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Transcript of jamyang.wikispaces.compenjor... · Web viewSC 410 Mr. Kinzang Dorji 15 th October, 2012 Review...
Thinley Penjor [BE091919]
B.Ed IV Sec. Sci “A”
Samtse College of Education
Review questions on endocrine glands
15th October, 2012
Mr. Kinzang Dorji
SC 410
Progress check 1
1. Fill in the blanks by selecting the appropriate alternatives from those given in the
brackets.
i. Regulation of activities inside the body brought about by endocrine and nervous
system. (nervous/digestive/endocrine)
ii. Hormones are secreted directly into the blood. (organs/lymph/blood)
iii. Chemically, some hormones are amines, some steroids, and some proteins.
(proteins/amines/carbohydrates)
iv. Both, excess or deficiency of hormones leads to serious consequences.
(excess/absence)
v. Hormones produced in one species usually show similar influence in other
species. (similar/different)
2. Give the characteristic of hormones pertaining to;
a. Site of action
b. Chemical nature
c. Manner of transportation
Particulars Characteristics
Site of action Carried by blood to target orgns
Chemical nature May be proteinaceous, amine or steroids
Manner of transportation Acts quickly
Progress check 2
1. Mention against the three types of cells of islets of Langerhans, the name of hormones
they secrete.
I. Alpha cells: Glucagon
II. Beta cells: Insulin
III. Delta cells: Somatostatin
2. Mention the two principal ways in which insulin acts.
Ans: Promotes glucose uptake by body cells and stimulates deposition of extra glucose
3. Name the following conditions
I. Passage of glucose in urine : mellitus
II. Overdose of insulin makes the diabetic patient unconscious: insulin shock
4. List any three symptoms of diabetes mellitus
i. Has high concentration of sugar in urine
ii. Feels thirsty because of loss of water through urination
iii. Loses weight and becomes weaker
5. List any two effects of adrenaline
Increases blood pressure, heart rate
Decreases glycogen in the lever
6. Name two categories of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
Cortisone
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Progress check 3
Fill in the blanks with correct alternatives from those given for each;
i. Thyroid is located close to larynx. (larynx/kidney)
ii. Cretinism is caused due to undersecretion of thyroxin. (undersecretion/oversecretion)
iii. Oversecreion of thyroxin causes exophthalmic goiter. (simple/exophthalmic)
iv. The condition in showing swelling of face and hands and sluggishness due to
hypothyroid is called Myxoedema (cretinism/myxedema)
v. The hormone concerned with facing dangers is adrenalin.
(thyroxin/cortisone/adrenalin)
vi. Cortex and medulla are two regions of adrenal (thyroid/adrenal)
vii. One of the effects of increased secretion of adrenalin is dry mouth. (dry mouth/slowing
heart rate/face flushed with blood)
Progress check 4
1. Mention if the following statements are true or false. If false correct the words.
i. Pituitary is of the size of lemon
ii. Pituitary has three lobes-anterior, posterior and intermediate: True
iii. Oversecretion of growth hormone in adult causes gigantism: False,
Acromegaly
iv. Vasopressin secreted by anterior lobe controls reabsorption of
water from kidney: False, posterior lobe
2. Write the full from of;
i. TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
ii. LH: Luteinizing hormone
iii. ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone
iv. ADH: Antidiuretic hormone
3. What causes the following:
i. Acromegaly: Oversecretion of growth hormone in adults
ii. Diabetes insipidus: Deficiency of vasopressin
Review Questions
A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1. Name the following:
i. The three hormones produced by pancreas
Ans:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Somatostatin
ii. The hormone produced by adrenal gland
Ans: adrenaline
iii. The condition caused by over secretion of insulin
Ans: hypoglycemia
iv. The hormone secreted by beta cells of islets of Langerhans.
Ans: Insulin
v. Hormone which increases blood pressure
Ans: ADH or Vasopressin
vi. Hormone causing formation of more urine
Ans: Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormone
vii. The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system
Ans: Adrenaline
2. What would a child suffer from if there was hypo-secretion from the thyroid?
Ans: The child will suffer from simple goitre and condition called cretinism
3. Choose the odd one out from each series
a. The glands-Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostrate
Ans: Prostrate
b. The conditions- cretinism, myxoedema, goitre and scurvy
Ans: Scurvy
c. The hormones- Insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxin
Ans: Cretinism
d. The hormonal sources- adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary
Ans: Cortisone
4. Choose the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:
a. Larnyx, glucagon, testosterone, prolactin
Ans: Larnyx and the rest are hormones
b. Adrenaline, penicillin, insulin, thyroxin
Ans: Penicillin and the rest are hormones
c. Stomach, ileum, liver, adrenaline
Ans: Adrenaline and the rest are
d. TSH, GH, ADH, insulin
Ans: Insulin and the rest are the hormones produced by anterior lobe of pituitary
gland.
e. Iodine, cretinism, goitre and myxoedema
Ans: Iodine and the rest are conditions caused by under-secretion of thyroxine
hormone.
