PERFECT PERFECT TENSESTENSES

IES NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA CABEZAIES NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA CABEZA

(2º BACHILLERATO)(2º BACHILLERATO)

PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLESIMPLE

• To describe actions or states which started in the past and To describe actions or states which started in the past and continue up to the present continue up to the present UNFINISHED ACTIONSUNFINISHED ACTIONS

e.g. Ie.g. I’’ve studied English for eight years.ve studied English for eight years.

• To describe past actions which have an effect in the present To describe past actions which have an effect in the present VERY RECENT ACTIONSVERY RECENT ACTIONS

e.g. Ie.g. I’’ve studied a lot so Ive studied a lot so I’’m very tiredm very tired

• To describe past experiences To describe past experiences LIFE EXPERIENCESLIFE EXPERIENCES

e.g. Have you ever been abroad?e.g. Have you ever been abroad?

A bit of humourA bit of humour

PRESENT PERFECT vs. PAST SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT vs. PAST SIMPLE

• The main difference between these two forms is their The main difference between these two forms is their relation to present time.relation to present time.

• PAST SIMPLE: It refers to a specific moment in the PAST SIMPLE: It refers to a specific moment in the pastpast..• TIME EXPRESSIONS: yesterday, last week, two days ago…TIME EXPRESSIONS: yesterday, last week, two days ago…

E.g. I worked in Tomelloso two years agoE.g. I worked in Tomelloso two years ago

• PRESENT PERFECT: The action has a result in the PRESENT PERFECT: The action has a result in the presentpresent. Either the action continues up to the present . Either the action continues up to the present or the period of time in which the action took place is or the period of time in which the action took place is not finished.not finished.• TIME EXPRESSIONS: for, since, ever, never, already, yet, TIME EXPRESSIONS: for, since, ever, never, already, yet,

recently, How long, so far…recently, How long, so far…

E.g. IE.g. I’’ve worked at this school since 2011. ve worked at this school since 2011. (I still work (I still work here)here)

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT

- SINCESINCE is used to express a starting point is used to express a starting point

- FORFOR is used to express a period of time is used to express a period of time

- HOW LONG HOW LONG is used to ask for durationis used to ask for duration

1)1)I’ve studied English ……….2000I’ve studied English ……….2000

2)2)I’ve studied English ……..12 yearsI’ve studied English ……..12 years

3)3)I haven’t seen Mary …..… agesI haven’t seen Mary …..… ages

4)4)I’ve known Ann …..… OctoberI’ve known Ann …..… October

FOR / SINCE / HOW FOR / SINCE / HOW LONGLONG

- SINCESINCE is used to is used to express a starting pointexpress a starting point

- FORFOR is used to express a period of time is used to express a period of time

- HOW LONG HOW LONG is used to ask for durationis used to ask for duration

1)1)I’ve studied English I’ve studied English SINCESINCE 2000 2000

2)2)I’ve studied English I’ve studied English FORFOR 12 years 12 years

3)3)I haven’t seen Mary I haven’t seen Mary FORFOR ages ages

4)4)I’ve known Ann I’ve known Ann SINCESINCE October October

YET / ALREADY / JUSTYET / ALREADY / JUST

• YETYET is used in negations and questions is used in negations and questions

• ALREADYALREADY is used in statements is used in statements

• JUSTJUST refers to an action that has recently refers to an action that has recently happenedhappened

1) Have you finished …….?1) Have you finished …….?

2) No, sir. We haven’t finished …….2) No, sir. We haven’t finished …….

3) Has she bought the milk ………..?3) Has she bought the milk ………..?

4) Yes, she’s ……… bought it.4) Yes, she’s ……… bought it.

YET / ALREADY / JUSTYET / ALREADY / JUST

• YETYET is used in negations and questions is used in negations and questions

• ALREADYALREADY is used in statements is used in statements

• JUSTJUST refers to an action that has recently refers to an action that has recently happenedhappened

1) Have you finished 1) Have you finished YETYET??

2) No, sir. We haven’t finished 2) No, sir. We haven’t finished YETYET

3) Has she bought the milk 3) Has she bought the milk YETYET??

