Pembrokian April 2006

7/31/2019 Pembrokian April 2006

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pvjmhtlfb hk rlf mgtr Zfdnzb+

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Dlgpfm Dnmmfdrhnkt

Dlgpfm dnmmfdrhnkt lfmbbvzhki Ehdlgfmegt Rfze

zghtfb ¤2?7+4< anz rlf BFD

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Dneehrrff( Gppfgm anz rlf

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nzigkhtgrhnk rlgr zfpzftfkrt

74 mfgbhki V@ Ghb Gifkdhft-

hkdmvbhki N|age- rlf Jzhrhtl

Zfb Dzntt- Dlzhtrhgk Ghbgkb Htmgehd Zfmhfa+

Jfwvftrt

Bvzhki ??6 jfwvftrt yfzf

zfdfhqfb azne rlf anmmnyhki3

Cnlk Mnqfmnd`- Qhtdnvkrftt

Egzx Fddmft- Gmgk Jzgx-

Azgk` Dnnpfz- _lhmhp Ehmmftr-

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Lgqf xnv cnhkfb rlf

Rftbgmf Tndhfrx>

Efejfztlhp na rlf Tndhfrx

ht npfk rn gkxnkf yln lgt

pmfbifb g jfwvftr rn rlf

Dnmmfif+ Rlf ztr jhfkkhgm

mvkdl anz efejfzt yhmm jf

lfmb nk 1 Tfprfejfz

Afmmny yhkt Znxgm

Tndhfrx Gygzb

Bz Jfk Bgqht- _fejzn`f

Afmmny gkb Vkhqfzthrx Mfdrvzfz

hk Nzigkhd Dlfehtrzx- lgt jffk

gygzbfb rlf :??6 Znxgm Tndhfrx

Evmmgzb Gygzb+ Rlf Gygzb

zfdnikhtft lht phnkffzhki ynz`

nk dgzjnlxbzgrf gkb fksxef

pznrfhkt- gkb gmtn gd`knymfbift

rlf dneefzdhgm pnrfkrhgm na rlht

ynz`+

Rlf Evmmgzb Gygzb ht egbf

gkkvgmmx jx rlf Dnvkdhm na rlf

Znxgm Tndhfrx rn gk hkbhqhbvgm

yln lgt gk nvrtrgkbhki

gdgbfehd zfdnzb hk gkx gzfg

na kgrvzgm tdhfkdf- fkihkffzhki

nz rfdlknmnix gkb ylntf ynz`

ht dvzzfkrmx eg`hki nz lgt rlf

pnrfkrhgm rn eg`f g dnkrzhjvrhnk

rn kgrhnkgm pzntpfzhrx hk rlf

Vkhrfb @hkibne na Izfgr

Jzhrghk gkb Knzrlfzk Hzfmgkb+

Hr dnkthtrt na g thmqfz ihmr efbgm-

g pzhsf na ¤:-??? gkb g rzgqfm.

dnkafzfkdf izgkr na vp rn

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Azfbfzh` qnk Zntfk

yhkt Rfdlknt

Hkrfzkgrhnkgm _zhsf

Nk Rvftbgx :7 Afjzvgzx :??1

Azfbfzh` qnk Zntfk- g kgm xfgz

Lhtrnzx gkb _nmhrhdt trvbfkr- ygt

gygzbfb rlf Rfdlknt _zhsf anz

:??6+ Eg`hki rlf pzftfkrgrhnkygt Bz+ Izglge Theptnk na

rlf N|anzb Fkimhtl Dfkrzf-

yln ygt zfpzftfkrhki Bz @fkch

Rgkg`g- na rlf Rgkg`g Hmvfh`gh

Fbvdgrhnkgm Rzvtr+ Hk zftpnktf-

rlf _fejzn`f _zhsf yhmm jf

gygzbfb rn g mfgbhki trvbfkr

gr Rfdlknt Dnmmfif hk Rn`xn

gr rlfhz npfkhki dfzfenkx hk

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Hkhrhgrfb hk 7881- rlf Rfdlknt

_zhsf vtfb rn jf gygzbfb fgdl

xfgz rn gk nvrtrgkbhki trvbfkr

na Cgpgkftf trvbhft+ Lnyfqfz-

thkdf :??2- rlf tdnpf lgt jffk

f|pgkbfb rn hkdmvbf gkx kgmxfgz _fejzn`f trvbfkr yln

lgt bfenktrzgrfb ”nvrtrgkbhki

gdgbfehd pfzanzegkdf gkb

dneehrefkr rn rlf dgvtf na

hkrfzkgrhnkgm vkbfztrgkbhki―+

Yf gmm f|rfkb nvz thkdfzf

dnkizgrvmgrhnkt rn Azfbfzh`+

Bz Izglge Theptnk pzftfkrhki rlf pzhsf rn Azfbfzh`



_fejzn`hgk Gpzhm ??1 yy+pejOn|+gd+v` 4

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Yftr Thbf Trnzx yhrl Izfgtf-

rn jf pfzanzefb bvzhki “Gzrt

Yff`‘+ Nkdf gighk rlf Lgmm

yhmm jf rzgktanzefb hkrn g

rlfgrzf- gkb bvf rn bfegkb

anz rhd`frt f|dffbhki tvppmx

mgtr xfgz- rlfzf yhmm jf rlzff

fqfkhki pfzanzegkdft gkb ryn

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f|dhrhki evthdgm- gkb rlf dgtr

gzf zfgmmx fkcnxhki zflfgztgmt+

Rlf trgif pmgx ht zfazftlhkimx

bhaafzfkr azne rlf me yhrl

g tmhilrmx bgz`fz gkb bffpfz

tdzhpr- jvr rlfzf gzf fknvilagehmhgz tnkit rn fktvzf rlgr

rlf tlny yhmm jf rzfefkbnvt

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ghehki rn gqnhb

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trfzfnrxpft gkb

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Rlf dgtr dnkrghkt

tnef na rlf

entr rgmfkrfb

gdrnzt- thkifzt

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_fejzn`f jhgt- gkb hkdmvbft

Tge @gpmgk- gk Gefzhdgk

qhthrhki trvbfkr- yln dgk

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gddfkr+

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Yfbkftbgx 7?-Rlvztbgx 77 !

Azhbgx 7: Egx- yhrl egrhkfft

gr 7+4?pe nk Rlvztbgx 77! Azhbgx 7:+ Rhd`frt yhmm jf

gqghmgjmf anz tgmf azne yyy+

n|anzbizfgtf+dn+v` nz jx

dnkrgdrhki rlf Bfqfmnpefkr

Nadf++ Rlf dntr yhmm jf ¤1-

¤7? gkb ¤7: anz rlf fqfkhki

pfzanzegkdft gkb ¤7? gkb ¤1

anz rlf egrhkfft+

_fejzn`f

gmvekvt yhkt

Znxgm Gdgbfex na

Fkihkffzhki Gygzb

Hk :??6 _frfz Khjmfrr ,7899(

azne HJE V@ Mrb ygt lnknvzfb

rn zfdfhqf rlf pzftrhihnvt Znxgm

Gdgbfex na Fkihkffzhki

EgdZnjfzr Gygzb+

_frfz gkb rlf nrlfz anvz

efejfzt na lht rfge zfdfhqfb

rlf EgdZnjfzr Inmb Efbgm gkb

¤6?-??? pzhsf hk Mnkbnk azne

LZL _zhkdf _lhmmhp- Bv`f na

Fbhkjvzil+

Rlf hkknqgrhnk anz ylhdl rlf

pzhsf ygt gygzbfb ygt izgkrfb

ht g dzvdhgm dnepnkfkr anz rlf

dnepvrhki hkazgtrzvdrvzf na

egkx rnp dnepgkhft+ Vtfb jxrnp imnjgm jgk`t- YfjTplfzf

EW tnarygzf lgt rzgktanzefb

f%dneefzdf- gmmnyhki bgrg

rzgktafzt gdzntt dnepvrfz

txtrfet yhrlnvr rlf kffb anz

dvtrne dnbhki+

Rlht ht rlf ztr rhef g

pvzf tnarygzf fkihkffzhki

gdlhfqfefkr lgt jffk gygzbfb

rlf pzhsf- ylhdl zfdnikhtft

rlf tvddfttavm bfqfmnpefkr

na hkknqgrhqf hbfgt hkfkihkffzhki+

Yfmm bnkf _frfz gkb rlf rfge'

G dlnzvt zflfgztgm

Bgkkx gkb Tgkbx yhrl rlf Evthdgm gkb Gtthtrgkr Evthdgm Bhzfdrnzt



2 _fejzn`hgk Gpzhm ??1 yyy+pejOn|+gd+v`

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Hk Jzhfa

Dgmmhki gmm anzefz

efejfzt na rlf Rfgtfm

Dmvj

Ynvmb anzefz efejfzt

na rlf Rfgtfm Dmvj pmfgtf

ifr hk rnvdl yhrl rlf

Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf- qhg

bfqfmnpefkrOpej+n|+gd+

v`+ Anzefz gmvekh gzf

mnn`hki rn nzigkhtf tndhfrx

zfvkhnkt hk rlf Dnmmfif gkb

gzf gmtn qfzx hkrfzftrfb hk

gkx dnphft na rlf Tndhfrx

Zvmft nz Ehkvrft na TndhfrxEffrhkit rlgr anzefz

efejfzt egx pnttftt+

ADN gppnhkrt kfy

_fzegkfkr Tfdzfrgzx

_fejzn`f gmvekvt Thz

_frfz Zhd`frrt ,7897( lgt

jffk kgefb gt rlf kfy

_fzegkfkr Vkbfz Tfdzfrgzxgr rlf Anzfhik gkb

Dneenkyfgmrl Nadf+ Lf

lgt tvddfbfb Thz Ehdlgfm

Cgx- yln yhmm jf zfrhzhki azne

rlf Bhpmnegrhd Tfzqhdf hk

Cvmx+

Rlf _fzegkfkr Vkbfz

Tfdzfrgzx gkb Lfgb na rlf

Bhpmnegrhd Tfzqhdf ht rlf

tfkhnz anzfhik pnmhdx gbqhtfz rn rlf Anzfhik Tfdzfrgzx-

gkb zftpnkthjmf anz rlf

egkifefkr na rlf ADN hk

Mnkbnk gkb hrt Fejgtthft

gkb Lhil Dneehtthnkt hk

722 dnvkrzhft gznvkb rlf

ynzmb+

Thz _frfz ht dvzzfkrmx

rlf V@‘t _fzegkfkr

Zfpzftfkrgrhqf rn KGRN+Lf yhmm rg`f vp lht kfy pntr

hk Cvmx+ Dnkizgrvmgrhnkt'

