PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOUR OF DUAL-FUEL

ENGINES IN SHIPS

KAJ PORTINWÄRTSILÄ CORPORATION

JANUARY 2012

Content for the presentation

• Wärtsilä DF engines• Loading performance• Engine testing

Content for the presentation

• Wärtsilä DF engines• Loading performance• Engine testing

Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel Engine Portfolio

0 5 10 15

34DF

20V34DF 9.0 MW

12V34DF 5.4 MW

9L34DF 4.0 MW

6L34DF 2.7 MW

16V34DF 7.2 MW

18V50DF 17.55 MW

16V50DF 15.6 MW

12V50DF 11.7 MW

9L50DF 8.8 MW

8L50DF 7.8 MW

6L50DF 5.85 MW50DF

20DF

9L20DF 1.6 MW

8L20DF 1.4 MW

6L20DF 1.0 MW

February 2, 20125 © Wärtsilä

Wärtsilä Dual Fuel engine performance

• A Wärtsilä dual fuel engine has the same loading ability as a diesel engine.

• Load acceptance in gas mode is restricted on low load by the turbo charging ability in principle the same way as a diesel engine. On higher load the restriction is set by the knocking.

February 2, 20126 © Wärtsilä

Wärtsilä Dual Fuel engine performance

Load acceptance comparison test in diesel mode and gas mode. Wärtsilä 50DF

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Eng

ine

spee

d

Load

, TC

spe

ed ,

Gas

fuel

inj d

urat

ion

Time [sec]

Engine load [%]

Gas fuel injection dur. [time]

TC speed [revs]

Engine speed [rpm]

W34DF Loading 0 – 100%, Gas Operation

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Engi

ne s

peed

Load

, TC

spe

ed ,

Gas

fuel

inj.

dura

tion

Time [sec]

Engine load [%]

Gas fuel injection dur. [time]

TC speed [revs]

Engine speed [rpm]

W34DF Loading 0 – 100%, Gas + Diesel Operation

February 2, 20129 © Wärtsilä

Mechanical drive – operating area

W34DF CPP Application Operating Area

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

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80

90

100

110

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800Engine speed [rpm]

Engi

ne lo

ad [%

]MCR

CSR

Max BMEP 20.5bar(nominal 19.8bar)

110% / 774rpm

Idling/Clutch-in speed range60-65% of nominal speed

Overload area for temporary use only (5% speed drop)

IMO E2-cycle points for CPP-applic.

(4% speed droop)

Min. speed 375rpm50% of nominal speed

February 2, 201210 © Wärtsilä

Mechanical drive

Single main engine

• Redundancy– The DF design is by its design inherently

redundant. – Gas fuel redundancy: Diesel mode– Pilot fuel redundancy: Backup mode– Control system redundancy: Limp mode

(mechanical backup governor)

11

Ramping of load, gas

Max load rate: 7%/10s

Max unload rate:50%/10s

Max instant load steps

Running at this load

Allows this big instant step

Load ramp up

This ramp defines the max allowed ramp rate when loading over the whole load range. I.e. loading from 30% to 85% in 80s is guaranteed. Practically same rules exist in diesel mode (and corresponding diesel engines of same size).

The restriction is mainly to avoid mechanical stress due to heating up of the big mass of an engine.

Load ramp down

Crash stop of LNG tanker. 85%-7% load in 7s.

Crash stop in gas mode

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time [s]

Pres

sure

[mba

r],

Sp

eed

[drp

m]

Was

tega

te p

ositi

on

[100

00=o

pen]

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

24000

Load

[mba

r], M

FI d

urat

ion

[us]

PT601PT901Pgas-PrecEngine speed [drpm]Engine load [mbar]MFI duration [us]

Instant loadingLaboratory tests: Wave simulations

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

Load

 step

/wave am

plitu

de [%

]

Start load / lower wave load [%]

Wave loading results, W6L50DF, Gas mode

6s max (Light knock)

8s max (Light knock)

10s max (Light knock)

Performance manual

Knock area

Load 1

Load 2Time

Instant load step versus ”ramped step”

60% load

20% step

Example:

At 40% load a 20% instant step is possible. However if there are possibilities to make the load change by ramping it towardsthe new load, a higher ”load step” is achievable. These kind of tests have not been done and no exact figures can be given.

40% load

70% load

X seconds

Content for the presentation

• Wärtsilä DF engines• Loading performance

• Engine testing

Engine testing

Bermeo, Spain

Vasa, Finland

Trieste, Italy

Bermeo, Spain

Engine Automation TestingVasa, Finland

Trieste, Italy

W6L34SG

Gas engine testing

Rig Testing

Fuel Injection Mechanical SingleCylinderEngine

W20V34SG

W6L50DF

Small engine

W6L34 DF

W16V34SG

UNIC UNIC HALT

W6L20DF

W9L20DF

W6L50SG

Rig and Automation TestingEngine Testing

www.wartsila.com