Pembroke College Annual Report 2007-08

7/31/2019 Pembroke College Annual Report 2007-08

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VMEBRGHM KGNNMAM]LOSMR[OP_ GC GZCGR@

Ill}in Rmvgrp 2661%266:



Kglpmlp{

Pjm Ei{pmr‟{ Olprg`}kpogl

Pjm 2661'6: Iki`meok _mir

Pjm iki`meok mir ol vmr{vmkposm ip Vmebrghm

[prmlapjmlola iki`meok vmrcgreilkm4 pjm rgnm gc pjm Iki`meok @ormkpgr

Ol{vorola Rm{mirkj b Cmnngq{ gc @o{polkpogl

Kgnnmam Broajpmlola

Pjm Jgem B}r{ir Rmsomq{ pjm _mir 2661'6:

[}eemr [kjggn{. Kglcmrmlkm{ il` Qm``ola{

Pjm {p}`mlp mzvmromlkm

Lgp d}{p inn qgrh

Pjm Vme%Brgghm [}eemr [kjggn

[}vvgrpola [p}`mlp{ Colilkoinn

[p}`mlp{ kirola cgr Irp. Irp {}vvgrpola [p}`mlp{

[prmlapjmlola pjm binilkm {jmmp ‛ b}on ola cgr pjm c}p}rm

Colilkoin Vmrcgreilkm gc pjm Kgnnmam

Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem

@msmngvemlp ‛ b}on`ola iqirmlm{{. nginp il` i k}np}rm gc aosola

Pjm @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr rmcnmkp{

@glipogl{ [}eeir

Ill}in C}l` 2661'6:

@glgr No{p{

;

0

3

96

92

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90

93

91

91

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26

22

2;

20

23

2



;

Olprg`}kpogl

O eihm lg ivgnga cgr rmvmipola ni{p mir‟{ }vbmip

em{{iam, Vmebrghm ji{ kglpol}m` gl op{ vipj pg il

msmr egrm ò{pola}o{jm` c}p}rm,

G}r {p}`mlp{. bgpj }l`mrari`}ipm il` ari`}ipm. jism kglpol}m`

pg vmrcgre qmnn ol inn {ml{m{. ol e}{okin{. kglkmrp{ il` gpjmr

mzpri%k}rrok}nir ikposopom{ i{ e}kj i{ ol Colin{,Pjm o{prob}pogl

gc 20 Cor{p%Kni{{ Jglg}r{ ]l`mrari`}ipm @marmm{ ikrg{{

eil {}bdmkp{ qi{ m{vmkoinn aripocola. i{ qi{ aiolola pjm

pgv ]losmr{op Cor{p ol Jo{pgr il` Mkglgeok{. inpjg}aj i cmq

egrm ‚ismriam‟ {kgrm{ pjil ni{p mir brg}ajp }{ `gql ol pjm

cieg}{n prmikjmrg}{ nmia}m pibnm{,

I{ g} qonn rmi` ol pjm{m viam{. g}r Cmnngq{ irm g}r vroeir.

ngla%pmre iki`meok ‚i{{mp‟ il` eil gc pjme qgl vrm{poaog}{ iqir`{ il` vrotm{ cgr pjmor

pmikjola. rm{mirkj il` bggh{,

Ip pjm {iem poem. g}r vmrcgreilkm emi{}rm` ol colilkoin pmre{ oevrgsm , G}r binilkm {jmmp

{prmlapjmlm` m{vopm pjm gl{mp gc kjinnmlaola mkglgeok poem{. g}r kglcmrmlkm olkgem jmn`

}v. il` bgpj g}r Ill}in C}l` il` kivopin glipogl{ ippiolm` rmkgr` nmsmn{, Qm rmeiol qopjol

pjm a}o`mnolm{ {mp b g}r 96%mir [pripmaok Vnil,

O qg}n` kjirikpmro{m 2661'6: i{ pjm mir qjokj {iq }{ pihm i nmiv cgrqir` crge bmola glm

gc Gzcgr`‟{ egrm colilkoinn {pibnm il` bmppmr%eiliam` Kgnnmam{ ‛ i `m{krovpogl O kmrpioln

cmnp qi{ cior ni{p mir icpmr {msmrin mir{ gc {gno` vrgarm{{ ‛ pgqir`{ bmkgeola i {mrog}{n

iebopog}{ Kgnnmam, [g e}kj {g. pjip qm irm lgq vrm{{ola ijmi` qopj g}r vnil{ cgr i lmq

b}onòla kgevnmz il` y}i` gl pjm gpjmr {o`m gc Brmqmr [prmmp il` cmnp ibnm pg m{pibno{j pqg

i`òpoglin P}pgroin Cmnngq{jov{ ip pjm bmaollola gc pjm k}rrmlp iki`meok mir4 glm ol Mkglgeok{

il` glm ol Eiliamemlp, Pjo{ qonn armipn oevrgsm g}r pmikjmr4{p}`mlp ripog{ ol pjm{m {}bdmkp{,

Qopj g}r Brmqmr [prmmp vrgdmkp lgq ci{p bmkgeola i rminop. qm i``m` ilgpjmr *Jgem/ B}r{ir

pg g}r Agsmrlola Bg` `}rola pjm mir pg inngq g}r mzo{pola B}r{ir pg cgk}{ gl pjip j}am pi{h

qjonm rmpiolola jo{ gsmr{oajp gc pjm Kgnnmam‟{ colilkm{, Pjm lmq Jgem B}r{ir ji{ pihml kjiram

gc g}r kipmrola. kglcmrmlkm. OP. m{pipm eiolpmlilkm il` j}eil rm{g}rkm{,

Pjo{ Ill}in Rmvgrp nggh{ bikh qopj vro`m gl i {prgla mir gc iki`meok ikjomsmemlp. {p}`mlp

ikposopom{. rmc}rbo{jemlp{ il` oevrgsmemlp{ gc g}r b}onòla{. i{ qmnn i{ qopj ivvrmkoipogl cgr

pjm amlmrg{op gc g}r in}elo il` gpjmr bmlmcikpgr{. pg qjge O gccmr g}r }lrm{mrsm` pjilh{,