Bnvjmf Lfgbfz Vpbgrf

Bhd` Yhmmhgetnk ,786:( zfpnzrt

rlgr lht lnztf- Bnvjmf Lfgbfz-

ht nk rlf thbfmhkft anmmnyhki gk

hkcvzx gkb egx knr zgdf gighkvkrhm rlf tpzhki na :??9+

”Bnvjmf Lfgbfz lgb g qfzx

tvddfttavm tfgtnk nqfz lvzbmft

hk :??2.?6+ Nvr na khkf trgzrt

lf ynk nkdf- ygt tfdnkb nkdf

gkb rlhzb nk ryn nddgthnkt+ Lf

kfqfz zgk g pnnz zgdf gkb rlf

dvr na rlf pzhsf enkfx ylhdl

lf fgzkfb anz rlf Dnmmfif

genvkrfb rn ¤4-296+

Rlht tfgtnk lf jfigk

trffpmfdlgthki jvr- garfz g

dnvpmf na pnnz zvkt- ygt pvr

jgd` rn lvzbmhki+ Gighk lf zgk

jgbmx gkb hr ygt anvkb rlgr lf

lgb hkcvzfb g rfkbnk+ Lf lgt

zftpnkbfb yfmm rn rzfgrefkr+―

_fejzn`f gmvekg

kgefb nkf na Kfy

Ynegk‘t Ynefk na rlf Xfgz

Kgneh Jnyegk ,:??7( lgt

jffk kgefb gt nkf na Kfy

Ynegk‘t Ynefk na rlf Xfgz+

Fgdl xfgz rlf egigshkf- ylhdl

lgt g enkrlmx dhzdvmgrhnk na

:9?-???- knehkgrft xnvki

ynefk yln lgqf hktphzfb

nz enqfb rlf cvbift jx rlfhz dnvzgif nz jzgqfzx+

Kgneh ygt nk rlf Rlgh htmgkb

na @nl _lh _lh ylfk rlf Gthgk

Rtvkgeh lhr nk Jn|hki Bgx

:??2- gkb tlf ygt mfar tfzhnvtmx

hkcvzfb+ Garfz rlf Rtvkgeh

trzvd` rlf htmgkb- Kgneh ygt

mfar trzgkbfb hkthbf g bftrznxfb

zftrgvzgkr anz gjnvr ryn lnvzt

jfanzf tlf egkgifb rn dzgym

nvr gkb kb lfmp+

Bftphrf lfz hkcvzhft dgvthki

lfz plxthdgm gkb fenrhnkgm pghk- tlf zfrvzkfb rn Dnmmfif

gkb dnepmfrfb lfz bfizff

hk Egrlfegrhdt- ylhmtr gmtn

zghthki enzf rlgk ¤74-??? anz

rlf Rtvkgeh Gppfgm+

Kgneh lgt thkdf zfrvzkfb rn

rlf htmgkb rn qnmvkrffz anz

“Lh_lh_lh‘- g mndgm nzigkhtgrhnk

hkqnmqfb hk rlf zfdnktrzvdrhnk

pzndftt+ Ylhmtr rlfzf zfeghktevdl rn bn nk rlf htmgkb-

Kgneh ht hepzfttfb jx pznizftt

egbf tn agz- dneefkrhki- ”Rlf

htmgkb ht jfihkkhki rn rg`f dgzf

na hrtfma gighk+― Lnyfqfz- tlf

ht evdl enzf enbftr ylfk hr

dneft rn lfz nyk gdlhfqfefkrt

gkb trgrft- ”Hr tffet g mhrrmf nbb

rn jf tlnzr%mhtrfb anz ynegk na

rlf xfgz+―

_fejzn`f Izgbvgrf

fmfdrfb Afmmny na Gmm

Tnvmt

_fejzn`f Mgy Izgbvgrf Azgtfz

Dgepjfmm ,:???( lgt jffk

fmfdrfb rn g _zhsf Afmmnytlhp gr

Gmm Tnvmt Dnmmfif- N|anzb+

Gmm Tnvmt Dnmmfif gygzbt vp

rn ryn _zhsf Afmmnytlhpt g

xfgz+ Rlf Afmmnytlhp ht anz

tfqfk xfgzt- gkb naafzt g tgmgzx-

gddneenbgrhnk hk Dnmmfif gkb

tvppnzr anz zftfgzdl+

Azgtfz dneefkrt- ”H mnn`

anzygzb rn zfrvzkhki rn N|anzb

nk g zfivmgz jgtht- hkdmvbhki

qhthrt rn gmm na rlntf hk _fejzn`fyln yfzf tn tvppnzrhqf na ef

gt gk vkbfzizgbvgrf+―




KFYT

Tfkgrnz Mvigz tpfg`t

gr Avmjzhilr Dfkrfkgzx

Dfmfjzgrhnkt

Rn egz` rlf 7??rl Gkkhqfztgzx

na Tfkgrnz Yhmmhge Avmjzhilr‘t jhzrl hk Knqfejfz :??6 Tfkgrnz

Zhdlgzb Mvigz ,7862( tpn`f hk

rlf Bgenk Yfmmt Dlgpfm+ Rlftf

zfegz`t yfzf tvjtfwvfkrmx

pvjmhtlfb hk rlf Dnkizftthnkgm

Zfdnzb- rlf nadhgm zfdnzb na

rlf pzndffbhkit gkb bfjgrft na

rlf Vkhrfb Trgrft Dnkizftt+

Bvzhki lht tpffdl- Tfkgrnz

Mvigz tpn`f fmnwvfkrmx na lht qhthnk anz V+T+ anzfhik

pnmhdx+ ”Rn tvzqhqf gkb pzntpfz

hk rlht dfkrvzx- rlf Vkhrfb Trgrft

evtr gtthik V+T+ fdnknehd

gkb bhpmnegrhd dgpgjhmhrhft rlf

tgef trzgrfihd pzhnzhrx rlgr yf

gtthik rn ehmhrgzx dgpgjhmhrhft+

Yf evtr dneehr nvztfmqft rn

rlf pghktrg`hki ynz` na anzfhik

pnmhdx bgx jx bgx gkb xfgz rn

xfgz+ Yf evtr dneehr nvztfmqft

rn g tvtrghkfb pznizge na

zfpghzhki gkb jvhmbhki gmmhgkdft-

f|pgkbhki rzgbf- ilrhki

bhtfgtf- pvztvhki zftnmvrhnkt

rn zfihnkgm dnkhdrt- antrfzhki

gkb tvppnzrhki bfendzgdx

gkb bfqfmnpefkr ynzmbyhbf-dnkrznmmhki yfgpnkt na egtt

bftrzvdrhnk- gkb f|pmghkhki

nvztfmqft rn rlf ynzmb+―

Lf gmtn bhtdvttfb rlf pznanvkb

hkvfkdf lht rhef gr _fejzn`f

lgb nk lht mgrfz mhaf gkb dgzffz+

”H bhtdnqfzfb rlf f|rzgnzbhkgzx

dlgmmfkift gkb nppnzrvkhrhft

na hkrfzkgrhnkgm fbvdgrhnk

gr _fejzn`f Dnmmfif — ex

ztr rzhp nvrthbf na rlf Vkhrfb

Trgrft+ Rlf pgzgefrfzt na

ex hegihkgrhnk f|pgkbfb

fknzenvtmx bvzhki rlht rhef-

gt H ighkfb g tfktf na lny

mgzif rlf ynzmb ygt- lny egkx

rgmfkrfb pfnpmf rlfzf yfzf- gkb

lny egkx nppnzrvkhrhft nkf

dnvmb fejzgdf+―

Ha xnv ynvmb mh`f rn zfgbTfkgrnz Mvigz‘t tpffdl- hr

dgk jf qhfyfb qhg rlf Dnmmfif

yfjthrf gr yyy+pej+n|+gd+v`.

pfejzn`f^dnmmfif.mgrftrkfyt+

lrem+

G zfpnzr nk rlf dfmfjzgrhnkt

dgk jf anvkb nk rlf fqfkrt

pgif rnygzbt rlf jgd` na rlht

egigshkf+

Tfkgrnz Mvigz tpfg`hki gr rlf fqfkr

Rlf Bgenk Yfmmt Dlgpfm phdrvzfb bvzhki Tfkgrnz Mvigz‘t tpffdl

Rlf Jzhrhtl Gdgbfex-

ftrgjmhtlfb jx Znxgm Dlgzrfz hk

78?:- ht rlf kgrhnkgm gdgbfex

anz rlf lvegkhrhft gkb rlf tndhgm

tdhfkdft+ Hr ht gk hkbfpfkbfkr-

tfma%inqfzkhki afmmnytlhp na

enzf rlgk <?? tdlnmgzt- fmfdrfb

anz bhtrhkdrhnk gkb gdlhfqfefkrhk nkf nz enzf jzgkdlft na rlf

gdgbfehd bhtdhpmhkft rlgr eg`f

vp rlf lvegkhrhft gkb tndhgm

tdhfkdft+

_znafttnz Dgpp rfgdlft Lhtrnzx

gr rlf Vkhqfzthrx na Ygzyhd`+

Nvz ygzeftr dnkizgrvmgrhnkt

in rn lhe nk rlht pzftrhihnvt

gdlhfqfefkr+

Anzefz _fejzn`f

trvbfkr fmfdrfb rn rlf

Jzhrhtl Gdgbfex

_znafttnz Jfzkgzb Dgpp- yln

dgef vp rn _fejzn`f hk 781:

