People at Work Some Prejudices Some Premises. Man-Job Relationship Square peg in the Square hole...
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Transcript of People at Work Some Prejudices Some Premises. Man-Job Relationship Square peg in the Square hole...
People at WorkPeople at Work
Some Prejudices Some Premises
Man-Job RelationshipMan-Job Relationship
Square peg in the Square hole theory– Hiring the Right-fit for the Exact Job is the main issue
Facts– Jobs are not definite, fixed or unalterable– Jobs tend to become what the job-holder makes out of it– Employees donot always remain the same in respect of their
qualifications, attitudes and abilities– Interaction of the employee with his job determines his
satisfaction and ‘how well he will do the job’– The climate under which he works ie, supervision, colleagues,
physical surroundings, recognition of work affects the Fit.
The Nature of WorkThe Nature of Work
What is Work after all?It’s a combination of five attributes: Muscular work – physical movements Sensory work – starting the engine Mental work – balancing five traits Social work – helping out, participating Conceptual work – imaginative, visioningAll jobs require a little or more bit of all these
Knowing & DoingKnowing & Doing
Having information - knowledge Knowing what to do with Information Knowing how to do - skill Having inclination to do - attitude Doing work - performance Evaluating own work - appraisal Updating/upgrading knowledge, skill,attitude
- development
Skill is criticalSkill is critical
What is skill? It is the ability to do a work It can be present in different degrees
How skill is gained? Muscles, senses and information alignment
Information moves from known to unknown, from simple to complex
Sensory discriminations gradually reinforce one another
Repeated use of muscles
Muscular workMuscular work
Muscles consist of many fibres Fibers have ability to contract and relax Fibers get activated by nerve-ends attached If muscle contraction stops, we get fatigue Fatigue can be caused due to insufficient supply of
blood/oxygen for regeneration of muscle cells This can happen due to excessive work or worry
Sensory developmentSensory development
We tend to take our senses for granted We don’t realise that the starting point of work is
provided by the senses We can actually sharpen our senses and get a
headstart, and also get more out of work– Seeing the object to be handled– Hearing the cue to do it– By touching, tasting or smelling
Work is usually ‘sensory-muscular work’
Mental abilitiesMental abilities
A bundle of traits:1. Memory
2. Vocabulary
3. Mathematical facility
4. Space perception
5. Reasoning
Different tasks require a different combination Can be developed by training
Conceptual AbilityConceptual Ability
Dreaming / visioningProtraying the future on a mental canvass
with the finesse of a Hussain / Ray– Seeing the Big Picture before starting work
Reinventing the BusinessReinventing the workReinventing the process
Social developmentSocial development
Three personal traits for success:
1. Like people – extroversion
2. Persistent in Human Relations
3. Well balanced – emotionally mature Employees who are well adjusted assure
harmony at work and workforce stability
If work matters, so do the workersIf work matters, so do the workers
Management need to look after employees well for a very practical reason:
to get the most out of peopleManagement must look after:Physical health – muscles & nervesMental health – commitment & creativitySocial health – recognition & fellowship
Looking after employeesLooking after employees
Employee ServicesEmployee Welfare
Voluntary effortStatutory obligation
Why statutory obligation?Why statutory obligation?Work & SocietyWork & Society
Society governs the Means of Production
– Land, capital & labour
Relations of Production– Feudalism, capitalism & socialism
Society is responsible for harmony– Regulates social security for Work & Progress
Areas for InterventionAreas for Intervention
Compensation
Working Conditions
1. Pay People Right- Internal equity- External equity- Minimum needs to retain
2. Equity Perception is important- Autocratic decision
vs- Democratic / Collective decision- Pay committee & participatory approach- Employee satisfaction survey
COMPENSATIONCOMPENSATION
3. Incentive & Reward – Key processes- Work measurement- Standardising conditions under which work gets performed- Communication of task/target- Benefits for Orgn / for Individual
4. Ways of Incentive determination- Time spent for work – overtime- Responsibility shouldered – Acting/officiating- Quantity of output/time – L.P- Savings against standards – Quality- Savings against Time – Efficiency
How are these aspects taken care of in your Organisation?
Incentive & RewardIncentive & Reward
Basic Concerns
- Ventilation / air-conditioning- Lighting- Distractions- Sanitation- Posture- Fatigue
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions
- Ventilation
- Temperature & humidity
- Dust, Gas & fumes
- Harmful to Body
- Discomfort brings down efficiency at work
- Good lighting improves efficiency- Poor light leads to
- inaccurate work
- accidents
- Low production
- Indirect lighting is the Best- Fluorescent lighting provides
excellent diffused light with little heat.
LightingLighting
DistractionsDistractions
- Noise comes first- Unavoidable but can be made less irritating - Irritation causes tension -> fatigue- Noise should be measured & controlled- Visual distractions
- Moving Objects, reflecting walls, direct light - Can cause fatigue to eye musdes
- Social distractions- Gossip , Loud talk , smoking
Sanitation should be modern- Drinking water- Toilet facilities- Rest rooms- Lounges- Washing facilities- Dressing facilities
- Building architecture/maintenance- White washing- Cleaning- Painting / Polishing
A good investment to raise employee morale and retain.
SanitationSanitation
The working chairs Heights of working surfaces Avoid undue strain on
- Arms
- Shoulders
- Back muscles
Potential cause of series of ailments
- Work related diseases.
PosturePosture
FatigueFatigue
What is fatigue?
“A decreased capacity for work” Why fatigue occurs?
- Due to the `work’ itself (physiological)
- Due to `environmental conditions’
- From a `feeling of fatigue’ (Psychological)
Its important to distinguish the cause of Fatigue
Results from wear & tear of body tissues
Principal antidote is `REST’.
Blood circulation replenishes tissues.
Secondary Autidote is `WORK DESIGN’
Doing work in a rhythm lessens fatigue.
Avoid jerks
Older workers usually work in rhythms.
`̀Physiological’ fatigue is `Genuine’Physiological’ fatigue is `Genuine’
L
U No
Rest
No
RestN
C With
Rest
WithRest
H
Muscular fatigue & AntidoteMuscular fatigue & Antidote
FATIGUE
Morning Afternoon