Op in{g vrgso`m{ i colilkoin gsmrsomq il` i anoev{m olpg pjm kirmc}n vrmviripogl{ qjokj

kgeemlkm` gl g}r boaam{p il` eg{p iebopog}{ vrgdmkp ol cg}r kmlp}rom{,

Aonm{ Jml`mr{gl @mkmebmr 266:



2661'6: Pjm Iki`meok _mir

0

Pjm 2661'6: iki`meok mir ip Vmebrghm {iq vnmlp

gc ò{polkpogl emi{}rm` ol pmre{ gc {p}`mlp{‟ il`

Cmnngq{‟ ikjomsmemlp{,

Pjm }v{%il`%`gql{ gc eil kgnnmam{ ol pjm Lgrrolapgl

nmia}m pibnm{ gsmr pjm mir{ *pjo{ mir. op qi{ i ‚`gql‟ cgr

Vmebrghm/ oevn il ollipm sgniponop ol vmrcgreilkm pjip

qg}n` nmi` pg ineg{p jgvmnm{{ lm}rg{o{ oc qm qmrm pg pihm

op pgg e}kj pg jmirp, Qjonm ièoppola pjip qm qonn inqi{

bgi{p oc qm kgem g}p lmirmr pjm pgv gc pjm nmia}m. il`

qopjg}p p}rlola pjo{ vomkm olpg mp ilgpjmr `mmv ilin{o{

gc qj qm {jg}n` gr {jg}n` lgp vi i ngp gc ippmlpogl pg pjo{

e}kj si}lpm` emi{}rm gc ikjomsmemlp. d}{p bmir ol eol`

pjip pjm vg{opogl%pibnm rm{}np{ crge prikhola {gem vrmpp

colm l}ilkm{ ol vmrcgreilkm bmpqmml pjm m{{mlpoinn {oeonir

kgl{pop}mlp{ gc pjm ]losmr{op,

Kil op rminn bm {io` qopj kglsokpogl pjip pjo{ qi{ lgp {}kj

i agg` mir iki`meokinn cgr Vmebrghm qjml g}r

}l`mrari`}ipm {p}`mlp{ qgl 20 cor{p%kni{{ marmm{ ol{pmi`

gc ;9. olkn}òla pjm pgv ]losmr{op cor{p ol Jo{pgr il`

Mkglgeok{7 Gr pjip pjm Kgnnmam vmrcgrem` nm{{ qmnn qjmlop rminn {jglm ol {gem {}bdmkp{ b}p lgp ol inn gpjmr{7 Lgpm

crge pjm Pibnm pjip g}r Eg`mrl Nola}o{p{ {pgg` g}p pjo{

mir b qollola cosm gc pjm cor{p{ ‛ il` pjip g}r cor{p{ qmrm

gpjmrqo{m rmeirhibn qmnn o{prob}pm` ikrg{{ pjm sirog}{

ò{kovnolm{, Il` qjip ibg}p g}r Cmnngq{. qjg{m ò{polkpogl

o{ lgp emi{}rm` ip inn b {}kj pibnm{7

Pjm iki`meok mir ol vmr{vmkposm ip Vmebrghm

Poe CirrilpJmnml [einn

Jmnml [einn. Cmnngq ol Mlano{j. qgl pjm olpmrlipoglinn

kgsmpm` Pr}eil Kivgpm Vrotm cgr Nopmrir Kropoko{e cgr jmr

nipm{p bggh, @r A}o`g Bgl{ismr. g}r Cmnngq ol Opinoil. ji{

bmml iqir`m` pjm 266: Ill}in Bggh Vrotm gc pjm

Iemrokil I{{gkoipogl gc Opinoil [p}òm{ cgr jo{ {p}`.

Kml{gr{jov il` Nopmrip}rm ol Ci{ko{p Opin,



=

Pjm{m cikp{ {vmih cgr pjme{mnsm{4 pjm }l`mrnola prml` ol gsmrinn iki`meok ikjomsmemlp ip Vmebrghm o{ }vqir { ‛ crge bmola

emrmn i o{polkposm Kgnnmam pgqir`{ ippiolola rmin o{polkpogl. qjonm g}r rmv}pipogl kglpol}m{ pg b}on`,

Ivvnokipogl{ crge {p}`mlp{ pg pjm Kgnnmam cgr 266:'6? irm }v il` qm jism i``m` pjrmm lmq P}pgroin Cmnngq{ pg g}r Agsmrlola

Bg` cgr pjm lmq iki`meok mir4 Miegll Egnng. Cmnngq ol Eiliamemlp. Broil I‟Jmirl. Cmnngq ol Mkglgeok{ il` Knosm

[osog}r. Cmnngq ol Mlaolmmrola,

[komlkm [}bdmkp{ 9 2,9 Irp{ [}bdmkp{ 9 2,9

Bogkjmeo{pr 2 2 Mkglgeok{ # Eiliamemlp 9 1

Bogngaokin [komlkm{ ; ; Mlano{j Nila}iam # Nopmrip}rm 9 ?