rn trvbx Lhtrnzx- lgt jffkfmfdrfb g Afmmny na rlf Jzhrhtl

Gdgbfex+




KFYTKFYT

_fejzn`f Tndhfrx

Rlf avrvzf na rlf

_fejzn`f Tndhfrx

Rlf Zvmft na rlf Tndhfrx

trgrf hrt njcfdrt rn jf3%

rn `ffp _fejzn`f

efk gkb ynefk hk rnvdl

yhrl rlf Dnmmfif gkb nkf

gknrlfz0

rn dhzdvmgrf kfyt

na hkrfzftr rn efejfzt-

ftpfdhgmmx zfigzbhki avrvzfbfqfmnpefkrt0

rn pznenrf rlf

yfmagzf na rlf Dnmmfif0

rn fkgjmf _fejzn`f

efk gkb ynefk rn pmgdf

rlfhz `knymfbif- f|pfzhfkdf

gkb rlfhz hkrfzftr gr rlf

bhtpntgm na rlntf Afmmnyt

yln rg`f nk gbbhrhnkgmzftpnkthjhmhrhft+

Gr hrt mgtr effrhki- rlf

Tndhfrx Dneehrrff knrfb

rlgr fqfzx nkf na rlftf

njcfdrt gkb rlf gdrhqhrhft

gzhthki azne rlfe yfzf kny

pfzanzefb gkb gzzgkifb jx

rlf Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf gkb

pghb anz jx rlf Dnmmfif+

Rlfzfanzf- ylgr tlnvmb

rlf znmf na rlf Tndhfrx

kny jf- pgzrhdvmgzmx yhrl

zfigzb rn rlf dzfgrhnk gkb

bfqfmnpefkr na rlf kfy

Xfgz Iznvp Mfgbfz ,XIM(

iznvp>

Xnvz qhfyt nk rlht gzf

fgzkftrmx tnvilr+ _mfgtf

yzhrf rn rlf Tfdzfrgzx na rlf _fejzn`f Tndhfrx- Chmm

Ygm`fz- d.n rlf Dnmmfif+

g+

j+

d+

b+

7816%78193 2? Xfgzt

Nk

Nk Tgrvzbgx : Tfprfejfz :??1-

rlf Dnmmfif yhmm lntr g 2?%xfgz

zfvkhnk fqfkr anz rlntf ylnegrzhdvmgrfb hk rlf xfgzt 7816-

7811 gkb 7819+ Gmm gmvekh

azne rlftf egrzhdvmgrhnk xfgzt

yhmm jf hkqhrfb rn rlf fqfkr-

gmnki yhrl rlfhz pgzrkfzt+ Hr yhmm

jf g bgxrhef fqfkr yhrl g jvaafr

mvkdl gkb gk nprhnkgm bhkkfz hk

rlf fqfkhki+ Gddneenbgrhnk

yhmm jf gqghmgjmf anz rlntf yln

zfwvhzf hr+ Rlht ht knr g Igvbx-

jvr zgrlfz g qfzx hkanzegm gkb pgzrhdhpgrhqf ygx rn egz` gk

hepnzrgkr gkkhqfztgzx+

Bvzhki rlf bgx rlfzf yhmm jf g

lntr na avk gdrhqhrhft nk naafz-

hkdmvbhki rnvzt na N|anzb gkb

rlf Dnmmfif- dznwvfr nk rlf

mgyk- g zhqfzjngr dzvhtf gkb

nmb plnrn bhtpmgxt+ Rlht mhtr ht

knr f|lgvtrhqf gkb yf gzf npfk

rn tviiftrhnkt — tn pmfgtf mfr

vt `kny xnvz hbfgt' Yf gmtn

pmgk rn lgqf g pznaftthnkgm

plnrnizgplfz nk lgkb rn zf%

rg`f xfgz iznvp plnrnt- gkb rn

jf gqghmgjmf anz gkx nrlfz iznvp

nz hkbhqhbvgm plnrnt xnv egx

yhtl rn zfwvftr+

Anzegm hkqhrgrhnkt yhmm jf tfkr

nvr mgrfz hk rlf xfgz- jvr vkrhm

rlfk pmfgtf tgqf rlf bgrf anz

ylgr pznehtft rn jf g avk%mmfb

bgx ,gkb khilr(+ Bnk‘r ehtt

hr' Anz avzrlfz hkanzegrhnk-

pmfgtf dnkrgdr @hztrx Zgegif

hk rlf Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf+ qhg

`hztrx+zgegifOpej+n|+gd+v`

nz nk ,?7<16( :<1?<?+

Anzefz _fejzn`f

mfdrvzfz pvjmhtlft lhtztr knqfm

Bz Jzhgk Egzrhk- yln rgvilr

F k i m h t l

Mgkivgif gkb

Mhrfzgrvzf gr

_ f e j z n ` f

azne 7891

rn 78<4- ht

bfmhilrfb rn

jf pvjmhtlhkilht ztr knqfm-

Knzrl gr rlf

gif na 1<+

Hk gbbhrhnk

rn lht rhef gr

_fejzn`f- Bz

Egzrhk ygt gmtn

Lfgb na Fkimhtl

gr Egibgmfk

Dnmmfif Tdlnnm anz 2? xfgzt+

Ylhmtr rlht ht lht ztr knqfm rn

jf pvjmhtlfb- Bz Egzrhk lgt

pzfqhnvtmx yzhrrfk gkb fbhrfb

gdgbfehd jnn`t+ Lf lgt gmtn

zfqhfyfb dnkrfepnzgzx knqfmt

anz enzf rlgk 4? xfgzt hk rlf

kgrhnkgm pzftt- hkdmvbhki Rlf

Tpfdrgrnz- Rlf

Rheft Mhrfzgzx

Tvppmfefkr- Rlf

Ahkgkdhgm Rheft

gkb Rlf Mhrfzgzx

Zfqhfy+ Hk rlf

Wvffk‘t Jhzrlbgx

Lnknvzt na :??:-lf ygt gppnhkrfb

EJF anz tfzqhdft

rn Fkimhtl

Mhrfzgrvzf+

“Knzrl‘ ht jfhki

pvjmhtlfb hk

lgzbjgd` jx

Egdehmmgk gkb yhmm

jf gqghmgjmf anz tgmf

azne 9 Gpzhm :??1+ Fqfzxnkf gr_fejzn`f yhtlft Jzhgk rlf jftr

na mvd` yhrl rlht kfy qfkrvzf+

Jzhgk Egzrhk




T_NZRHKI KFYT

Zvijx3 Nmb _fejzn`hgkt qt _fejzn`fCfzfex Jgzrnthg`%Cfkrxt- Hgk Izglge ! Egz` Tgxfz

Egkx mnki enkrlt na lgzb

ynz` kgmmx dgef rn azvhrhnk

ylfk- nk 7: Knqfejfz :??6- Nmb_fejzn`hgkt ZVAD ygt jznvilr

hkrn f|htrfkdf+

Gt egrdl bgx gzzhqfb- rlf

Nmb _fejzn`hgkt tdnzfb rlf

ztr ptxdlnmnihdgm pnhkrt jx

dneegkbffzhki rlf lnef bzftthki

znne+ _mgxfz.Dngdl Jfk Zhrdlhf

,7888( rlfk mfb rlf rfge rlznvil g

lhil%hkrfkthrx ygze vp- ylhdl mfar

rlf egcnzhrx na rlf rfge trzviimhki

anz jzfgrl % bvf knr rn f|lgvtrhnk- jvr vkdnkrznmmgjmf mgvilrfz'

Rlf Dnmmfif ynk rlf rntt gkb

fmfdrfb rn `hd` naa+ Hgk Izglge

,788<( dnmmfdrfb rlf jgmm dmfgkmx

azne rlf `hd` naa gkb lgqhki

zfdxdmfb rlf jgmm yhrlnvr bzgeg-

Nmb _fejzn`hgkt x lgma Bne

Lgeenkb‘t ,:??:( dmfgzhki `hd`

ygt dlgzifb bnyk rn zftvmr hk rlf

thepmftr na rzhft anz rlf Dnmmfif

t`hppfz Izfi Tpfkdfz ,:??2(+Dlzht Nyfk ,:??2( tvddftttavmmx

dnkqfzrfb- ihqhki rlf Dnmmfif gk

fgzmx 9%? mfgb+

Rlf Nmb Jnxt‘ zftpnktf ygt

rfzzhd+ Dgprghk Cfzfex Jgzrnthg`%

Cfkrxt ,:???( mfb azne rlf aznkr-

pvrrhki hk g lhr rlgr zftvmrfb hk g

rvzknqfz gkb vmrhegrfmx g pfkgmrx

anz lht rfge+ Bftphrf Lgeenkbt

`hd` gr ingm jfhki vktvddfttavm-

rlf rnkf anz rlf igef lgb jffk tfr+Mhilrhki%agtr zvd`hki azne rlf Nmb

Jnxt gk`fzt Egz` Tgxfz ,7888(

gkb Egzd Jvmmnd` ,7889( dnvpmfb

yhrl tyhar tfzqhdf jx tdzve lgma

Yhmm ”Dnmnkfm― Izharlt ,7888(-

gmmnyfb yhki Gmf| Lfts ,:??7(

rn dzntt rlf mhkf hk rlf dnzkfz+

Lgeenkb‘t tvddfttavm dnkqfzthnk

zftrnzfb pgzhrx rn rlf tdnzfjngzb+

Rlf Nmb Jnxt‘ bnehkgkdf na rlf

npfkhki pfzhnb zftvmrfb hk gknrlfz tdnzf- gt Gbge Lvkrfz rnvdlfb

bnyk vkbfz rlf pntrt+ Lgeenkb

ygt gighk gddvzgrf hk gbbhki rlf

f|rzg ryn pnhkrt+

G kgtrx hkcvzx rn

Dnmmfif :kb Zny EgrrMfft ,:??:( zfbvdfb rlf

dnmmfif rfge rn 72+ Hk g

tpnzrhki gdr- Nmb Jnxt‘

yhki Mv`f Egrrlfyt

,:???(- yln lgb lhetfma

jffk tvjjfb fgzmhfz bvf

rn g tmhilr ̀ kff trzghk- gizffb

rn pmgx anz rlf Dnmmfif+

Ahrkftt lgb gmygxt jffk g dnkdfzk

anz rlf Nmb Jnxt gkb rlht pznqfb

cvtrhfb gt rlf ztr 2? ehkvrftbzfy rn g dmntf+ G pfkgmrx rlfk tgy

Nyfk zfbvdf rlf Dnmmfif‘t bfdhr

rn nkmx anvz pnhkrt+

Rlf evdl%kffbfb zftr gr lgma rhef

zfcvqfkgrfb rlf Nmb Jnxt gkb rlfx

trgzrfb rlf tfdnkb lgma jzhilrmx+

Fgzmx pnttftthnk hk rlf Dnmmfif

lgma na rlf fmb tgy rlf Nmb Jnxt

yhrl g mhkf nvr qf efrzft azne

rlf rzx mhkf+ Bgk Cfgqnkt ,:??7(-

anvkb lht cvepfz+ Fbbx Anzetrnkf

,7888( jznvilr rlf jgmm rn iznvkb

tgafmx- yhrl Zhdl _hkd`kfx ,7888(

gkb Hgk _zhftr ,Jfgtr( pznqhbhki

rlf bzhqf rlgr gmmnyfb Tgxfz rn

rnvdl bnyk gr rlf jgd` na rlf

egvm+ Rlf Dnmmfif yfzf rn agmm 7?%

:2 jflhkb hk rlf qfzx kf|r grrgd`

ylfk- yhrl mhrrmf tpgdf gkb fqfk

mftt rhef Lgeenkb bhk`fb nqfz

rlf entr bfmhdgrf na bznp ingmt+

Rlfk dgef rlf igef‘t entr

dnkrznqfzthgm enefkr3 rlf Dnmmfif

yfzf gygzbfb g pfkgmrx nk rlfhz

nyk ryfkrx ryn+ G wvhd` rgp tgy

rlf Nmb Jnxt‘ bfafkdf tdzgejmhki+

Knrhdhki rlf thrvgrhnk mnn`fb

jmfg`- Tgxfz dxkhdgmmx jznvilr rlf

nk%zvtlhki egk rn iznvkb- yhrlnvr

lgqhki zfrzfgrfb rlf zfwvhzfb 7?

efrzft+ Rlf zfafzff lgb kn nprhnk

jvr rn tlny rlf xfmmny dgzb-

zfbvdhki rlf Nmb Jnxt rn 72 efkanz rfk ehkvrft+

Rlf Dnmmfif trzviimfb rn rg`f

gbqgkrgif na rlf f|rzg egk gkb

hr ygt gdrvgmmx rlf Nmb Jnxt rlgr

gbbfb rn rlfhz tdnzf- yhrl Cfgqnkt

dzntthki azne 7? xgzbt nvr rn jvhmb

vp g tffehkimx vkgttghmgjmf mfgb

na 78 pnhkrt+

_fejzn`f‘t zvijx pmgxfzt lgqf

jffk hk innb anze rlht xfgz

gkb rlf Dnmmfif ygt knr inhki

bnyk yhrlnvr g ilr+ F|pgkthqf

pmgx azne rlf Dnmmfif jgd`mhkf

dnvpmfb yhrl tnef f|dfmmfkr mhkft

na zvkkhki tgy rlf yhki lfmb

cvtr tlnzr+ Yhrl rlf Nmb Jnxt

bfafkthqf mhkf trzfrdlfb Yhmmhge

Trfjjhki ,:??4( pmnvilfb nqfz

azne dmntf zgkif+ Nyfk dnkqfzrfb

dneanzrgjmx eghkrghkhki lht 7??&

zfdnzb yhrl rlf jnnr+

Lnyfqfz- hr ygt rlf Nmb Jnxt yln

yfzf rn lgqf rlf mgtr tdnzf na rlf

igef+ Yhrl qf ehkvrft mfar nk

rlf dmnd` gkb rlf igef jfdnehki

enzf npfk- x lgma Lgeenkb thbf

trfppfb lht rgd`mfz- tlnyhki izfgr

pgdf rn tdnzf vkdlgmmfkifb+

Ahkgm tdnzf3 _fejzn`f Dnmmfif 79-

Nmb _fejzn`hgkt 42+

Rlf dneehrrff rlgk`t rlf Dnmmfif

gkb _DZVAD anz Tg dnepfrhrhqf

igef- gkb gmm rlntf yln dgef rn

tvppnzr+ Tpfdhgm efkrhnk evtr in

rn Gmf| Anzetrnkf ,7888( yln lgb

jffk hktrzvefkrgm hk gzzgkihki rlf

|rvzf jvr ygt vkgjmf rn pmgx bvf

rn gk hkcvzx phd`fb vp 2< lnvzt

pzhnz rn rlf igef+Ha xnv ynvmb mh`f rn kb nvr enzf

gjnvr Nmb _fejzn`hgkt- feghm

nmbpfejzn`hgktOieghm+dne+

Rlf Nmb _fejzn`hgkt Rfge



< _fejzn`hgk Gpzhm ??1 yyy+pejOn|+gd+v`

T_NZRHKI KFYT

_fejzn`f Dmghet Dvppfzt _zhsfEgrrlfy Jgzzfrr ,:??2(

_

fejzn`f lgb g tpfdrgdvmgz

:??2%6 hk rlf tpnzrhki

bfpgzrefkr+ Rzhveplgkr hk

Dvppfzt gdzntt g ylnmf zgkif na

tpnzrt- _fejzn`f yfzf jx agz gkb

gygx rlf trgkb%nvr pfzanzefzt nk

rlf dnmmfif tdfkf+ Gegtthki 1

qhdrnzhft- gkb zfgdlhki g rnrgm na 7?