5. Select the correct answer in the following out of the four available choices for each
a. A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is
Pituitary
Thyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ans: pancreas
b. (Myxoedema/simple goitre/exophthalmic goitre) is a disorder caused by excessive
secretion of thyroid hormone
Ans: Exophthalmic goitre
c. Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the over activity of the
Thymus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal cortex
Ans: Thyroid
d. The secretion of ADH is inhibited by
Emotion and stress
Nicotine
Alcohol
Morphine
Ans: Alcohol
6. Match the items column I with those of Column II
Column I Column II
1. Beta cells of islets of langerhans a. Condition due to under secretion of
thyroxin in adults
2. Thyroid b. Glucocorticoids
3. Cretinism c. Exophthalmic goitre
4. Addison’s disease d. Increases heart beat
5. Hypothyriodism e. Thyroxin
6. Myxoedema
f. Adrenal cortex
g. Insulin
h. Under secretion of thyroxin in child
ANSWER:
a. 1 = g. insulin
b. 2 = e. thyroxin
c. 3 = Under secretion of thyroxin in child
d. 4 = f. adrenal cortex
e. 5 = h. under secretion of thyroxin in adult
f. 6 = a. condition due to under secretion of thyroxin in adults
7. Match the items in column A with those in column B
Column A Column B
a. Cretinism I. Shortage of glucose in blood
b. Diabetes mellitus II. oversecretion of growth hormone
c. Insulin shock III. excess of glucose in blood
d. Gigantism IV. oversecretion of thyroxin
e. Enlargement of brests in adult males V. dwarfism and mental retardation
f. Exophthalmic goitre VI. oversecretion of cortical hormones
Answer: a = V, b = III, c = I, d = II, e = VI, f = IV
B. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
8. Mention which of the statements are true or false. Give reason in support of your
answer.
a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.
Ans: True beacause adrenaline prepares the body to meet any emergency
situation, for fight that is to face the danger or for fligh, to run away from the
enemy.
b) There are two kinds of diabetes (mild and severe) related with two different
hormones
Ans: True
c) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodized salt in food.
Ans: True because iodized salt contains iodine.
d) Pituitary is popularly called the master gland.
Ans: True because it seems to control practically all other endocrine glands.
e) Hormones “obey” the commands like “enough, slow down or “too little, speed
up.”
Ans: False
f) Gigantism and dwarfism in humans basically depend on the quality and quantity
of the food eaten during early growing age.
Ans: False
9. How do endocrine glands differ from other glands?
Ans: this is because their secretions are poured directly into the blood and not through
any special duct.
10. Mention any two differences between a hormone and enzyme
Ans:
Sl.
No#
Hormone Enzyme
1 Have low molecular weight Have high molecular weight
2 May be excitatory or inhibitory in action Acts as biocatalyst and
accelerate the rate of actions
11. Do you agree with the statement – “All hormones are chemical signals”? Yes/No.
Justify your answer.
Ans: Yes, because they are produced in response to the changes in internal or external
environment and carried out by the blood stream to the target organs.
12. Why is iodine important to our body?
Ans: To prevent from goitre
13. If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries
up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
Ans: Due to the increased secretion of adrenalin or epinephrine by medulla
14. If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do
you explain this change?
Ans: Because each part of adrenal gland secretes independent hormones and is stimulated
by the nerve endings of the automatic nervous syste.
15. Name the two kinds of diabetes? Mention their symptoms and cause.
Ans: Diabetes mellitus: caused due to hyposecretion of insulin. Symptoms are: high
concentration of sugar in blood, excretes great deal of urine loaded with sugar, feels
thirsty and loss of apetite.
Diabetes insipidus: caused due to hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH). Symptoms are:
low level of sugar in blood and brain may enter a state of coma if level becomes too low
for a few minutes.
16. Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.
