Percentage Distribution of Tsunamis in the World’s Oceans ... · Atlantic East Coast 1.6 Atlantic...
Transcript of Percentage Distribution of Tsunamis in the World’s Oceans ... · Atlantic East Coast 1.6 Atlantic...
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George A. Maul, ChairmanGeorge A. Maul, ChairmanIOCARIBE Tsunami Steering IOCARIBE Tsunami Steering
Group of ExpertsGroup of Experts
Florida Institute of Technology
Department of Marine and Environmental Systems
Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Caribbean and
Central West Atlantic Region
Percentage Distribution of Tsunamis in Percentage Distribution of Tsunamis in the Worldthe World’’s Oceans and Seass Oceans and Seas
Location %Atlantic East Coast 1.6
Atlantic West Coast 0.4
Mediterranean 10.1
Caribbean 13.8
Bay of Bengal 0.8
East Indies 20.3
Oceania 25.4
Japan-Russia 18.6
Pacific East Coast 8.9
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Atlantic Tsunami RiskAtlantic Tsunami Risk
Close Earthquake Close Earthquake
LandslideLandslide
Submarine VolcanoSubmarine Volcano
TeleTele--tsunamitsunami
Western North Atlantic Tsunami Western North Atlantic Tsunami Fatalities in last 150 YearsFatalities in last 150 Years
Date Place Fatalities
1853 Venezuela 600-4,000 (est.)*
1867 Virgin Islands 23
1882 Panama 75-100
1907 Jamaica 500
1918 Puerto Rico 91-100
1929 Canada 28
1946 Dominican Republic 1,790; 75
1991 Costa Rica 2
2,584 TOTAL
*not included
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Elements of Tsunami Warning SystemElements of Tsunami Warning System
EducationEducation
WarningWarningSeismic, Sea Level, Seismic, Sea Level, CommunicationsCommunications
ManagementManagement
ResearchResearch
Population Per 1 km of Coastline, 2000 and 2025, Living within 100 km of the Coast, By Region, Relative (%) Increase or Decrease
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Asia RegionExcluding
Middle East,25%
INCREASE
EuropeanRegion, -3%DECREASE
Middle Eastand North
AfricaRegion, 52%INCREASE
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Region, 84%INCREASE
NorthAmerica
Region, 20%INCREASE
C America &Caribbean
Region, 39%INCREASE
SouthAmerica
Region, 25%INCREASE
OceaniaRegion, 32%INCREASE
Pers
ons/
km
20002025
IntraIntra--Americas Sea Tsunami Americas Sea Tsunami Warning System UpdateWarning System Updatehttp://http://my.fit.edu/~gmaulmy.fit.edu/~gmaul
Seismic SubsystemSeismic SubsystemSeaSea--Level SubsystemLevel SubsystemCommunications SubsystemCommunications SubsystemBudget UpdateBudget UpdateResearch AgendaResearch AgendaSummarySummary
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Puerto Rico Seismic NetworkPuerto Rico Seismic Network
PTWC
Red SRed Síísmica Virtualsmica Virtual
IRIS/USGS IU Network
IRIS/IDA II Network
ISU/USAD Network
PRSN/UPR Network
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Proposed USGS Broadband Proposed USGS Broadband NetworkNetwork
PR&VI Water Level StationsPR&VI Water Level Stations
NOS PRSN Upgrade NOS
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Intra-Americas Sea Water-Level Network
ref. IOCARIBE Tsunami Proposal Annex III
CPACC
RONMAC
US NWLON
IOC/UNEP
UK
FRANCE
MEXICO
CUBA
SMITH. INST
PANAMA
VENEZ
IOC
FINCUR
NOAA
DOM REP
NOAA
Intra-Americas Sea Water-Level Network
Status reported GLOSS IX 02/05
NOT OPERATIONAL
GONE
OPER / XMIT
OPER / NO XMIT
UNKNOWN
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ProtocoloProtocolo de de MaremotosMaremotos paraparaPuerto RicoPuerto Rico
ProtocoloProtocolo de de MaremotoMaremoto paraparaPuerto RicoPuerto Rico
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Research Agenda:Research Agenda:Buoys, Neural Networks, RunBuoys, Neural Networks, Run--up Modelingup Modeling
• Deployed Location– 39º 58’ North– 7 º 34’ East– Approximately 40 miles west of
Capo de Oristano
Partners Seeking FundingPartners Seeking FundingStart up: $3,515,000Start up: $3,515,000Recurring: $2,200,000Recurring: $2,200,000
CDERA CDERA –– Caribbean Disaster Emergency Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response AgencyResponse AgencyOAS OAS –– Pan American Development FoundationPan American Development FoundationIOCARIBE IOCARIBE –– SubcomissionSubcomission for the Caribbean and for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions of IOCAdjacent Regions of IOCLocal GovernmentsLocal GovernmentsOthersOthers
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SUMMARYSUMMARY
Atlantic tsunami deaths in last ~150 Atlantic tsunami deaths in last ~150 years (1853, 1867, 1907, 1918, 1929, years (1853, 1867, 1907, 1918, 1929, 1946, 1991): at least 2,500 persons 1946, 1991): at least 2,500 persons North Atlantic coastal population to North Atlantic coastal population to increase ~40 million persons by 2025increase ~40 million persons by 2025IOCIOC--approved warning system to include approved warning system to include Education, Warnings, Management, Education, Warnings, Management, ResearchResearchA matter of when, not if!A matter of when, not if!
ReferencesReferencesBryant, E.A. Natural Hazards. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, 294 pp., 1991.Duedall, I.M., and G.A. Maul. Future Coastal populations. In: M.
Schwartz, (editor), Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (in press), 2005.
O’Loughlin, K.F., and J.F. Lander. Caribbean Tsunamis: a 500-year history from 1498-1998. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, 263 pp., 2003.
Mader, C.L. Modeling the 1755 Lisbon Tsunami. Science of Tsunami Hazards, 19(2): 93-99, 2004.
Maul, G.A. Atlantic Tsunami Warnings Are Needed. Guest Editorial, Sea Technology, 44(3), pg: 7, 2003.
Watlington, R.A., and S.H. Lincoln. Disaster and Disruption in 1867: Hurricane, Earthquake, and Tsunami in the Danish West Indies. University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI 00803, 134 pp., 2001.