THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD.
People in Belize Think It Should Be One of the Seven Wonders of the World
2
8/8/2019 People in Belize Think It Should Be One of the Seven Wonders of the World http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/people-in-belize-think-it-should-be-one-of-the-seven-wonders-of-the-world 1/2 Belize Lighthouse Reef People in Belize think it should be one of the seven wonders of the world. Dive boats visit it every day. It is protected by the Belize Audubon Society and is a Belize National Monument. It became a World Heritage site in 1997. Jacques Cousteau took the Calypso and his one-man submarines into the hole in 1972 to examine stalactites suspended from overhanging walls. The Great Blue Hole is surrounded by shallow water of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, a nearly perfect circle in the middle of a shallow reef. The atoll is located ~96 km east of the Belize mainland. It is not an easy place to reach.In 1997, geologist Robert F. Dill and divers from the Cambrian Foundation, an organization of mixed-gas divers (also called tech divers), visited the Great Blue Hole to collect stalactites for isotopic dating and sea-level studies. Two divers descended 407 ft and obtained two short push cores. The 2-ft long cores revealed outstanding sedimentary laminations. There is no oxygen near the bottom, and hydrogen sulfide prevents bottom dwellers from burrowing and disturbing the sediment. Preliminary analyses of the short cores showed fluctuating pollen, spores, mercury, and arsenic levels. Arsenic ranges between 15 and 21 ppm. That's right! ppm as in parts per million. Other events recorded in the short cores included hurricane or large storm layers. The storm layers are light-colored, beautifully laminated, and are distinct from the darker organic and clay-rich sediments representing slow deposition. Could these sediments provide a long-term record of climate, mercury, arsenic, and African dust flux? We think so! There were a few hurdles to get over before sampling could begin, not to mention the proposal- to-funding process. Permits had to be obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries in Belize City along with permission from Audubon, which had to consult with the Department of Forestry. Former USF student Melanie McField, who represents the World Wildlife Fund in Belize City, made the permitting process easier. There was also collaboration with the American Embassy in Belize City, and last but not least, a suitable vessel had to be located and chartered. On May 8th, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, Chris Reich, and Don Hickey entered the deep blue hole aboard Winning Ticket , a 55-ft boat out of Miami operated by Captain Barry Denton with Randy Migdalski as First Mate. Winning Ticket traveled to Belize with the coring equipment where the USGS crew boarded for the final run out to the blue hole. Along the way, we picked up student/volunteer Elizabeth Williams who served as observer for Audubon during the sampling. Our purpose was to obtain long cores and hopefully a several-thousand-year record of dust flux. Coring was done with a Rossfelder electro-vibracoring system using 20-ft-long core tubes. We lowered the 300 lbs. of equipment to the bottom on a 500-ft length of rope from the bow of the boat. Cores and equipment were retrieved with the boat's electric anchor windlass and divers removed the cores from the apparatus at the surface. By the third and last day, we had obtained two 18-ft cores. In all, seven cores were recovered. Sound easy? Fieldwork is seldom easy. On this trip, the electric vibracoring equipment failed. But as luck would have it, First Mate Randy's other job is running an electric motor rewinding shop. In a few hours he rewired components and we were back in business. Thanks to Randy, we got the 18 footers. Why this blue hole? The Belize Great Blue Hole is located far from industrial sources of aerosols but is well within the area affected by silica- and clay-bearing African soil dust. African dust is deposited in the Caribbean mainly between June and October. The hole thus serves as a giant
-
Upload
nallathambi -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of People in Belize Think It Should Be One of the Seven Wonders of the World
8/8/2019 People in Belize Think It Should Be One of the Seven Wonders of the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/people-in-belize-think-it-should-be-one-of-the-seven-wonders-of-the-world 1/2
Belize Lighthouse Reef
People in Belize think it should be one of the seven wonders of the world. Dive boats visit it
every day. It is protected by the Belize Audubon Society and is a Belize National Monument. It became a World Heritage site in 1997. Jacques Cousteau took the Calypso and his one-man
submarines into the hole in 1972 to examine stalactites suspended from overhanging walls. TheGreat Blue Hole is surrounded by shallow water of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, a nearly perfect circlein the middle of a shallow reef. The atoll is located ~96 km east of the Belize mainland. It is not
an easy place to reach.In 1997, geologist Robert F. Dill and divers from the CambrianFoundation, an organization of mixed-gas divers (also called tech divers), visited the Great Blue
Hole to collect stalactites for isotopic dating and sea-level studies. Two divers descended 407 ftand obtained two short push cores. The 2-ft long cores revealed outstanding sedimentary
laminations. There is no oxygen near the bottom, and hydrogen sulfide prevents bottom dwellersfrom burrowing and disturbing the sediment. Preliminary analyses of the short cores showed
fluctuating pollen, spores, mercury, and arsenic levels. Arsenic ranges between 15 and 21 ppm.That's right! ppm as in parts per million. Other events recorded in the short cores included
hurricane or large storm layers. The storm layers are light-colored, beautifully laminated, and aredistinct from the darker organic and clay-rich sediments representing slow deposition. Could
these sediments provide a long-term record of climate, mercury, arsenic, and African dust flux?We think so!
There were a few hurdles to get over before sampling could begin, not to mention the proposal-
to-funding process. Permits had to be obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries in Belize City alongwith permission from Audubon, which had to consult with the Department of Forestry. Former
USF student Melanie McField, who represents the World Wildlife Fund in Belize City, madethe permitting process easier. There was also collaboration with the American Embassy in Belize
City, and last but not least, a suitable vessel had to be located and chartered.
On May 8th, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, Chris Reich, and Don Hickey entered the deep bluehole aboard Winning Ticket , a 55-ft boat out of Miami operated by Captain Barry Denton with
Randy Migdalski as First Mate. Winning Ticket traveled to Belize with the coring equipmentwhere the USGS crew boarded for the final run out to the blue hole. Along the way, we picked
up student/volunteer Elizabeth Williams who served as observer for Audubon during thesampling. Our purpose was to obtain long cores and hopefully a several-thousand-year record of
dust flux. Coring was done with a Rossfelder electro-vibracoring system using 20-ft-long coretubes. We lowered the 300 lbs. of equipment to the bottom on a 500-ft length of rope from the
bow of the boat. Cores and equipment were retrieved with the boat's electric anchor windlass anddivers removed the cores from the apparatus at the surface. By the third and last day, we had
obtained two 18-ft cores. In all, seven cores were recovered. Sound easy? Fieldwork is seldomeasy. On this trip, the electric vibracoring equipment failed. But as luck would have it, First
Mate Randy's other job is running an electric motor rewinding shop. In a few hours he rewiredcomponents and we were back in business. Thanks to Randy, we got the 18 footers.
Why this blue hole? The Belize Great Blue Hole is located far from industrial sources of aerosols but is well within the area affected by silica- and clay-bearing African soil dust. African dust is
deposited in the Caribbean mainly between June and October. The hole thus serves as a giant
8/8/2019 People in Belize Think It Should Be One of the Seven Wonders of the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/people-in-belize-think-it-should-be-one-of-the-seven-wonders-of-the-world 2/2
sediment trap where the overall sedimentation rate is slow and layering is preserved due toanoxic conditions. A high rate of atmospheric deposition relative to normal shallow-marine
sedimentation should make it easier to identify and separate African soil dust from localcarbonate mud. If all goes as planned, these cores will provide the centerpiece of a study aimed
at determining the geologic history of dust deposition over the past few thousand years. Stay
Tuned!