4) Yes, she’s 4) Yes, she’s ALREADYALREADY//JUSTJUST bought it. bought it.

EVER / NEVEREVER / NEVER

- - EVEREVER is used in interrogative sentences to ask is used in interrogative sentences to ask about past experiences.about past experiences.

Have you Have you ever ever visited London?visited London?

- - NEVERNEVER is used to describe an action that is used to describe an action that hasn’t happened in your life.hasn’t happened in your life.

I have I have never never (ever) seen a giraffe.(ever) seen a giraffe.

BEEN / GONEBEEN / GONE

BEEN means that you travelled away and came back

I’ve been to England (I visited England and then came back)

GONE means that you travelled away and you stayed there

Peter has gone to England (He’s still there)

A bit of humourA bit of humour

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

4. To give emphasis on duration, usually with for, since or how long.

I’ve been writing e-mails since 9 o’clock!

A bit of practiceA bit of practice

1) How long ……… she ……….. (work) here?1) How long ……… she ……….. (work) here?

2) She ……………(work) at this shop for two years.2) She ……………(work) at this shop for two years.

3) ……. you ……… (enjoy) the concert yesterday?3) ……. you ……… (enjoy) the concert yesterday?

4) Yes, we ……… (have) a really good time4) Yes, we ……… (have) a really good time

5) What ……… you ………..… (do) this morning?5) What ……… you ………..… (do) this morning?

6) I …………… (paint) my house. Look at my 6) I …………… (paint) my house. Look at my hands!hands!

A bit of practiceA bit of practice

1) How long 1) How long HASHAS she she WORKED WORKED here?here?

2) She 2) She HAS WORKED HAS WORKED at this shop for two years.at this shop for two years.

3) 3) DIDDID you you ENJOYENJOY the concert yesterday? the concert yesterday?

4) Yes, we 4) Yes, we HADHAD a really good time a really good time

5) What 5) What HAVEHAVE you you BEEN DOING BEEN DOING (do) this (do) this morning?morning?

6) I’6) I’VE BEEN PAINTING VE BEEN PAINTING my house. Look at my my house. Look at my hands!hands!

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT

a)a) To describe actions which happened before To describe actions which happened before another action in the past.another action in the past.

- By the time the police arrived, the people - By the time the police arrived, the people had had already already caughtcaught the thief the thief

b) To describe an action that was completed by b) To describe an action that was completed by a specific time in the past.a specific time in the past.

- By the age of 10, John By the age of 10, John had learned had learned to speak to speak French fluently.French fluently.

More examplesMore examplesComplete the sentencesComplete the sentences

1) By the time Adam arrived at the theatre, the play 1) By the time Adam arrived at the theatre, the play ……. (start)……. (start)

2) When I got home, mum ……...(left)2) When I got home, mum ……...(left)

3) He couldn’t find his watch. He ………. (lose) it.3) He couldn’t find his watch. He ………. (lose) it.

4) She ……. (work) on the computer all night, so she 4) She ……. (work) on the computer all night, so she was dizzy.was dizzy.

5) The patient died before the ambulance ……. 5) The patient died before the ambulance ……. (reach) the hospital.(reach) the hospital.

Past perfect continuousPast perfect continuous

A)A) To describe continous actions which were To describe continous actions which were happening in the past before another short happening in the past before another short action took place.action took place.

- He - He had been travelling had been travelling in India for some years when in India for some years when he fell illhe fell ill

B)B) To emphasize the duration of an actionTo emphasize the duration of an action- I - I had been waitinghad been waiting here for ages. here for ages.

1. He was very tired. He …. (drive) for four hours1. He was very tired. He …. (drive) for four hours2. His eyes were aching. He ……. (work) on the computer 2. His eyes were aching. He ……. (work) on the computer all day.all day.3. she looked really happy. She …… (just, see) her exam 3. she looked really happy. She …… (just, see) her exam results.results.4. her clothes were very dirty. She ……. (paint) her room.4. her clothes were very dirty. She ……. (paint) her room.