Perception by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
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Transcript of Perception by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
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PerceptionLecture 3
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ConceptIs a process of interpretationPeople select, organize, interpret and
respond to information around themMay be described as a person’s view of
realityOpinions about issues or activities
surrounding a personImpression about people (subordinates, peers
and superiors) around an individual
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FeaturesSensory experience – we use our senses to
interpret informationFilter- sorting out the relevant information
from the irrelevant onesSubjective- different people look at the same
event from different anglesUnique interpretation- mental process of
judging eventsBasis of human behavior- there can be no
behavior without perception
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Factors that Influence PerceptionFactors in the perceiverAttitudesMotivesInterestsExperienceExpectation
Factors in the perceiverAttitudesMotivesInterestsExperienceExpectation
Factors in the situationTimeWork settingSocial setting
Factors in the situationTimeWork settingSocial setting
PERCEPTION
Factors in the targetNoveltyMotionSoundSizeBackgroundProximity
Factors in the targetNoveltyMotionSoundSizeBackgroundProximity
Perception, Attribution And Individual Decision Making
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Factors affectingCharacteristics of perceiver: - Attitudes: positive & negative - Moods: good or foul mood - Motives: goals - Self concept: opinion about oneself,
confidence - Interest: individual’s interest in any task
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..contdCharacteristics of target: - Motion: moving objects catch better
attention - Sound: louder sound will be more
noticeable - Size: larger size better attention - Contrast: more contrast more attention - Novelty & familiarity: uncommon objects
in common surroundings
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..contdCharacteristics of the situations - Time: crucial or casual time - Work setting: conditions of the work
environment - Social setting: cooperative or manipulative
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Perceptual Distortions/Errors
Selective perception: It is our tendency to choose information that supports our viewpoints, individuals often ignore information that makes them feel uncomfortable
Stereotyping: It is a generalization about a group of people. Ex: Good looking people are good employees
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..contd
Halo Effect: It is the process of using a single personality attribute while evaluating a person, especially a positive impression. Ex: A good student is also a responsible student
First impressions: First impression is the last impression. We tend to remember what we perceive first about a person
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…contdContrast effect: Contrasting effect always catches
more attention. Ex: Yellow against black background. “No smoking” posters
Projection: Is the tendency for people to see their own traits in other people. Example: Dishonest people tend to see dishonesty in others
Attribution: Refers to the way people try to understand the behavior of others. It is the process of assigning causes for any activity or event
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…contdImplicit personality theory: We tend to have our
mini theories about how people look & behave. Ex: People in fashionable dress are considered to like modern music
Self fulfilling prophesy: Also known as Pygmalion effect. These are situations in which our expectations about people affect our interaction with them in such a way that our expectations are fulfilled. Ex: When a manager says he trusts his subordinates will perform well, there is a tendency for subordinates to perform well automatically
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Perceptual ProcessObservation & selection: It is the tendency to
filter out information that is irrelevant. It is the process of selecting only relevant information
Perceptual organization: Is the process by which people categorize data into recognizable patterns
Perceptual Interpretation: Refers to the process of analyzing the information thus gathered & drawing meaningful conclusions thereof.
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Importance / ApplicationsEmployee Interview: helps in deciding whom
to hire & whom not toPerformance evaluation: An employees future
is closely tied to his appraisal- promotions, pay raises etc
Performance expectations: depending of the employees capabilities & skills, responsibilities & duties are assigned
Employee loyalty: helps in judging whether an employee will remain with the organization for a short, medium or long term