Kjmeo{pr 9 1 M}rgvmil # Eo``nm Mi{pmrl Nila}iam{ 9

Mlaolmmrola ; 3 Colm Irp 2

Mzvmroemlpin V{kjgnga 9 Niq *olkn}òla N[M/ 0

Eipjmeipok{ 0 3 Jo{pgr 9 :

Emòkin [komlkm{ 0 Jo{pgr # Mkglgeok{ 9 9

Pgpin [komlkm{ 9; 2? Jo{pgr # Vgnopok{ 2

Eg`mrl Nila}iam{ = 0

E}{ok ;

Gromlpin [p}òm{ *Iribok. Kjolm{m. Divilm{m/ 2 =

Vjong{gvj il` Pjmgnga 2

VVM :

Pjmgnga 2

Pgpin Irp{ 99 =:

Pgpin Irp{ # [komlkm 2661'6: 20 :1

Pgpin Irp{ # [komlkm 2663'61 ;9 :;

]l`mrari`}ipm Colin{ Rm{}np{ 2661'6:

Illm JmlhmRivjimn Ji}{mr

Bgpj g}r Cmnngq{ ol Eipjmeipok{. Illm Jmlhm il`

Rivjimn Ji}{mr. qgl pmikjola iqir`{ crge pjm ]losmr{op,

Hml Eijmq bmkiem Vrgcm{{gr gc M`}kipogl il`Mkglgeok Vmrcgreilkm il` Poe Cirrilp bmkiem i

]losmr{op Rmi`mr ol Crmlkj,

Rmi` egrm ibg}p g}r Cmnngq{‟ ikposopom{ ol pjm cmip}rm

qjokj cgnngq{ gl viam 96. i{ qmnn i{ pjm qgrh gc Dgjl

Mmhmniir. g}r Iki`meok @ormkpgr,



Dgjl Mmhmniir % Iki`meok @ormkpgr



3

B}p qjip `gm{ pjm Iki`meok @ormkpgr `g7

O qgl‟p m{krobm qjip pjm P}pgr cgr Ièo{{ogl{ gm{.

bmki}{m pjip o{ ciorn gbsog}{. gr pjm @GA *ièoppola il`

ngghola icpmr ari`}ipm{)/ gr S[ @mil *ièoppola il` ngghola

icpmr so{opola {p}`mlp{)/, Op o{ pjm [mlogr P}pgr virp qjokj

eoajp {mme egrm gb{k}rm, Pjm [mlogr P}pgr ji{ amlmrin

rm{vgl{obonop gsmr pjm iki`meok gvmripogl gc pjm Kgnnmam,

Pjo{ olkn}`m{ ml{}rola pjip vrgvmr p}opogl o{ isionibnm cgr pjm

}l`mrari`}ipm {p}`mlp{. kglprgnnola pjm rmnmsilp b}àmp{.

eiliaola ivvgolpemlp{ pg pmikjola il` rm{mirkj vg{opogl{.

eiolpiolola {pipo{pok{ rmnipola pg iki`meok ikposop il`

{p}`mlp rmkgr`{. vrgkm{{ola iki`meok b}{olm{{ pjrg}aj

kgnnmam kgeeoppmm{ il` pjm Agsmrlola Bg`. eglopgrola

cmm`bikh gl y}inop gc p}pgroin vrgso{ogl. ml{}rola pjm

kgnnmam o{ iqirm gc iki`meok msmngvemlp{ ol pjm qo`mr

}losmr{op. rmvrm{mlpola pjm kgnnmam ol pjip kglpmzp. il`

ml{}rola pjm iki`meok qmnn%bmola gc olòso`}in {p}`mlp{,

O‟e {}rm O jism nmcp {gem pjola{ g}p, Gj m{. jmnvola pg

cgre}nipm vgnok gl pjm kgnnmam‟{ gsmrinn iki`meok òrmkpogl,

9, Ièolo{priposm kglpmzp

Pjm ièolo{priposm kglpmzp ol qjokj pjm [mlogr P}pgr qgrh{

sirom{ bmpqmml kgnnmam{ ikkgròla pg pjm {pr}kp}rm gc pjmor

rm{vmkposm iki`meok gccokm{, Vmebrghm o{ cgrp}lipm ol pjm

mzkmnnmlkm gc op{ ièolo{priposm {picc ol pjm Iki`meok Gccokm,

Pjm [mlogr P}pgr{‟ Kgeeoppmm *[PK/ o{ i eidgr kgeeoppmm

gc pjm Kglcmrmlkm gc Kgnnmam{. pjm bg` qjokj rmvrm{mlp{

kgnnmam{ i{ o{polkp crge pjm kmlprin ]losmr{op, Pjm Ei{pmr

ji{ bmml op{ Kglcmrmlkm Kjioreil {olkm 2661. il` O jism

bmml Kjioreil gc pjm [PK in{g {olkm pjml, Op emmp{ glkm ipmre. il` eihm{ `mko{ogl{ gl iki`meok eippmr{ kglkmrlola

}l`mrari`}ipm{ qjokj rmy}orm kgeegl ikpogl b kgnnmam{,

Rmkmlpn {}kj pjola{ jism bmml jgq pg `min qopj {p}`mlp{

qjg cion pjmor Cor{p V}bnok Mzieolipogl. pjm {pr}kp}rm gc

iki`meok o{kovnolir vrgkm`}rm{. il` jgq pg min qopj

{p}`mlp{ qjg jism ji` pg {}{vml` pjmor kg}r{m cgr

emòkin rmi{gl{, I {}b%arg}v gc pjm kgeeoppmm eglopgr{

rmp}rl{ kgnnmam{ eihm pg i y}m{poglliorm ibg}p pjmor

vrikpokm{ ol eippmr{ rilaola crge eglopgrola pjm ieg}lp{

gc pmikjola pjmor {p}`mlp{ rmkmosm. il` qjg aosm{ op. pg

qjip pjm `g ibg}p mzieolipogl {prm{{. il` vrgso`m{

Lgq pjip O ie ol e colin mir i{ Iki`meok @ormkpgr.

gcpml rmcmrrm` pg i{ [mlogr P}pgr ol gpjmr kgnnmam{.