tfeh kgmt- gt yfmm gt pfzanzehki

yfmm nk rlf zhqfz- _fejzn`f lgb

fqfzx zfgtnk rn dfmfjzgrf rlf

thmqfzygzf hr zfdfhqfb azne rlf

Tpnzrt Afbfzgrhnk rn dneefkb

tvdl g bnehkgkr xfgz+

Rlf ztr egcnz tvddftt dgef

ehbygx rlznvil Lhmgzx rfze yhrl

rlf yhkkhki na Efk‘t Lnd`fx

Dvppfzt+ Zhqgmt

Dlzhtr Dlvzdl yfzf

tnvkbmx bfafgrfb 4%

7 hk rlf kgm+ Rne

Jvmmnd` npfkfb rlf

tdnzhki gighktr rlf

zvk na pmgx+ Hkbffb g

bfrfzehkbfb DlzhtrDlvzdl yfzf tnnk

rn fwvgmhtf- jvr

Azgeprnk‘t tdnzhki

na ryn bzgi hd`t hk

rlf tfdnkb lgma ygt

vmrhegrfmx rn pznqhbf

rlf bhaafzfkdf

jfryffk rlf thbft

hk g igef ylfzf

_fejzn`f yfzf

hk rlf gtdfkbfkdxanz rlf bvzgrhnk na

rlf tfdnkb lgma+ Rlf nqfzzhbhki

agdrnz hk rlf rfge‘t tvddftt ygt

rlf f|dfmmfkr dnlfthnk jfryffk

rlf mfgivf pmgxfzt gkb rlf anvz

zfrvzkhki Jmvft pmgxfzt+ Rlf twvgb

ynvmb mh`f rn rlgk` dgprghk Nyfk

Bgqhft ,:??:( anz lht f|dfmmfkr

nzigkhtgrhnk gkb mfgbfztlhp+

Rlf Efk‘t Annrjgmm 7tr \7- jvnxfb

jx rlfhz 7tr

Bhqhthnk dlgephnktlhp-yfzf vkmvd`x knr rn anmmny rlf

Lnd`fx pmgxfzt hk rlfhz grrfeprt rn

tfdvzf Dvppfzt imnzx+ Garfz tffhki

naa _zfehfztlhp nvrrt @fjmf ,6%7(

gkb g trznki Tr+ Dgrs rfge ,6%4( hk

rlf fgzmx znvkbt- Gmf| Qgqgmhbht‘t

,:??4( thbf bhtpntfb na Dlzhtr

Dlvzdl hk rlf wvgzrfzt ,7%?(- jvr

mntr nvr rn tfgtnk gzdl zhqgmt Kfy

,:%7( hk rlf tfeht garfz g izvfmmhki

fkdnvkrfz+ Trgkb nvr pfzanzefzt hk

g tvpfzj tfgtnk yfzf Dlzht Gmbzfb

,:??:(- Jfk Dnmmhfz ,:??:(- Egz`

Lgzzht ,:??7( gkb rlf bfafkthqf

pgzrkfztlhp na Tlgh Izvjfz ,:??2(

gkb Egrrlfy Jgzzfrr ,:??2(+

G rzhn na tfeh%kgmt gmtn fkbfb hk

bhtgppnhkrefkr anz rlf ynefk‘t

dzhd`fr- annrjgmm 6%g%thbf gkb

kfrjgmm rfget+ Garfz tffhki naa rlf

dlgmmfkif na anvz

nrlfz dnmmfift-

rlf annrjgmmfzt

tvddvejfb rn

Tr+Gkkf‘t hk

rlf tfeh kgm-

bftphrf izfgr

p f z a n z e g k d f tazne Cnthf Egz`t

,:??2( gkb @grf

Gbmhkirnk ,:??4(+

Garfz yhkkhki

rlf mfgivf rhrmf-

rlf kfrjgmmfzt

gmtn mntr nvr hk

rlf dvp- gt bhb

rlf dzhd`fr rfge-

ylfzf Mnrrhf

Ygmmfz ,:??4(-Lnmmx Enzigk

,:??4( gkb Lnmmx Lhtdn| ,:??:(

yfzf rlf trgzt+

Rlf eh|fb Mgdznttf rfge- g zfdfkr

gbbhrhnk rn rlf _fejzn`f tpnzrhki

tdfkf- anvkb rlfetfmqft hk rlf

tfeh%kgmt nkmx rn jf jfgrfk jx

zvkgygx dlgephnkt Tr+ Dgrs-

gmrlnvil rlf avrvzf pzntpfdrt na

rlf thbf mnn` rn jf innb+ Rlf

Efk‘t Zvijx thbf- bftphrf jfhki`knd`fb nvr na Dvppfzt- yfkr nk

rn yhk rlf Dvppfzt _mgrf+ Hk g

qfzx dnepfrhrhqf kgm- _fejzn`f

fqfkrvgmmx bfafgrfb Efzrnk.

Egktfmb rn dgp g pznehthki

tfgtnk+

Rlf Ynefk‘t Jgt`frjgmm rfge

feplgrhdgmmx tfdvzfb rlfhz dznyk

jx bfafgrhki Ygblge hk rlf kgm

jx g egtthqf 62%<+ Ihqfk rlf

egzihk na qhdrnzx- g mnr lgt rn jf

tghb anz rlf tnmhb gmm%znvkb rfge

faanzr bhtpmgxfb hk tffhki naa rlf

mh`ft na Wvffkt gkb Jzgtfkntf

jfanzf Ygblge jfdgef rlf mgtr

hk rlfhz mhtr na qhdrhet+ Thepmx

kn nrlfz rfge ygt g egrdl anz

_fejzn`f+ Rlf thbf ygt mfb jx

`fx pfzanzefzt Cnthf Egz`t gkb

Gnhaf Ahrsifzgmb ,:??4(- jgd`fb vp

jzhmmhgkrmx jx _gehkg Jnv ,:??2(

gkb Ch%Tvk Dlnh ,:??2(+ Rlht

tvddftt ygt knr vkpzfdfbfkrfb0 gt

rlht ygt g bfafkdf na rlfhz Dvppfzt

rhrmf rlf pzfqhnvt xfgz- hk ylhdl

Ygblge yfzf gmtn rlf zvkkfzt%

vp- rlnvil rn g evdl tmheefz

egzihk na qhdrnzx rlgk rlht xfgz‘trlzgtlhki+

G rzgbhrhnkgm _fejzn`f trzfkirl

mhft nk rlf zhqfz- gkb bftphrf kn

mnkifz pnttftthki rlf lhtrnzhd

”Bnvjmf Lfgbtlhp―- rlf dvzzfkr

dzfyt gzf hk izfgr tlgpf+ Jnrl

rlf efk‘t gkb ynefk‘t rnp jngrt

khtlfb hk rlhzb pnthrhnk hk rlf

”Tveefz QHHHt―+ Efk‘t dzfy

efejfzt na pgzrhdvmgz knrf yfzf

Gkbzfy Jzfkgk gkb Hgk Enk`+Gkbzfy znyfb gighktr Dgejzhbif

hk rlf Htht dzfy gkb ht zfrvzkhki anz

g tfdnkb cgj gr jnrl Dgejzhbif hk

rlf jngr zgdf gkb Nzhfm ,rlf dzfy

glfgb na vt hk tveefz QHHHt( rlht

tveefz+ Hgk dnepfrfb hk lht 2rl

Tveefz QHHHt dzfy- gkb ht mnn`hki

rn dnepfrf hk rlzff enzf rn tvzfmx

eg`f lhe rlf mnkiftr tfzqhki 7tr

dzfy efejfz+ Rlf Efk‘t dzfy

lgb g innb xfgz enqhki vp 4 pmgdfthk Rnzphbt- ylhmtr hk rlf Tveefz

rlfx yfzf agtrfz rlgk Nzhfm jvr

kfqfz wvhrf egbf rlf jvep+

Rlf Dvppfzt Rznplx




T_NZRHKI KFYT

Rlf ynefk‘t dzfy trgzrfb

”Tveefz QHHHt― yhrl rlf ghe

na zfighkhki rlf Lfgbtlhp naa

Kfy- kffbhki nkmx nkf jvep gt

_fejzn`f trgzrfb tfdnkb nk rlf

zhqfz+ Bftphrf gmentr dgrdlhki

Kfy nk Bgx 7- hr ygt knr rn jf-

gkb Kfy egkgifb rn pzftfzqf rlfhz

pnthrhnk anz Bgx :+ Rlf tfdnkb

bgx zftvmrfb hk g lvif pvtl azne

Rfbbx Lgmm rg`hki rlf _fejzn`f

QHHH jx tvzpzhtf- zftvmrhki hk g qfzx

bftfzqfb jvep jx g lgzb%ynz`hki

gkb t`hmmavm Lgmm dzfy+ _fejzn`f

zfrghkfb 4zb nk rlf zhqfz anz rlf

kgm ryn bgxt- fgthmx afkbhki naa

Dlzhtr Dlvzdl+ Nqfzgmm _fejzn`f

zfrghkfb g trznki pnthrhnk nk rlfzhqfz gkb gzf mnn`hki anzygzb rn

ifrrhki gknrlfz tlnr gr Kfy garfz

rlfx gzf jvepfb rlht xfgz jx

ylgr pznehtft rn jf g qfzx trznki

Rfbbx‘t Dzfy'

