PEOPLES AND EMPIRES

Chapters 9 – 11 and Epilogue

CHAPTER NINE By the middle of the 18th

century, the Pacific had become the final frontier.

On April 4, 1768, Bougainville landed on the island of Tahiti.

Captain Cook also brought a native, Omai, from Hawaii. When he returned Omai home, he gave him many animals to help improve the natives' diet.

By the end of the century, colonization was no longer as important.

Science became a recognized source of power and a new terrain on which the European powers fought one another.

CHAPTER TEN In 1804, Napoleon had

himself crowned by Pope Pius VII.

Wanting to unify Europe as Alexander had, he occupied Egypt in 1798.

Napoleon was driven out in 1801 and finally suffered his final defeat in 1815.

Displays of “natives” became a regular attraction in the 19th century.

The concept of civilizing continued to be an objective of Europe.

In 1841, Virey delivered a lecture that would be the basis for a new type of racism.

CHAPTER ELEVEN In 1908, the Ottoman

Sultanate it was seized by the Young Turks.

In 1911, the Chinese Empire collapsed before an internal rebellion.

This left the world in the hands of the major European powers, Russia, and the United States.

From the First World War until the mid-1960’s, nationalism began replacing imperialism.

Globalization may become the new ideal.

EPILOGUE The modern world would be

much more hostile if it had a long historical memory.

Unlike Christianity, Islam makes no distinction between the secular and the sacred.

The Qur'an promised political success to the Muslims, yet the West has been much more successful.

Muslim reactionaries believe this is because they have departed from the true path of Islam.

However, trying so hard to stick to the “old ways” makes it hard for them to modernize.