O pjg}ajp {gem vmgvnm qg}n` bm olpmrm{pm` pg hlgq

qjip pjm dgb o{, Vmebrghm olsmlpm` pjm popnm. b}p op

`m{krobm{ i lmqn `msmngvola vg{opogl ol Gzcgr`

kgnnmam{ qjokj kgebolm{ olpg glm c}nn%poem vg{p. ol

sirola `marmm{. vg{opogl{ vrmsog}{n jmn` b p}pgr{

gl i virp%poem bi{o{, Pjm eiol glm{ qmrm [mlogr

P}pgr. P}pgr cgr Ièo{{ogl{. P}pgr cgr *ol Vmebrghm.

@mil gc/ Ari`}ipm{ *pjm @GA/ il` *ol Vmebrghm/

@mil gc So{opola [p}`mlp{, Op ji{ bma}l pg eihm

olkrmi{ola {ml{m pg {mm pjm{m vg{opogl{ i{ bmola

olpmr%rmnipm`. il` qjml vggnm` pgampjmr. op bmkgem{

egrm pjil i virp%poem dgb,



2, Ol`}kpogl. P}pgroin Pmikjola il` [p}` [honn{

Pjm [mlogr P}pgr ji{ gsmrinn rm{vgl{obonop cgr ml{}rola pjip

lmq {p}`mlp{ irm vrgvmrn olprg`}km` pg pjm qi pmikjola

o{ grailo{m` il` mnosmrm` ol Gzcgr`, Msml bmcgrm pjm

irrosm. lmq {p}`mlp{ irm }ram` pg rmi` pjm ‚[p}`mlp‟{

Jil`bggh‟. qjokj o{ gl g}r qmb{opm il` qgrpj i rmi` cgr

pjg{m lg{pinaok cgr pjmor {p}`mlp ì{,

Inn kgnnmam{ vrgso`m mnibgripm vrgarieem{ gc ol`}kpogl

qjml {p}`mlp{ irrosm ol Gzcgr`. qjokj olkn}`m qmnkgem

emmpola{ qopj pjm Jmi` gc Jg}{m. pjm [mlogr P}pgr. pjm

@mil il` D}logr @mil{. pjm emòkin {picc il` gpjmr{,

Pjm iki`meok olcgreipogl kglsmm` gl pjm{m gkki{ogl{

olkn}`m{ pjm grailo{ipogl gc p}pgroin pmikjola ol Vmebrghm.

pjm ioe gc p}pgroin{. il` jgq pg {p}` ip }losmr{op.

olkn}òla i`sokm gl qjip vniaoiro{e o{ il` lgp pg `g op,

1

a}oìlkm ibg}p agg` vrikpokm, I lmq {}b%arg}v o{ ibg}p

pg pr pg col` g}p qj i l}ebmr gc {p}`mlp{ ivvirmlpn

`gl‟p pjolh pjm irm aosml mlg}aj olcgreipogl ibg}p jgq

pjmy irm amppola gl,





:

;, Vokhola }v vrgbnme{

Inn kgnnmam{ v}bno{j olcgreipogl pg pjmor }l mrari`}ipm{

ibg}p pjm {}vvgrp il` i`sokm {mrsokm{ isionibnm pg pjme,

B}p eil {p}`mlp{ qjg mzvmromlkm vrgbnme{ `g lgp

{mmh g}p i{{o{pilkm, Oc {}kj i vrgbnme iccmkp{ i {p}`mlp‟{

iki`meok qgrh. pjo{ o{ nohmn pg bm vokhm` }v ol i l}ebmr gc

qi{, Pjm p}pgr qonn lgpm lgl%ippmlìlkm ip i p}pgroin il`

`mknolm ol y}inop gc p}pgroin qgrh, I {p}`mlp ei vmrcgre

vggrn ip ‚Kgnnmkpogl{‟ *rmemebmr pjg{m7/ il` pjo{ qonn bm

gb{mrsm` bgpj b pjm p}pgr{ il` pjm [mlogr P}pgr qjml

rmkmosola pjm eirh{, Ol {}kj ki{m{. g}r vrgkm`}rm i`so{m{

pjip pjm eippmr o{ olopoinn ò{k}{{m` bmpqmml p}pgr il`

{p}`mlp. il`. oc pjo{ cion{ pg rm{gnsm pjm vrgbnme. pjip pjm

eippmr bm rmcmrrm` pg pjm [mlogr P}pgr,

I`òpoglinn. i vrgbnme ei bm mpmkpm` ol pjm cikm%pg%cikm

emmpola qopj pjm p}pgr. [mlogr P}pgr gr Ei{pmr ip pjm

emmpola {kjm`}nm` ip pjm ml` gc eg{p pmre{. qjokj

Vmebrghm kinn{ ‚Iki`meok Rmsomq‟. }rola qjokj

rmvgrp{ gl pjm {p}`mlp‟{ qgrh {olkm pjm ni{p rmsomq qonn

bm ò{k}{{m` qopj pjm {p}`mlp, Oc pjmrm o{ i vrgbnme. pjm

[mlogr P}pgr qonn lgreinn irrilam pg emmp pjm {p}`mlp

icpmrqir`{ cgr il ol%`mvpj o{k}{{ogl,

O {vml` i kgl{o`mribnm ieg}lp gc poem ol {}kj emmpola{,

Pjmrm kg}n` bm }v pg =6 `}rola i {olanm pmre, B lg emil{

inn ki{m{ irm {mrog}{. b}p pjm l}ebmr o{ {}rvro{olan joaj,

O inqi{ {mm pjm {p}`mlp pgampjmr qopj Er{ Dikhom Nmqo{.