Nrlfz Tveefz tvddfttft tgy

_htrnmt imnzx- g kf Qnmmfxjgmm

qhdrnzx- gkb _fejzn`f fefzif

rzhveplgkr hk Vmrhegrf Azhtjff

Dvppfzt+ Lnknzgjmf efkrhnkt

rn Thenk Mff ,:??4(- Mv`f Bhgt,:??4(- Tgrlfftl Cfigkenlgk

,:??2(- Bgk Lnjtrfz ,:??2( gkb

Yhmm EdAgzmgkb ,:??2(+

G kf Tveefz

rfze na tvddftt

ygt egbf gmm

rlf jfrrfz jx

rlf qhdrnzx

na rlf Efk‘t

Dzhd`fr rfge

nqfz Rfbbx Lgmm

hk rlf Dvppfzt

kgm+ Rlf rfge-

vkbfz rlf f|pfzr

dgprghkdx na

Khd` Ygzzhmmny

,:??4(- dzvtlfb

rlfhz nppnkfkrt

jx <4 zvkt rn rg`f rlf rznplx+

_fejzn`f‘t jnymhki gkb fmbhki

bhtpmgx pznqfb dzvdhgm rn rlfhz qhdrnzx+ Rlnegt Jvmmnd` ,:??:(

gkb Tvblhz @zhtlkgtygex ,:??:(

rnn` rlf tpnhmt- jgd`fb vp jx

g trznki jnymhki vkhr na Gbge

Lvkrfz ,:??:(- Egrrlfy Jgzzfrr gkb

Dlzht Nyfk+ Rfbbx Lgmm kfqfz inr

inhki hk zfpmx gkb- garfz tmvephki

rn 28%2- nkmx egbf rzhpmf ivzft

rlgk`t rn mgtr%yhd`fr lfznhdt+ Rlf

zvk rn rlf kgm zfgmmx trnnb nvr hk g

izfgr tfgtnk- tdzgphki pgtr F|frfz hk g mny tdnzhki- yfgrlfz%bhtzvprfb

egrdl- jfanzf pznbvdhki g agkrgtrhd

pfzanzegkdf gighktr evdl%agkdhfb

Tr+ Cnlk‘t hk rlf tfeht+ Lnyfqfz-

rlf zfgm imnzx dgef hk bfafgrhki

Mfgivf dlgephnkt gkb agqnvzhrft

Jgmmhnm hk rlf ztr znvkb+ _fzlgpthr ygt g tlgef rlgr rlf rhf afgrvzhki

rlf jftr ryn dnmmfif thbft ygt

dnkkfb rn g 7tr znvkb fkdnvkrfz-

jvr rlf kghm%jhrhki mgtr%nqfz khtl

pghb rftrgefkr rn g izfgr dnkrftr+

Rlf Dvppfzt zvk gkb rlf nkf%thbfb

qhdrnzx hk rlf _gz`t yfzf izfgr

gdlhfqfefkrt anz g trznki rfge+

Rlf tvddftt na :??2%6 ygt gk

gegshki gmm%znvkb faanzr azne rlf

dnmmfif tpnzrtefk gkb ynefkrlgr tfzqfb rn antrfz _fejzn`f‘t

zfpvrgrhnk gt g lfgqxyfhilr hk

dnmmfif tpnzr+

Rlf qhdrnzhnvt Dvppfzt dzhd`fr rfge

Rnzphbt :??1

Znkgk N‘@fmmxRnzphbt gighk bfenktrzgrfb rlf

trzfkirl na _fejzn`f znyhki-

yhrl rlf Dnmmfif fmbhki th|

dzfyt+ Rlf Efk‘t 7tr QHHH

lgb gknrlfz tvddfttavm xfgz-

dnkrhkvhki rlfhz zhtf vp rlf zhqfz

anmmnyhki rlf :??4 dzgtl- gkb gzf

kny hk anvzrl pmgdf+ Rlfx lgb

anvz bgxt na dmntf dnepfrhrhnk-

yhrl nkf jvep nk F|frfz gkb

rlzff bgxt na rgkrgmhthkimx dmntf

zny%nqfzt jflhkb Kfy Dnmmfif+

Rlfx trgkb hk innb pnthrhnk anz

g dzgd` gr rlf Lfgbtlhp kf|r xfgz

gkb anz gknrlfz dmntf fkdnvkrfz

yhrl Nzhfm rlht tveefz+

Rlf Ynefk‘t 7tr QHHH lgb g

bhadvmr yff`- bnhki yfmm rn lnmb

rlfhz pnthrhnk hk rlf 7tr bhqhthnk+

Lnyfqfz- rlfx trhmm jvepfb jnrl

Kfy Dnmmfif gkb Tnefzqhmmf+ Rlf

Efk‘t :kb QHHH tlnyfb rlf pnrfkrhgm

na nvz knqhdf ngztefk- gdlhfqhki

ryn jvept gkb lnmbhki rlfhz nyk

genkitr nrlfz dnmmfif 7tr QHHHt+

Rlf Ynefk‘t :kb QHHH kgzznymx

ehttfb nvr nk jmgbft+ Rlf Efk‘t

4zb QHHH ynk jmgbft- zfeghkhki rlf

lhilftr 4zb QHHH jx agz+

_ZNVB T_NKTNZ NA _FEJZN@F ZNYHKI



7? _fejzn`hgk Gpzhm ??1 yyy+pejOn|+gd+v`

AFGRVZFT

Rfdlknt Hkrfzkgrhnkgm Yff` :??6Bz Zgplgfm Lgvtfz

F

qfzx xfgz rlf Rgkg`g H`vfh`gh

Fbvdgrhnkgm Rzvtr- rlf Rgkg`g

Efenzhgm Anvkbgrhnk gkb Rfdlknt

Dnmmfif- Rn`xn hkqhrf g iznvp na

trvbfkrt gkb agdvmrx efejfzt

azne tfqfzgm pgzrkfz hktrhrvrhnkt hk

rlf VTG- Kfy Sfgmgkb gkb rlf V@

nk g avmmx pghb- ryn%yff` rzhp rn

Cgpgk+ _fejzn`f Dnmmfif

ht nkf na rlf mvd`x

hktrhrvrhnkt hkqhrfb

rn tfkb g dnkrhkifkr

na anvz trvbfkrt gkb

nkf Afmmny fgdl xfgz+Rfdlknt Hkrfzkgrhnkgm

Yff` ghet rn hkrznbvdf

rlf hkrfzkgrhnkgm

pgzrhdhpgkrt rn

Cgpgkftf mhaf- lhtrnzx

gkb dvmrvzf gkb rn

pznqhbf g azgefynz`

hk ylhdl Cgpgkftf gkb

hkrfzkgrhnkgm trvbfkrt

effr gkb hkrfzgdr

dvmrvzgmmx- mhkivhtrhdgmmxgkb gdgbfehdgmmx+ Rlf

mvd`x pgzrhdhpgkrt na

rlf :??6 _fejzn`f

dnkrhkifkr yfzf Tgmmx

Jgiyfmm ,Lhtrnzx(- Cgeft Lgkbmfx

,Fkimhtl(- Dgrlfzhkf Kfyrnk

,__F(- Tge _grfm ,Fdnknehdt gkb

Egkgifefkr( gkb Zgplgfm Lgvtfz

,Afmmny hk Gppmhfb Egrlfegrhdt(+

Rlf tphzhr na Rfdlknt Hkrfzkgrhnkgm

Yff` dgvilr vt zhilr azne rlfenefkr yf yfzf dnmmfdrfb azne

rlf _nzrfz‘t Mnbif jx pzhqgrf

mhenvthkf rn rg`f vt rn Lfgrlzny+

Nk rlf hilr yf lgb nvz ztr rgtrf

na Cgpgkftf annb- ylhmtr ygrdlhki

rlf fkbmftt f|pgktf na rlf Thjfzhgk

Rghig ngr jx agz jfmny vt+ Hr ygt g

mnki cnvzkfx- jvr gr Kgzhrg Ghzpnzr

yf yfzf yfmdnefb jx g mgzif

iznvp na fkrlvthgtrhd Rfdlknt

trvbfkrt ygqhki git+Yf trgxfb hk g lnrfm hk Rn`xn‘t

Tlhkcv`v bhtrzhdr+ Lfzf yf yfzf

tvzznvkbfb jx t`x tdzgpfzt- kfnk

mhilrt- f|nrhd%annb tefmmt- rzgad

cget- rzghk trgrhnkt- qfkbhki

egdlhkft gkb nadf ynz`fzt

lvzzxhki nk rlfhz ygx rn ynz`+ Hr

ygt gt ha yf lgb jffk rfmfpnzrfb

hkrn g bhaafzfkr ynzmb- ylfzf

fqfzxbgx fzzgkbt tvdl gt jvxhki

rnnrlpgtrf ,ylgr‘t rlf `gkch anz

rnnrlpgtrf>( nz jngzbhki g tvjygx

rzghk ,ge H fqfz inhki rn ifr

jgd`>( jfdgef izfgr gbqfkrvzft+

Tlhkcv`v ht g pmgdf na dnkrzgtr

jfryffk hrt jvtrmf gkb lgtrf- gkb

rlf ngtft na pfgdf gkb rzgkwvhmmhrx

anvkb genkitr rlf igzbfkt- tlzhkft

gkb rfepmft+ Bvzhki rlf rzhp- yf

zfdfhqfb bfrghmfb jzhfat azne

Trfplfk Amfehki- rlf Bhzfdrnz na

Hkrfzkgrhnkgm Zfmgrhnkt- Rgkg`g

H`vfh`gh Fbvdgrhnkgm Rzvtr+

Rfdlknt Dnmmfif lntrfb g

yfmdnef pgzrx rn hkrznbvdf vt

rn rlf hktrhrvrhnk- gkb rn gmmny

rlf trvbfkrt rn effr fgdl nrlfz+

Rfdlknt trvbfkrt pvr nk gkhepzftthqf bhtpmgx na tlnyt

gkb gdrhqhrhft- gkb fgdl na rlf

hkrfzkgrhnkgm iznvpt hkrznbvdfb

rlfetfmqft rn g dlffzhki dznyb+

Rfdlknt Dnmmfif lgt hrt nykenvkrghk zftnzr dgmmfb Ehbnzh Kn

Evzg- dnepmfrf yhrl nktfkt ,lnr

tpzhkit(- tpnzrt agdhmhrhft gkb g

tegmm mg`f+ Rfdlknt gzdlhrfdrvzf

trvbfkrt lgb bfthikfb rlf ivftr

dlgmfrt+ Vtvgmmx- rlftf agdhmhrhft

gzf vtfb anz iznvp%jvhmbhki

f|fzdhtft anz Rfdlknt trvbfkrt+

Yf tpfkr ryn bgxt hk rlht tdfkhd

tfrrhki yhrl rlf Rfdlknt trvbfkrt

gkb agdvmrx efejfzt+ Rlf trgx gr

Ehbnzh Kn Evzg pznqfb hepnzrgkr

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gkb hkrfzkgrhnkgm trvbfkrt+

Rlznvil igeft gkb gdrhqhrhft

rlfx bhtdnqfzfb dneevkhdgrhnk

pznjmfet dgk fgthmx jf nqfzdnef+

Azne Ehbnzh Kn Evzg yf egbf

tfqfzgm f|dvzthnkt rn kfgzjx

pmgdft na lhtrnzhd hepnzrgkdf+

Rlf qhthr rn rlf egtthqf Sfk`nch

Rfepmf hk Kgigkn ygt nkf na rlf

egkx lhilmhilrt na rlf rzhp+ Rlht

trzvdrvzf- ylhdl lgt rlf mgziftr

rlgrdlfb znna hk rlf ynzmb- ht g

Rlf _fejzn`f trvbfkrt gkb Bz Lgvtfz hk rzgbhrhnkgm Cgpgkftf bzftt




AFGRVZFT

jfgvrhavm f|gepmf na rzgbhrhnkgm

Cgpgkftf gzdlhrfdrvzf gkb rlf vtf

na pfzafdr pznpnzrhnkt rn gdlhfqf

g ehkhegmhtr fmfigkdf+ Rlf rfepmf

ht tvzznvkbfb jx hkkvefzgjmf

tegmmfz rfepmft gkb tlzhkft-heegdvmgrfmx bfthikfb igzbfkt-

ihgkr jfmmt gkb hkdfktf jvzkfzt+ G

rzvmx gegshki pmgdf'