Gland Hormone secreted Efect on body
Adrenal cortex (1)
Pancreas (“beta” cells)
………………….. (4)
Anterior lobe of pituitary
gland (6)
Glucocorticoids (2)
Insulin (3)
…………………. (5)
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Regulate basal metabolism
Controls blood sugar
Increases heart beat
Pigmentation in addison’s
disease (7)
17. Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones
produced, their chief functions, the effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in
respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1 – 13.
S.
No
.
Source
gland cells
Hormone
produced
Chief function Effect of
oversecretion
Effect of under
secretion
1 Thyroid
gland (1)
Thyroxine Promotes tisue
metabolism,
growth and
differentiation
(2)
Exophthalmic
goitre (3)
Simple goitre,
cretinism and
myxoedema (4)
2 Beta cells Insulin (5) Promotes
glucose
utilisation by the
body cells
Hypoglycemia
(6)
Diabetes mellitus
(7)
3 Anterior
lobe of
pituitary
gland (8)
Growth
hormone
Body growth (9) Gigantism in
childhood and
acromegaly in
adulthood(10)
Dwarfism
4 Posterior
lob of
pituitary
gland(11)
Vasopressin Increases
reabsorption of
water from
kidney tubules
Elavation
blood
pressure(12)
Diabetis
insipidus(13)
18. People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre. What
could be the possible reason for it?
Ans: this is because of deficient of iodine in salt and as a result the food grown there in
poor in iodine.
19. Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8.
Gland Secretions Effect on body
Ovaries (1) Oestrogen Development of breasts and
thickening of the hips(2)
Alpha cells Glucagon (3) Raises blood sugar level (4)
Thyroid gland (5) Thyroxin (6) Protruding eyes
Anterior lobe of pituitary
gland (7)
Growth hormone (8) Gigantism
C. LONG ANSWER TYPE
20. Compare the hormone al response with the nervous response with respect to their
speed, transmission and the general natural of changes brought about.
Hormonal response Nervous response
Speed Usually slow Rapid
Transmission Transmitted chemically through
blood
Transmitted electo-chemically
through the nerve fibres and
chemically cross synapses
Natural changes Can bring about specific chemical
changes and regulates metabolism
Does not influence chemical
changes and cannot regulate
metabolism
21. Mention any three important differences between the action of hormones and that
of nerves in regulatory mechanism of our body.
Ans:
Particulars Hormonal action Nervous action
Mode of
transmission
As chemical messengers As electro-chemical nerve
impulse
Speed Information travels rapidly but
effects are short lived
Information travels slowly but its
effects are long lasting
Path of
transmission
Through nerve fibers Through blood
D. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION /SKILL TYPE
22. Given alongside is portion from the human body showing some important structure
in ventral (front) view?
a. Where is the portion located in the body?
Ans: located in the front part of the neck
Just below the larynx.
b. Name the structures numbered 1-3?
Ans: 1- larynx, 2- thyroid gland, 3- trachea
c. State one main function of each of the
Structures named above?
Ans: larynx: Voice box, thyroid gland:
production of hormones, thyroxin and
calcitonin, and trachea: wind pipe.
d. Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2?
If so, give its name?
Ans: Isthmus
23. Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain
organs.
a. Name the parts numbered 1 to 5?
1
23
Fig 1 Self-portrait by Thinley Penjor
Ans: 1- pituitary gland, 2- thyroid gland,
3- pancreas, 4- testes, and 5- adrenal gland.
b. What is common to all these parts in
regard to nature of their function?
Ans: these are all gland which secrete
certain hormones.
c. In what way is part 3 different from parts
1 and 5 in a general way?
Ans: Pancreas is both a duct gland as well
as a ductless gland. As a duct gland, secrete
pancreatic juice and as a ductless gland, it has
special groups of hormone secreting cells
called Islets of Langerhans.
d. Name the part that corresponds
to part 4 in a female?
Ans: Ovary
e. Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2?
1
4
5
2
3
Fig 2. Self-portrait by Thinley Penjor
Ans: Iodine
24. Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other is somewhat incorrect)
showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target
organ/cell.
a. Which one has the error – A or B?
Ans: B
b. What is the error?
Ans: Hormone is released in the blood stream but it doesn’t have specific directions
of flow rather it flows through nerves in many directions
Blood stream
Gland
Target cell
Hormone
Cell in gland
Target cellA B
Fig 3. Self-potrait by Thinley Penjor