pjm Iki`meok Rmao{prir, Icpmr pjm emmpola O qonn qropm pg pjm

{p}`mlp {mppola g}p i {}eeir gc g}r ò{k}{{ogl. olkn}òla

il ikpogl pg bm pihml. il` i{hola pjm {p}`mlp pg nmp em

hlgq oc jm'{jm `gm{ lgp iarmm qopj ilpjola O jism qroppml,

Pjo{ cgk}{m{ pjm {p}`mlp‟{ ippmlpogl. il` vrgso`m{ il

oevgrpilp rmkgr` gc msmlp{,



0, [}vvgrp {{pme{

Ol e mzvmromlkm. vggr iki`meok vmrcgreilkm o{ smr gcpml

i {evpge gc {gem bikharg}l` vrgbnme. {}kj i{ i jminpj

gr cieon o{{}m, [mlogr P}pgr{ g lgp. gc kg}r{m. pjme{mnsm{

vrgso`m kg}l{mnnola gr gpjmr pjmrivm}pok prmipemlp,

Jgqmsmr. pjmrm o{ i kgl{o`mribnm irri gc rm{vgl{m{

isionibnm pg pjme qjokj `mvml` gl pjm lip}rm gc pjm ki{m,

Pjm{m olkn}`m4

i, Noio{ola qopj p}pgr{ il` rm{gnsola ily vrgbnme qjokj

eiy nom ol pjm p}pgroin rmnipogl{jov

b, I`so{ola gl nmirlola {honn{. gr qjmrm {}kj i`sokm eiy

bm cg}l`

k, I`so{ola pjip pjm {p} mlp kgl{}np pjm ]losmr{opy

@o{ibonopy Gccokm

`, I`so{ola gl jgq colilkoin jmnv eiy bm vrgso`m`

m, I`so{ola pjm {p}`mlp pg kgl{}np i amlmrin vrikpopoglmr

*}{}inny ol pjm vrikpokm i{{gkoipm` qopj pjm kgnnmam/.

pjm Kgnnmam l}r{m. Kjivniol. gr pjm ]losmr{opy

Kg}l{mnnola [mrsokm

c, I`so{ola pjm {p}`mlp pg {}{vml` *gr olpmreop/ jo{ gr

jmr kg}r{ma, I`so{ola pjm {p}`mlp pg qopj`riq crge pjm kg}r{m

j, @minola qopj ièolo{priposm eippmr{ rmnipm` pg ily gc

pjm ibgsm

Qm in{g jism vrgkm`}rm{ pg {mp }v i vrgarieem gc

iki`meok rmjibonopipogl. pg bm }{m`. cgr mzievnm. qjmrm

{p}`mlp{ jism inngqm` pjme{mnsm{ pg bmkgem ò{prikpm`

crge pjmor {p}òm{. gr lmm` i egrm {pr}kp}rm` mlsorglemlp

ol gr`mr pg oevrgsm pjmor grailo{ipoglin {honn{, Pjm{m inngq

pjm [mlogr P}pgr. ol kgl{}npipogl qopj pjm {p}`mlp‟{ {}bdmkp

p}pgr{. pg {mp pjm {p}`mlp {vmkocok agin{ qjokj pjm {p}`mlp

iarmm{ irm rmi{glibnm pg ikjomsm. {}kj i{ vrgevp

ippmlìlkm ip p}pgroin{ vrgvmrn vrmvirm`. gr pjm ippiolemlp

gc kmrpiol {pilìr`{ ol Kgnnmkpogl{, Cion}rm pg ikjomsm {}kj

agin{ ei rm{}np ol i c}rpjmr ò{k}{{ogl. il` lmqn {mp

agin{ qjokj kg}n` bmkgem kglòpogl{ qjokj e}{p bm emp

oc pjm {p}`mlp o{ pg bm inngqm` pg kglpol}m gl kg}r{m,

[p}`mlp{ }{}inn rm{vgl` vg{oposmn pg {}kj emi{}rm{ il`

kil ol kgl{my}mlkm oevrgsm pjmor iki`meok vmrcgreilkm

kgl{o`mribn,

?