Nvz kf|r bftrhkgrhnk ygt rlf tdfkhd

rnyk na Rg`gxgeg- yhrl hrt mgzif

lhtrnzhd dfkrzf- nvrbnnz evtfve

na kgrhnkgm jvhmbhki trxmft- bnsfkt

na nktfkt gkb ,mhrfzgmmx( lvkbzfbt

na rfepmft gkb tlzhkft+ Nk nvz

ygx rlfzf yf egbf g trnp%nqfz hk

rlf envkrghk rnyk na @geh`ndlhgkb lgb mvkdl hk g pfzafdr gmphkf

tfrrhki+ Rlf rnyk ht zfgdlfb

qhg g kgzzny zgqhkf

rlgr fkbt vp hk g pmghk

tvzznvkbfb jx rnyfzhki

tkny%dnqfzfb pfg`t+ Hr

ynvmb jf hepntthjmf rn

bhtrhkivhtl rlht pmgdf

azne gkx na rlf tdfkhd

zftnzrt hk rlf Gmpt- yfzf

hr knr anz rlf pzftfkdf na enk`fxt- yln tvzqhqf rlf

lgztl yhkrfzt jx thrrhki hk

lnr tpzhkit+

Nvz gzzhqgm hk Rg`gxgeg

ygt gk vkanzifrrgjmf

f|pfzhfkdf+ Yf trgxfb

hk g rzgbhrhnkgm gkb qfzx

fmfigkr “zxn`gk‘ ,ivftr

lnvtf( gkb g lvif bzve ygt

tnvkbfb rn gkknvkdf nvz gzzhqgm+

G exzhgb na trgaa rnn` dgzf na fqfknvz tegmmftr kffbt- azne efgtvzhki

rlf dnzzfdr thsf na `henkn anz

vt rn yfgz hkthbf rlf jvhmbhki

gkb pzfpgzhki rfg- rn enqhki

nvz mviigif- gkb rzgktanzehki

rlf znnet azne pzhqgrf trvbhft

hkrn rzgbhrhnkgm

jfbznnet rrfb

yhrl rgrgeh egrt+

Azne Rg`gxgeg yf

yfkr nk rn Kginxg-

anzefz lnef na rlf

Rn`vigyg agehmx-

nkf na rlf entr

hepnzrgkr dmgkt na

Tlnivkt- gkb enzf

zfdfkrmx rlf jgtf

anz rlf Rnxnrg dgz dnepgkx+ Hk

Kginxg yf tgy gknrlfz gtpfdr na

Cgpgk3 rlf rfdlkndzgrhd fdnknehd

tvpfzpnyfz+ Yf qhthrfb rlf YnzmbF|pn gkb rlf Rn`vigyg Evtfve-

gk hepzftthqf bhtpmgx na gzrhagdrt-

avzkhrvzf- cfyfmmfzx- yfgpnkzx gkb

dmnrlft gddvevmgrfb nqfz tfqfzgm

dfkrvzhft+ Ahkgmmx- yf rnn` rlf

Tlhk`gktfk ,jvmmfr rzghk( jgd` rn

Rn`xn+

Rlf tfdnkb yff` na nvz trgx

ygt tpfkr hk Rn`xn+ Nvz trvbfkrt

pgzrhdhpgrfb hk g tfzhft na gdrhqhrhft

gr Rfdlknt Dnmmfif- ylfzf rlfx

ighkfb ztr%lgkb f|pfzhfkdf na

rlf grentplfzf hk g Cgpgkftf dmgtt

znne+ Rlfx dnvmb rg`f mfttnktnk g hilr thevmgrnz0 ynz` nk

rlf qhbfn%fbhrhki jngzb na g RQ

trvbhn0 mfgzk gjnvr Cgpgkftf

bgkdf- bzftt gkb egzrhgm gzrt gkb

evdl enzf+ Rfdlknt Dnmmfif

naafzt eghkmx qndgrhnkgm dnvztft

rlgr rg`f pmgdf hk vkvtvgm tfrrhkit+

Rlfzf gzf dmgttznnet rrfb nvr gt

g lnrfm zfdfprhnk- rlf dgjhk na gk

ghzdzgar nz g jfgvrx tgmnk ylfzftrvbfkrt mfgzk lgkbt%nk t`hmmt hk

rlf zftpfdrhqf pznaftthnkt+ Rlf

dnmmfif gmtn lgt avmmx%fwvhppfb

tnvkb gkb RQ trvbhnt- dnepvrfz

mgjt rlgr tpfdhgmhtf hk rlf dzfgrhnk

na gkhegrfb enqhft gkb pmfkrx

enzf gegshki agdhmhrhft+

Efgkylhmf- rlf agdvmrx efejfzt

f|pmnzfb Rn`xn fhrlfz nk rlfhz

nyk- nz vkbfz rlf gjmf ivhbgkdf

na Trfqfk Amfehki yln nkdf gighknzigkhtfb gk gegshki dvmrvzgm

pznizgeef+ Rlht zgkifb azne

g rnvz rn rlf ihgkr Jvbblg na

@geg`vzg rn qhthrt rn rlf @gjvdlh

gkb Knl rlfgrzft+

Rlf izgkb kgmf na rlf yff` ygt g

agzfyfmm pgzrx gr Rfdlknt Dnmmfif

ylfzf hkrfzkgrhnkgm trvbfkrt

bhtpmgxfb rlfhz kfymx gdwvhzfb

t`hmmt gkb Rfdlknt trvbfkrt

nzigkhtfb g avk aghz+ Egkx g rfgz

ygt tlfb vpnk

t g x h k i

i n n b j x f -

jnrl jx

Cgpgkftf gkb

hkrfzkgrhnkgm

trvbfkrt- gkb

gt rlf jvt rnzf

gpgzr rlf ryn

iznvpt yf

jfdgef gygzfna cvtr lny

hkdzfbhjmf rlf

ryn yff`t

tpfkr hk rlht

y n k b f z a v m

dnvkrzx lgb

jffk+ Yf lgb

wvhrf thepmx

zvk nvr na tvpfzmgrhqft rn bftdzhjf

nvz f|pfzhfkdf+

”Gr Kgzhrg Ghzpnzr yf yfzfyfmdnefb jx g mgzif iznvp

na fkrlvthgtrhd Rfdlknt

trvbfkrt ygqhki git―+

Rlf iznvp azne _fejzn`f gddnepgkhfb jx Bz Rgkg`g gkb lht yhaf




_ZNAHMF

Z

fdfkrmx- ylhmf bzhqhki yhrl ex

yhaf Fmhsgjfrl hk nvz lnef

rnyk na Mhrrmf Znd`- Gz`gktgt- yftrnppfb gr g rzgad mhilr jfthbf rlf

Mhrrmf Znd` _vjmhd Mhjzgzx+ Rlf

rnp na rlf jvhmbhki

ht fkdhzdmfb yhrl g

bfdnzgrhqf azhfsf

dlhtfmmfb yhrl rlf

tvzkgeft na qgzhnvt

gvrlnzt+ H imgkdfb

vp rn zfgb gt egkx

kgeft gt H dnvmb

ylhmf yghrhki grrlf rzgad mhilr gkb

ex fxft andvtfb

nk rlf tvzkgef

Rnm`hfk+ _fejzn`f

heefbhgrfmx dgef

rn ehkb+ H zfehkbfb

Fmhsgjfrl na C+Z+Z+

Rnm`hfk‘t rhef gr

_fejzn`f Dnmmfif+ G

bhtdvtthnk na _fejzn`f fktvfb-

gkb H rlnvilr gjnvr rlf egkx ygxt_fejzn`f lgt rnvdlfb ex mhaf gkb

hkvfkdfb ex dgzffz+

H izfy vp hk rlf zvzgm Tnvrl hk

Egiknmhg- Gz`gktgt gkb grrfkbfb

Lfkbzh| Dnmmfif- g tegmm mhjfzgm%

gzrt tdlnnm kfgz Mhrrmf Znd`-

anz ex vkbfzizgbvgrf trvbhft+

Jvr fqfk jfanzf H jfigk- H ygt

hkrzhivfb jx rlf ”Lfkbzh|%hk%

N|anzb― cvkhnz xfgz gjzngb

pznizge Lfkbzh| naafzfb+ Gt gkGkimnplhmf gkb lhtrnzx mnqfz- H

ygt f|dhrfb gjnvr rlf nppnzrvkhrx

rn trvbx hk N|anzb- fqfk ha ex rhft

rn N|anzb Vkhqfzthrx yfzf rn jf

enzf ifnizgplhd rlgk anzegm+

Garfz ryn xfgzt gr Lfkbzh|- H

tpfkr ex rlhzb xfgz hk N|anzb+

Ylhmtr knr rfdlkhdgmmx g trvbfkr

gr N|anzb Vkhqfzthrx- entr na ex

hktrzvdrnzt yfzf gamhgrfb yhrl rlf

Vkhqfzthrx hk tnef ygx+ Bftphrfex trgrvt- H heefztfb extfma hkrn

rlf Vkhqfzthrx dvmrvzf3 H tpfkr rhef

gr rlf N|anzb Vkhnk- znyfb anz

Egibgmfk Dnmmfif- gkb dnepfrfb

gighktr Dgejzhbif gt g efejfz na

rlf N|anzb Vkhqfzthrx Dmgx _hifnkTlnnrhki Dmvj ,NVD_TD(+ H afmm

hk mnqf yhrl N|anzb gkb jfanzf ex

rlhzb xfgz ygt vp- H ygt bfgb tfr

nk zfrvzkhki rn rlf Vkhqfzthrx anz izgbvgrf trvbhft+

H zfrvzkfb rn Lfkbzh| Dnmmfif anz

ex kgm xfgz na vkbfzizgbvgrf

trvbhft hk 78<8+ Gt anz ex pntr%

Lfkbzh| pmgkt- H ygkrfb rn grrfkb

mgy tdlnnm fqfkrvgmmx- jvr gjnqf

gmm- H ygkrfb rn zfrvzk rn N|anzb

gkb grrfkb rlf Vkhqfzthrx ”anz

zfgm―+ Rlvt H gppmhfb anz rlf

Zlnbft Tdlnmgztlhp+

H bhb knr zfdfhqf g ZlnbftTdlnmgztlhp jvr tlnzrmx garfz

rlf hkrfzqhfy H bhb lgqf rlf

pmfgtvzf na effrhki Yhkrlznp _+

Znd`fafmmfz- _fejzn`f gmvekvt-

plhmgkrlznphtr gkb tnk na anzefz

Gz`gktgt Inqfzknz- Yhkrlznp

Znd`fafmmfz+ Rlf dnkqfztgrhnk

yhrl Yhk- gt Gz`gktgkt dgmm lhe-

wvhd`mx rvzkfb rn N|anzb gkb

tpfdhdgmmx _fejzn`f Dnmmfif+

Lht mnqf anz rlf dnmmfif ygtgppgzfkr gkb hkafdrhnvt+ Yhk

gt`fb ha H ygt hkrfzftrfb hk effrhki

Thz Znifz Jgkkhtrfz- rlf Egtrfz na

_fejzn`f- yln ygt tdlfbvmfb rn

trnp jx Mhrrmf Znd` anz g qhthr hk

rlf anmmnyhki yff`t+ Na dnvztf-H ygt' Bvf rn g tdlfbvmhki

pznjmfe- Thz Znifz bhbk‘r eg`f hr

rn Mhrrmf Znd`- jvr ex

hkrfzftr hk _fejzn`f

pfzthtrfb+

Yhrl fkdnvzgifefkr

azne Yhk H gppmhfb

rn _fejzn`f gkb hk

rlf gvrvek na 788?-

H jfigk izgbvgrf

trvbhft gr _fejzn`fhk Enbfzk Jzhrhtl gkb

Fvznpfgk Lhtrnzx+ H

egbf ex lnef gr rlf

rnp na Trghzdgtf <+ Rlf

qhfy na Dlgpfm Wvgb

azne ex yhkbny

ygt egikhdfkr gkb

vkanzifrrgjmf+ H efr

egkx kfy azhfkbt- zf`hkbmfb

nmb azhfkbtlhpt gkb nkdf gighk

heefztfb extfma hk Vkhqfzthrxmhaf- dnkrhkvhki ex tlnnrhki yhrl

rlf NVD_TD+

Garfz ex xfgz gr _fejzn`f- H

lfgbfb rn Kfy Nzmfgkt rn grrfkb

Rvmgkf Vkhqfzthrx Tdlnnm na Mgy+

H `kfy rlgr Mnvhthgkg mgy ygt

bhaafzfkr azne rlf dneenk mgy

pzgdrhdfb hk rlf nrlfz 28 trgrft-

jvr rlf bhaafzfkdft grrzgdrfb zgrlfz

rlgk zfpfmmfb ef+ Gmrlnvil H ygt

rlnvtgkbt na ehmft azne _fejzn`fDnmmfif- H ygt knr agz azne afmmny

_fejzn`hgkt+ Ex njmhigrhnkt

rfgdlfz ygt _znafttnz Qgmfkrhkf

_gmefz- g _fejzn`f gmvekvt gkb

ynzmb%zfknykfb gvrlnzhrx nk rlf

Azfkdl Dhqhm Dnbf+ Nkf na ex

afmmny trvbfkrt gr Rvmgkf Mgy-

@hki Ehmmhki ,788?(- ygt knr

nkmx g _fejzn`f gmvekvt- jvr lf

lgb grrfkbfb 78rl dfkrvzx Jzhrhtl

_gzmhgefkrgzx lhtrnzx rvrnzhgmt gr_fejzn`f yhrl ef hk Ehdlgfmegt

rfze- 788?+

H izgbvgrfb azne mgy tdlnnm hk

Rhe Izhak gkb yhaf Fmhsgjfrl qhthrhki rlf Dnmmfif hk :??2

Azne _fejzn`f rn rlf Ylhrf LnvtfRhe Izhak ,788?(




_ZNAHMF

7882- pgttfb rlf Mnvhthgkg gkb

Gz`gktgt jgz f|gehkgrhnkt gkb

pzgdrhdfb gr g Kfy Nzmfgkt mgy

ze anz nkf xfgz jfanzf enqhki rn

Ygtlhkirnk- B+D+ hk 7886+

_zfthbfkr Dmhkrnk‘t Tfdzfrgzx na

Lnvthki gkb Vzjgk Bfqfmnpefkr-Lfkzx Dhtkfznt- lgb egbf tnef

wvftrhnkgjmf trgrfefkrt rn AJH

gifkrt bvzhki lht jgd`iznvkb

hkqftrhigrhnk- pzhnz rn jfhki tynzk

hk gt Tfdzfrgzx+ Vkbfz rlf kny%

mgptfb gkb nkdf%dnkrznqfzthgm

Frlhdt hk Inqfzkefkr Gdr-

rlf hkqftrhigrhnk na Tfdzfrgzx

Dhtkfznt ygt rn jf dnkbvdrfb

jx gk Hkbfpfkbfkr Dnvktfm- knr

jx rlf Bfpgzrefkr na Cvtrhdf+ H cnhkfb rlf trgaa na Hkbfpfkbfkr

Dnvktfm Bgqhb E+ Jgzzfrr gt gk

Gttndhgrf Hkbfpfkbfkr Dnvktfm hk

Tfprfejfz 7886+

Hk mgrf 7881 pzhnz rn rlf

pzfthbfkrhgm fmfdrhnk- g

kvejfz na kfyt gzrhdmft

bfrghmfb gmmfigrhnkt na hmmfigm

anzfhik dnkrzhjvrhnkt rlgr

lgb jffk egbf rn dgkbhbgrft

anz pvjmhd nadf hk rlfVkhrfb Trgrft gkb kgrhnkgm

pnmhrhdgm dneehrrfft-

pzhegzhmx rlf Bfendzgrhd

Kgrhnkgm Dneehrrff ,BKD(+

Dnkizftthnkgm hkqftrhigrhnkt-

jnrl Lnvtf gkb Tfkgrf- anmmnyfb+

Hk Cgkvgzx 7889- H cnhkfb rlf

trgaa na rlf Lnvtf Inqfzkefkr

Zfanze Dneehrrff gt g Tfkhnz

Hkqftrhigrhqf Dnvktfm- ylfzf H

andvtfb pzhegzhmx nk rlf kgkdhgmhkqftrhigrhnk na anzfhik hkbhqhbvgmt

gkb rlfhz dnkrzhjvrhnkt rn rlf

BKD+

Hk 7888- H cnhkfb rlf Zfpvjmhdgk

Kgrhnkgm Dneehrrff ,ZKD( hk

Ygtlhkirnk- B+D+ gt Bfpvrx

Zftfgzdl Bhzfdrnz anz rlf :???

pzfthbfkrhgm dgepghik+ ZKD

zftfgzdl tfzqfb gt rlf pzhegzx

zftfgzdl zftnvzdf anz rlf Jvtl.

Dlfkfx :??? dgepghik+ G xfgz gkb g lgma na izvfmmhki dgepghik

ynz` ygt rn fkb nk fmfdrhnk khilr

:??? hk Gvtrhk- Rf|gt+ Jvr rlf

kgmhrx ,gkb zftr( H ygt tff`hki

ygt knr rn jf+

Ex kf|r trnp ygt Amnzhbg ylfzf

H tfzqfb gt g mfigm gbqhtnz rn rlf

Jvtl.Dlfkfx Zfdnvkr Rfge+ Rlf

zfdnvkr f|pfzhfkdf ygt tvzzfgm3

H tpfkr Rlgk`tihqhki bhkkfz grg lnrfm hk Anzr Mgvbfzbgmf yhrl

tfqfzgm lvkbzfb nrlfz efejfzt

na rlf Zfdnvkr Rfge- gdrzftt Jn

Bfzf`- gkb fkrfzrghkfz Ygxkf

Kfyrnk+ H mfgzkfb na rlf kgm

Jvtl q+ Inzf bfdhthnk qhg dfmm

plnkf gkb thevmrgkfnvt rfmfqhthnk

kfyt affbt azne rlf trfpt na rlf

V+T+ Tvpzfef Dnvzr+

Garfz 71 enkrlt na pnmhrhdgm

jgrrmf- g pnmhrhdgm qhdrnzx gkbevdl kffbfb zftphrf- H mnkifb rn

zftvef rlf pzgdrhdf na mgy+ Hk

Egzdl :??7- H gddfprfb g pnmhrhdgm

gppnhkrefkr gr rlf Bfpgzrefkr

na Cvtrhdf gt Tpfdhgm Gtthtrgkr rn

rlf Gtthtrgkr Grrnzkfx Ifkfzgm

Ehdlgfm Dlfzrnaa- rlf Dzhehkgm

Bhqhthnk dlhfa+ Rlgr tveefz

GGI Dlfzrnaa izgkrfb ef g xfgz

bfrghm gt g afbfzgm pzntfdvrnz rn

rlf V+T+ Grrnzkfx‘t Nadf anz rlfFgtrfzk Bhtrzhdr na Gz`gktgt hk

Mhrrmf Znd`- gmmnyhki ef rn njrghk

pzntfdvrnzhgm f|pfzhfkdf- ylhmtr

tpfkbhki tnef wvgmhrx rhef yhrl

agehmx gkb azhfkbt hk ex lnef

trgrf+

H zfrvzkfb rn Ygtlhkirnk hk Cvkf

:??: rn ifgz vp gkb jfihk rlf

zftfgzdl anz rlf :??2 pzfthbfkrhgm

dgepghik+ H nkdf gighk cnhkfb

rlf trgaa na rlf ZKD- rlht rhef gt

Zftfgzdl Bhzfdrnz gkb Bfpvrx

Dneevkhdgrhnkt Bhzfdrnz+ Ex

trgaa na gppzn|hegrfmx 4? pznqhbfb

zftfgzdl egrfzhgmt rn rlf Jvtl%

Dlfkfx zf%fmfdrhnk dgepghik- rlf

ZKD gkb rlf pzftt+

Bvzhki rlf lfdrhd :??2 pzfthbfkrhgm

dgepghik- H ygt fkigifb rn egzzx

Fmhsgjfrl Gkk Dzghk+ Tlf gkb

H izfy vp 4? ehmft azne fgdlnrlfz jvr kfqfz efr vkrhm yf yfzf

hkrznbvdfb hk Ygtlhkirnk- B+D+

hk :??4+ Fmhsgjfrl gkb H qhthrfb

_fejzn`f hk Bfdfejfz :??2 gkb

grrfkbfb rlf Dlzhtregt Dnkdfzr

hk rlf Bgenk Yfmmt Dlgpfm+ Yf

egzzhfb hk Gpzhm :??6+ Tnef na

ex azhfkbt azne _fejzn`f egbf

rlf rzf` azne Mnkbnk rn Gz`gktgt

anz rlf yfbbhki- hkdmvbhki Cgeft

D+A+ Lgklge ,788?( gkb FzhdMnkfzigk ,788?(+

Tlnzrmx garfz nvz yfbbhki- hk Gpzhm

:??6- H jfigk tfzqhki _zfthbfkr

Ifnzif Y+ Jvtl gt Tpfdhgm

Gtthtrgkr rn rlf _zfthbfkr gkb

Bfpvrx Bhzfdrnz- Nadf na

_nmhrhdgm Gaaghzt gr rlf Ylhrf

Lnvtf+ Rlf lhilmhilr na ex

rfkvzf gr rlf Ylhrf Lnvtf ygt

nzigkhthki gkb dnnzbhkgrhki

pnmhrhdgm tvppnzr anz rlfdnkzegrhnk na Cvbif Cnlk

Znjfzrt rn jf Dlhfa Cvtrhdf na

rlf V+T+ Tvpzfef Dnvzr+

Ex bvrhft gr rlf Ylhrf Lnvtf

yfzf vkanzrvkgrfmx dvr tlnzr bvf

rn ehmhrgzx tfzqhdf+ Hk Tfprfejfz

:??6- H ygt enjhmhtfb rn gdrhqf

bvrx hk rlf V+T+ Gzex anz nkf

xfgz gt g Dgprghk+ H ge dvzzfkrmx

tfzqhki gt gk Gzex _zntfdvrnz gkb

mfigm gbqhtnz+ H lgqf jffk gk nadfz hk rlf Cvbif Gbqndgrf Ifkfzgm‘t

,CGI( Dnzpt- V+T+ Gzex Zftfzqf-

anz gmentr rfk xfgzt jvr lgqf

kfqfz jfanzf jffk gdrhqgrfb+ H ge

nk ehmhrgzx mfgqf azne rlf Ylhrf

Lnvtf vkrhm Tfprfejfz :??1+

Ex rhef gr _fejzn`f Dnmmfif

ygt tpfdhgm gkb knrlhki tlnzr na

mhaf dlgkihki3 H egbf fkbvzhki

azhfkbtlhpt gkb mfgzkfb evdl

gjnvr rlf ynzmb gkb extfma+ Anz rlht gkb enzf- H ge frfzkgmmx

izgrfavm+

”Ex rhef gr _fejzn`f

Dnmmfif ygt tpfdhgm

gkb knrlhki tlnzr na mhafdlgkihki―




FQFKRT

Igvbx- Xfgzt 7882- 7886 ! 7881Azhbgx 71 Tfprfejfz :??6

Nqfz nkf lvkbzfb xnvki gmvekh yfzf gjmf rn grrfkb

rlht f|rzfefmx mhqfmx Igvbx+ Yf gzf rnmb rlf pgzrxhki

dnkrhkvfb yfmm hkrn rlf khilr- yhrl tnef grrfkbfftaghmhki rn eg`f hr rn jfb gr gmm' Yf gzf imgb rlgr gmm

rlntf yln grrfkbfb fkcnxfb rlfetfmqft+ Yf lnpf

rn tff rlfe gmm gighk gr Dnmmfif hk rlf qfzx kfgz

avrvzf+

Cnlk Ff`fmggz Zfrhzfefkr Bhkkfz Azhbgx 77 Knqfejfz :??6

Gt zfpnzrfb hk _fejzn`hgk httvf kn :<- Cnlk

Ff`fmggz zfrhzfb gt g Rvrnzhgm Afmmny hk Mgy gr

rlf fkb na rlf :??2.:??6 Gdgbfehd Xfgz+ Ylhmtr

Cnlk zfeghkt gr Dnmmfif hk rlf kfymx dzfgrfb

pntr na Gdgbfehd Bhzfdrnz- g anzegm bhkkfz ygt

lfmb rn egz` rlf nddgthnk+ Gmentr nkf lvkbzfb

_fejzn`hgk Mgyxfzt grrfkbfb rlht hk Knqfejfz

:??6+ Rlf Bhkkfz ygt pgzr na gk hkhrhgrhqf ghefb

gr zghthki avkbt rn fkbny- hk pfzpfrvhrx rlf Cnlk

Ff`fmggz Mgy Afmmnytlhp+

Genkitr rlntf gmvekh pzftfkr yfzf anzefz

trvbfkrt azne rlf VTG- Ifzegkx- rlf Dsfdl

Zfpvjmhd gkb Hzfmgkb+ Rzhjvrft rn Cnlk Ff`fmggz‘t

f|rzgnzbhkgzx pnpvmgzhrx gkb hkrfizhrx gt g rvrnz

yfzf ihqfk jx Thz _lhmhp Jghmlgdlf ,7812(- gkLnknzgzx Afmmny na _fejzn`f- yln lgt jffk

rlf Jghmhaa na Cfztfx thkdf 78860 Fbigz Ifkrmf HHH

,7899(- Zlnbft Tdlnmgz gkb Egkgihki _gzrkfz

na Ifkrmf- _hd`fkt gkb Mgkbnk Grrnzkfxt hk

Jhzehkilge- Gmgjgeg0 Zntgmhkb _lfmpt ,788:(-yln ht dvzzfkrmx g Jgzzhtrfz gr rlf Anvkrghk Dnvzr