=, Mzieolipogl {}vvgrp

Pjm [mlogr P}pgr il` {}vvgrpola {picc vni i {oalocokilp virp

ol {}vvgrpola {p}`mlp{ ol pjm mzieolipogl vrgkm{{, Ivirp

crge minola qopj pjm vivmrqgrh *mlprom{. ivvnokipogl{ cgr

mzpml{ogl{ il` {g gl/. pjm vrgkm{{ pjm olkrmi{ola l}ebmr

gc ivvnokipogl{ cgr siroipogl gc vrgkm`}rm bmki}{m gc

{vmkoin lmm`{, Siroipogl{ gc vrgkm`}rm ol mzieolipogl

jism pg bm ivvrgsm` ol mikj ki{m b pjm Vrgkpgr{. il`

ivvnokipogl{ lmm` pg bm {}vvgrpm` b emòkin gr gpjmr

ivvrgsm` kmrpocokipogl, Pjm [mlogr P}pgr qonn i`so{m

{p}`mlp{ gl pjm{m eippmr{ il` vrgkm{{ pjm ivvnokipogl,

Gcpml pjm siroipogl qonn bm {}kj pjip pjm mzieolipogl

lmm`{ pg bm pihml ol kgnnmam, Pjm [mlogr P}pgr‟{ gccokm o{

rm{vgl{obnm cgr eihola pjm lmkm{{ir irrilamemlp{,

Pjo{ lgp gln emil{ colòla ivvrgvroipm rgge%{vikm il`

vrgvmrn priolm` olsoaonipgr{. b}p in{g eihola }loy}m

vrgso{ogl. {}kj i{ {vmkoinn iìvpm` noajpola. gr virpok}nir

{mipola. gr ml{}rola pjm isionibonop gc emòkipogl. il`

gpjmr cgre{ gc {}vvgrp, Ol {gem ki{m{ kilòìpm{ lmm`

pg bm ‚olkirkmripm`‟. gkki{oglinn gsmrloajp. {g pjm killgp

kgee}lokipm qopj {p}`mlp{ qjg jism pihml ilmzieolipogl bmcgrm pjme, Mzieolmm{ jism bmml hlgql pg

bm ikkgeegìpm` gsmrloajp ol pjm vrosipm jgem{ gc p}pgr{

gr [mlogr P}pgr{,

[mlogr P}pgr{ irm in{g pjm cor{p kinn gc {p}`mlp{ qjg irm

iaaromsm` qopj pjmor mzieolipogl rm{}np{ gr il gpjmr

i{vmkp gc pjm mzieolipogl vrgkm{{, [}kj aromsilkm{ lmm`

pg bm olsm{poaipm` b pjm Vrgkpgr{, Jgqmsmr. [mlogr P}pgr{

qonn i`so{m pjm {p}`mlp. il` jmnv `ricp pjm {pipmemlp gc

kgevniolp gr ivvmin, Pjm{m kork}e{pilkm{ kil bm smr

{prm{{c}n cgr {p}`mlp{ il` {}kj jmnv o{ oevgrpilp pg pjme,Ol kmrpiol ki{m{. qjmrm i {p}`mlp o{ rmy}orm` pg bm

olpmrsomqm` b pjm Vrgkpgr{. op qonn bm kgeegl cgr pjm

{p}`mlp pg bm ikkgevilom` b pjm [mlogr P}pgr ip pjm

emmpola, Pjm dgb ji{ op{ egemlp{ ,,,O pjolh O qonn eo{{ op,



96


Ol{vorola Rm{mirkj b Cmnngq{ gc @o{polkpogl

Ip Vmebrghm Kgnnmam qm irm {}kkm{{c}n ol ipprikpola il` rmpiolola pjm joajm{p y}inop

iki`meok {picc, G}r Cmnngq{ irm olsgnsm` ol il mzprmemn òsmr{m rilam gc rm{mirkj

pgvok{,

Bml @iso{ *Kjmeo{pr/

Vrgcm{{gr Bml @iso{ il` jo{ pmie irm k}rrmlpn rm{mirkjola Pjm Kjmeokin Bognga gc

Kirbgj`ripm{ il` Vrgpmol{, Pjm rmikpogl{ il` eilov}nipogl{ gc {}air{ jism ci{kolipm`

grailok kjmeo{p{ cgr gsmr i kmlp}r il` pjo{ qgrh o{ k}neolipola pgì ol i jg{p gc lmq

`r}a{ cgr prmipola o{mi{m,

Pjm bogngaokin rgnm{ gc kirbgj`ripm{ jism }lpon rmniposmn rmkmlpn bmml somqm i{ {oevnm

glm{4 i{ {g}rkm{ gc mlmra. m,a, an}kg{m. gr i{ vgnemrok b}onòla eipmroin{. m,a, kjopol

ol krib {jmnn{. kmnn}ng{m ol qgg`, Jgqmsmr. op o{ bmkgeola olkrmi{olan knmir pjip

gnoag{ikkjiro`m{. kirbgj`ripm{ ol {einn kn}{pmr{. ikp i{ eirhmr{ ol oevgrpilp rmkgalopogl

vrgkm{{m{ {}kj i{ eokrgboin olcmkpogl. kilkmr empi{pi{o{ il` kmnn}nir i`jm{ogl ol

olcnieeipogl, Pjm ivvnokipogl gc il }l`mr{pilòla gc {}kj {{pme{ gl i c}lìemlpin

nmsmn. nmi`{ pg pjm `m{oal. {lpjm{o{ il` egòcokipogl gc vgpmlpoin pjmrivm}pok il`

bogpmkjlgngaokinn ivvnokibnm {{pme{,

A}o`g Bgl{ismr *Opinoil/@r Bgl{ismr o{ k}rrmlpn qgrhola gl i bogarivj gc Aimpilg Vonipo. i {}kkm{{c}n {mnc%ei`m

mlprmvrmlm}r. olsmlpgr il` [gkoino{p eonopilp honnm` b pjm Ci{ko{p{ ol 9?2=, I{ J}eilopom{