Dlgejfzt0 gkb Gkrnkx Sgdgznmh ,78<:(- yln ygt

dgmmfb rn rlf jgz hk 78<9 gkb kny ynz`t gr Tnvrl

Twvgzf Dlgejfzt gkb lfmpfb nvr gt “yff`fkb

mgy mfdrvzfz‘ gr _fejzn`f hk rlf fgzmx 788?t+

Rlf Egtrfz- Ihmft Lfkbfztnk- gmtn pghb

rzhjvrf rn Cnlk Ff`fmggz‘t f|dfprhnkgm

trgkbhki yhrlhk rlf Dnmmfif+

G bzhk`t zfdfprhnk hk Jzngbigrft ygt

anmmnyfb jx g qf%dnvztf bhkkfz hk Lgmm+Rlf Dnmmfif thmqfz vtfb rn bfdnzgrf rlf

rgjmft ygt gmm bnkgrfb jx _fejzn`hgk

mgyxfzt- gkb rlf phfdft vtfb yfzf

tpfdhgmmx tfmfdrfb anz rlf fqfkhki+

Cnlk gkb yhaf _hg gr rlf bhkkfz

Jfzkgzb Ygmmynz`- Gmgk Jnxmf gkb Trfqfk Mfhil

Zlhgk Ynki ,kèf Imnqfz(- Bfm Cgeft-

Lfgrlfz Xnvki ,kèf Ygzb( gkb Tgzgl Rnyktmfx




FQFKRT

Bz _fmdsxkt`h‘t <?rl Jhzrlbgx _gzrx

Rlvztbgx < Bfdfejfz :??6

Hk Bfdfejfz :??6 Bz Sjhikhfy

_fmdsxkt`h- anzefz Afmmny gkb

Rvrnz hk _nmhrhdt- dfmfjzgrfb lht

<?rl jhzrlbgx+ Sjhi- Sjxtsf` nz

SG_- gt lf ht qgzhnvtmx `knyk

jx lht trvbfkrt- zfrhzfb azne

_fejzn`f hk 7884 garfz 46 xfgzt

na pnthrhqf hepgdr vpnk rlf mhqft

na trvbfkrt yln gzf kny eg`hki

rlfhz egz` vpnk rlf ynzmb+

Hk nzbfz rn lnknvz rlht tpfdhgm bgx-

_fejzn`f lntrfb g jhzrlbgx pgzrx

gr rlf _nmhtl Fejgttx hk Mnkbnk+

Bz _fmdsxkt`h ygt bfmhilrfb rlgr

nqfz 7?? na lht anzefz trvbfkrt-

azhfkbt gkb agehmx efejfzt yfzf gjmf rn grrfkb-

gkb g ynkbfzavm fqfkhki ygt fkcnxfb jx gmm+ Yf

yfzf lnknvzfb rlgr Lht F|dfmmfkdx Ez Sjhikhfy

Egrvtsfyt`h- Gejgttgbnz na rlf Zfpvjmhd na

_nmgkb- npfkfb rlf fqfkhki jx ygx na g ygze

rzhjvrf+ Nrlfz fkrfzrghkhki tpffdlft yfzf ihqfk

jx rlf Egtrfz- Egzrhk Mhkrnk E_ ,7814(- Mnzb

Gkrlnkx Wvhkrnk- gkb na dnvztf rlf ivftr na

lnknvz- Bz Sjhikhfy _fmdsxkt`h+ Rlf ivftrt

yfzf rlfk hkqhrfb rn lfmp

rlfetfmqft rn g rzgbhrhnkgm

_nmhtl jvaafr afgtr- gmmnyhki

pmfkrx na nppnzrvkhrx rn

ehkimf gkb dgrdl vp yhrl nmb

azhfkbt+

Hk rzhjvrf rn Bz _fmdsxkt`h‘t

nvrtrgkbhki gddnepmhtlefkrt

gr _fejzn`f gkb lht

dnkrzhjvrhnkt rn rlf yhbfz

ynzmb- rlf Dnmmfif ht tff`hki

rn zghtf ¤7+9< ehmmhnk rn kgef

gkb pfzegkfkrmx fkbny

rlf _fmdsxkt`h _nmhrhdt

Afmmnytlhp+ Yf lgqf gmzfgbx

zghtfb nqfz ¤4??-??? na nvz

rgzifr gkb gzf f|rzfefmx izgrfavm rn gmm nvz bnknzt

anz lfmphki vt rn gdlhfqf rlht+ Ha xnv ynvmb mh`f

enzf hkanzegrhnk nk rlf Gppfgm- pmfgtf dnkrgdr

Dgrlfzhkf EdEhmmgk hk rlf Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf

qhg dgrlfzhkf+edehmmgkOpej+n|+gd+v`+ nz nk

,?7<16( :9129<+

Bz _fmdsxkt`h tpfg`hki gr rlf pgzrx

Dnmmfif Lntrt Avmjzhilr DfkrfkgzxTgrvzbgx 7: Knqfejfz :??6

Nk 7: Knqfejfz :??6 rlf VT.V@ Avmjzhilr

Dneehtthnk lntrfb g Dfkrfkgzx fqfkr gr

_fejzn`f+ Rlf fqfkr ygt g dfmfjzgrhnk na rlf

jhzrl na Tfkgrnz C Yhmmhge Avmjzhilr- _fejzn`f

gmvekvt- Zlnbft Tdlnmgz gkb anvkbfz na rlf

zfknykfb Avmjzhilr _znizgeef — gk fbvdgrhnkgm

f|dlgkif bfthikfb rn pznenrf imnjgm pfgdf gkb

vkbfztrgkbhki+

Rlf pznizgeef na fqfkrt trgzrfb yhrl g mfdrvzf

ihqfk jx Tfkgrnz Zhdlgzb Mvigz ,7862( hk rlf

Bgenk Yfmmt Dlgpfm+ Gt dvzzfkr Dlghzegk na

rlf VT Tfkgrf Anzfhik Zfmgrhnkt Dneehrrff-

Tfkgrnz Mvigz — gmtn g anzefz Zlnbft Tdlnmgz gr

_fejzn`f — lnmbt rlf pntr ztr lfmb jx

Tfkgrnz Avmjzhilr hk rlf 782?t+ Tfkgrnz Mvigz‘t dneefkrt ylhmtr tpfg`hki gr

_fejzn`f yfzf tvjtfwvfkrmx hktfzrfb

hkrn rlf Dnkizftthnkgm Zfdnzb+

Garfzygzbt- g bzhk`t zfdfprhnk ygt

lfmb hk rlf Egtrfz‘t Mnbihkit gkb rlfk

g anzegm bhkkfz hk Jzngbigrft Lgmm+

Cnhkhki Tfkgrnz Mvigz- ivftrt hkdmvbfb

Bgqhb Cnlktnk- Bfpvrx Dlhfa na Ehtthnk

gr rlf VT Fejgttx0 Bz Cnlk Lnnb- Qhdf%

Dlgkdfmmnz N|anzb Vkhqfzthrx0 JgznkfttAgm`kfz0 Mnzb @fzz na @hkmndlgzb ,781?(

gkb Cvmhg MfTrgif ,78<8(- Tfkgrnz

Avmjzhilr‘t izgkbbgvilrfz+

Tfkgrnz Mvigz gkb rlf Egtrfz- phdrvzfb yhrl Dgznm Egbhtnk Izglge na rlf Avmjzhilr Dneehtthnk



KFYT

Dgmmhki gmm anzefz EDZ efejfzt

Yfzf xnv pgzr na rlf izgbvgrf trvbfkr dneevkhrx

gr _fejzn`f> Ha tn- rlf EDZ ynvmb mh`f rn lfgz

azne xnv+ Hk gk faanzr rn eg`f rlf zfmgrhnktlhp

jfryffk dvzzfkr gkb anzefz EDZ efejfzt enzf

pznbvdrhqf- rlf EDZ dneehrrff ht dnephmhki g

bgrgjgtf dnepzhthki rlf kgeft- nddvpgrhnkt gkb

dnkrgdr bfrghmt na izgbvgrf gmvekh+ Lhtrnzhdgmmx-

rlf Dnmmfif‘t zfdnzbt lgqf knr bhtrhkivhtlfb jfryffk CDZ gkb EDZ efejfztlhp- eg`hki hr

bhadvmr rn ftrgjmhtl g tpfdhd zfmgrhnktlhp yhrl

izgbvgrf gmvekh+ Rlf ghe ht rn hkqhrf anzefz

efejfzt rn grrfkb EDZ avkdrhnkt tvdl gt

rfzemx jgkwvfrt- gt yfmm gt hkanzegm mvkdlft gkb

bzhk`t pgzrhft ylfzf izgbvgrf gmvekh dgk bhtdvtt

rlfhz dgzffzt yhrl dvzzfkr izgbvgrf trvbfkrt+

Ha xnv trvbhfb anz g izgbvgrf bfizff gr

_fejzn`f- pmfgtf dnkrgdr rlf EDZ Gmvekh

Zfmgrhnkt Zfpzftfkrgrhqf- Zntt Khdnmtnk nkzntt+khdnmtnkOpej+n|+gd+v` - nz gr _fejzn`f

Dnmmfif- N|anzb- N\7 7BY

Dnkrgdrhki rlf

Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf

Cnlk Jgzmny

Bfqfmnpefkr Nadfz

Rfm3 ,?7<16( :912940 Enj3 ?984: 79:8?2

cnlk+jgzmnyOpej+n|+gd+v`

Tnplhf Fm`gk

Tpfdhgm _zncfdrt Egkgifz

Rfm3 ,?7<16( :916?7

tnplhf+fm`gkOpej+n|+gd+v`

Dgrlfzhkf EdEhmmgk

Bfqfmnpefkr Nadfz

Rfm3 ,?7<16( :9129<

dgrlfzhkf+edehmmgkOpej+n|+gd+v`

@ge Ehmft

Bgrgjgtf Dnnzbhkgrnz

Rfm3 ,?7<16( :91279

`ge+ehmftOpej+n|+gd+v`

@hztrx Zgegif

Fqfkrt gkb Dneevkdhgrhnkt Egkgifz

Rfm3 ,?7<16( :<1?<?

`hztrx+zgegifOpej+n|+gd+v`

Rlf Bfqfmnpefkr Nadf

_fejzn`f Dnmmfif

N|anzb- N\7 7BY

Ag|3 ,?7<16( :912<:

bfqfmnpefkrOpej+n|+n|+gd+v`

Bhgzx Bgrft Gmm bgrft dnzzfdr gt na Egzdl :??1 jvr egx jf

tvjcfdr rn dlgkif

:??19 Gpzhm Igvbx- 7889%788<

7< Gpzhm Hkrfz%Dnmmfihgrf Inma Rnvzkgefkr

2 Egx Mnkbnk Bhkkfz

74 Egx Jmgd`trnkf Mfdrvzf

? Egx XIM Effrhki

9 Egx Igzbfk _gzrx

4 Cvkf Igvbx- 7898%78<2

9 Cvkf Thmqfz Gttgx

2 Gvivtr Cvjhmff Bhkkfz- 7861

Tfpr “2? Xfgzt%Nk‘- 7816%7819

1 Tfpr Rftbgmf Tndhfrx Mvkdl Tfpr _fejzn`f Tndhfrx Bhkkfz

4 Tfpr _fejzn`f Tndhfrx Gdrhqhrx Bgx

:??99 Cgk Gkkvgm Effrhki

74 Gpzhm Igvbx- 789?%7892

4? Egzdl 7868 Bhkkfz

4 Cvkf 4? Xfgzt%Nk- 7899

4 Gvivtr Igvbx- Vp rn 7861

72 Tfpr Igvbx- 7888%???

Tnplhf- @hztrx- Cnlk- @ge gkb Dgrlfzhkf

Pembrokian April 2006

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Transcript of Pembrokian April 2006