Kg%gròlipgr cgr pjm olpmrò{kovnolir lmpqgrh Opinoil [p}òm{ ip Gzcgr`. jm o{ in{g olsgnsm` ol

pqg rm{mirkj vrgdmkp{ gl pjm jo{pgr il` rmvrm{mlpipogl gc Opinoil eoaripogl,

Eirh Crokhmr *Bogngaokin [komlkm{/

Pjo{ mir @r Eirh Crokhmr ji{ bmml v}r{}ola ol `mvpj jo{ olpmrm{p ol kgevnmzop {komlkm il`

lmpqgrh pjmgr, Jm ji{ `msmngvm` oeiaola pmkjloy}m{ pg kjirikpmro{m c}lain lmpqgrh{. il`

eiv cn}zm{ gc l}promlp{ i{ pjm irm ò{prob}pm` ol rm{vgl{m pg kjilam{ ol ngkin {}vvn il`

`meil`,

Pjm{m qgg`nil` c}lao cgre pjm eg{p mzpml{osm il` vmr{o{pmlp bogngaokin lmpqgrh{ hlgql.

il` ikjomsm i agg` binilkm bmpqmml joaj pril{vgrp mccokomlk. rm{onomlkm pg ippikh il` pjm

kg{p gc b}onòla pjm lmpqgrh, Op o{ vg{{obnm pjip {gn}pogl{ cg}l` qonn omn` }{mc}n ol{oajp{ olpg

pjm m{oal gc `mngkino{m`. rgb}{p olcri{pr}kp}rm lmpqgrh{ ol gpjmr geiol{,

Vrgcm{{gr Bml @iso{

@r A}o`g Bgl{ismr

Eirh Crokhmr



99

Hml Eiyjmq *Mkglgeok{/

Hml Eijmq qi{ rmkmlpn ei`m Vrgcm{{gr gc M`}kipogl il` Mkglgeok Vmrcgreilkm,

Jm o{ in{g @ormkpgr gc pjm M[RK Rm{mirkj Kmlprm gl [honn{. Hlgqnmàm il` Grailo{ipoglin

Vmrcgreilkm *[HGVM/, E}kj gc Hml‟{ gql rm{mirkj ji{ bmml kglkmrlm` qopj pjm

kgevmpoposm {pripmaom{ gc core{ il` pjmor rmnipogl{jov qopj lipoglin mkglgeok cgrp}lm{,

Jm ji{ rmkmlpn v}bno{jm` Ngq Qiam Qgrh ol pjm ]H *R}{{mnn [iam Cg}lìpogl. 266:8

mòpm` qopj K, Nng` il` A, Ei{gl/ qjokj mzvniol{ qj pjm k}rrmlp nmsmn gc ngq%viola qgrh

rmeiol{ glm gc pjm joajm{p ol M}rgvm, K}rrmlpn jm o{ mlaiam` gl i e}npo%lipoglin vrgdmkp

kgl{o`mrola pjm c}p}rm gc ngq ml` qgrh ol M}rgvm il` pjm ][, Jm o{ in{g qgrhola gl joajmr

m`}kipogl ol pjm ]H. i{hola qjmpjmr pjm k}rrmlp {otm gc pjm {mkpgr. nmp inglm vnil{ cgr op{c}rpjmr mzvil{ogl. eihm{ mkglgeok gr o{prob}poglin {ml{m,

Jon`m @m Qmmr`p *Kjolm{m Jo{pgry/

@}rola jmr cor{p mir ip Vmebrghm Kgnnmam. @r, Jon`m @m Qmmr`p msmngvm` lmq p}pgroin{ gl

eg`mrl Kjolm{m jo{pgr il` pjm jo{pgr gc Kjolm{m kopom{, [jm kgevnmpm` pqg irpoknm{ gl

pjm vrolpola il` rmiòla gc mevorm%qo`m Kjolm{m eiv{. il` qrgpm il irpoknm gl moajpmmlpj%

kmlp}r i}pgbogarivjokin qropola, [jm ji{ in{g bmml kgevonola i sgn}em gl pjm mirn jo{pgr

gc pjm }{m{ gc vrolp ol oevmroin Kjoli pg bm v}bno{jm` lmzp mir, Jon`m aism vrm{mlpipogl{ ol

Ngl`gl. [jmccomn`. Gzcgr`. Bipj il` Qirqokh. il` virpokovipm` ol olpmrlipoglin kglcmrmlkm{

ol H}ini N}ev}r. Ipnilpi il` H}leola, [jm qi{ in{g il olsopm` {vmihmr ip il olpmrlipoglin

qgrh{jgv gl pjm pril{cgreipogl gc hlgqnmàm ol Mi{p I{oi jmn` ol [mg}n. Hgrmi,

Pjmg Sil Nolp *Iremloil [p}òm{/

Pjo{ mir Vrgcm{{gr Pjmg Sil Nolp ji{ kglpol}m pg qgrh gl {gem gc pjm vrgdmkp{ pjip

jism gkk}vom` joe gsmr pjm ni{p cmq mir{, Glm ol virpok}nir qi{ virp gc i rm{mirkj vrgdmkp

`mòkipm` pg Pjm Rmkmvpogl gc pjm Pjrglm So{ogl gc Mtmhomn ol Iremloil Nopmrip}rm il` Irp,

Pjmg vrm{mlpm` pqg vivmr{. bgpj kgl{o`mrm i{vmkp{ gc i pmlpj%mnmsmlpj kmlp}r vgme

b Sirìl gc Ilo, Pjm cor{p. ‚Cgr pjm [g}n il` pjm Lipogl, Pjm Rmkmvpogl gc Mtmhomn‟{ Pjrglm

So{ogl ol Iremloi‟. qi{ rmi` ip pjm kglcmrmlkm ip pjm Jmbrmq ]losmr{op gc Dmr}{inme ol

D}lm 2661, Pjm {mkgl`. mlpopnm` ‚Sirìl gc Ilo‟{ Vilmarok mòkipm` pg pjm @osolm Kjirogp‟.

qi{ vrm{mlpm`. ol Iremloil. ol Gkpgbmr 266: pg pjm Nmsgl Hjikjohil ?6pj Illosmr{ir

Kglcmrmlkm, Pjm{m vivmr{ qonn cgre virp gc i eglgarivj gl Sirìl gc Ilo‟{ vgme,Pjmg Sil Nolp

@r Jon`m @m Qmmr`p

Vrgcm{{gr Hml Eiyjmq



92

Kgnnmam Broajpmlola

Pjm Jgem B}r{ir Rmsomq{ pjm _mir 2661'6:

Lgr jism {vgrpola cikonopom{ bmml oalgrm`, Pjm bgipjg}{m

qi{ aosml i cikm%nocp ol poem cgr Moajp{ Qmmh8 op ji{ lmq

ae my}ovemlp. i rmc}rbo{jm` {jgqmr rgge il` lmq

rikhola, @gql ip pjm {vgrp{ arg}l`. pjm }l{oajpn cgremr

{y}i{j kg}rp{ jism bmml megno{jm` cgnngqola i corm, Qm

irm vnillola pg rmvnikm pjme qopj i {oevnm {pgriam {jm`

cgr inn pjm arg}l`{eil‟{ my}ovemlp,

Kglcmrmlkm olkgem ji{ rmeiolm` b}gilp il` qm qmrm

gln d}{p l}àm` g}p gc pjm pgv pml kglcmrmlkm mirlmr{

ikrg{{ pjm ]losmr{op b {oalocokilp }vnocp{ ol pjm p}rlgsmr gc

pjrmm kgnnmam{ qjg jism bmlmcopm` crge brolaola gl nolm

eidgr lmq cikonopom{, Qm rmeiol. pgg. i vgv}nir sml}m cgr

qm`òla{ cgr {picc. cgremr {p}`mlp{ il` gpjmr{ qopj

i{{gkoipogl{ qopj pjm Kgnnmam, Pjm Jinn o{ i eialocokmlp

{mppola cgr i qm`òla brmihci{p,

Pjm Qm{p *Kjivmn Y}i`/ cikm gc [piorki{m{ 3 il` 1 icpmr knmilola

il` rmvior gc pjm {pglm qgrh

Pjm Ngàm cnggr icpmr op{ rmkmlp rmc}rbo{jemlp

@irml Bgqymr % Jgem B}r{ir

Kgl{o`mribnm poem. mccgrp. il` eglm kglpol}m pg bm

olsm{pm` ol eiolpiolola il` oevrgsola g}r mzo{pola

b}onòla{ ol gr`mr pg {}{piol il` mljilkm pjm Kgnnmam

i{ i `mnoajpc}n vnikm ol qjokj pg nosm il` qgrh,

Pg oevrgsm ò{ibnm` ikkm{{ pjm {pmv crge pjm ngàm

vi{{iam olpg Gn` Y}i` qi{ rmegsm` il` pjm cnggr amlpn

{ngvm`, Inpjg}aj pjm qgrh qi{ ò{r}vposm. pjm ml` rm{}np.

pgampjmr qopj i cikonop cgr i}pgeipok gvmlola gc pjm eiol

il` Lgrpj Y}i` aipm{. ji{ {oalocokilpn oevrgsm` g}r

ibonop pg emmp pjm lmm`{ gc ò{ibnm` {p}`mlp{. {picc.

so{opgr{ gr a}m{p{,

Pjm knmilm` il rm`mkgripm` ngàm vi{{iam. qopj brghml

cnia{pglm{ rmvnikm`. ji{ in{g armipn oevrgsm` pjm

oeemòipm so{}in oevikp gc pjm Kgnnmam, [oaliam irg}l`

pjm Eiol [opm ji{ in{g bmml rmlmqm` il` oevrgsm`,

Ol pmre{ gc {p}`mlp ikkgeegìpogl il` cikonopom{. qm

jism kglpol}m` qopj g}r vrgarieem gc ari`}inn }variòla

{p}`mlp rgge{ gl pjm eiol {opm. il` ol 2661'6: {vmlp

kgl{o`mribnm poem il` eglm oevrgsola pjm {jgqmr rggecikonopom{ il` jmipola gl {msmrin {piorki{m{ ol pjm Lgrpj

Y}i`, I eidgr rmc}rbo{jemlp vrgdmkp gc glm gc pjm Kgnnmam‟{

ari`}ipm ikkgeegìpogl jg}{m{ qi{ }l`mrpihml ‛

olkn}òla i`òla i c}rpjmr bm`rgge, Qm in{g ji` e}kj gc

pjm {pglmqgrh gc Gn` Y}i` knmilm`. il` {oalocokilp rmvior{

ji` pg bm kirrom` g}p,

Gpjmr qgrh ji{ olkn}`m` pjm krmipogl gc pqg Cmnngq{‟ rgge{

ibgsm pjm EKR ol [piorki{m ;. rmvnikmemlp gc inn pjm gn`

orgl vovm%qgrh ol [piorki{m 92 il` c}rpjmr rmc}rbo{jemlp gc

[piorki{m 9;. olkn}òla vrgso{ogl gc i ‚pg}kj%`gql‟ rgge

cgr g}r vrgcm{{groin cmnngq{,



9;

I vgv}nir sml}m cgr [}eemr [kjggn{.

Kglcmrmlkm{ il` Qm`òla{

Pjm EKR ‚Qgg` Rgge‟ `rm{{m` i{ Vrgcm{{gr R}pjmrcgr`‟{ [p}`y ol Nmqo{

Cmq kil pjolh gc Gzcgr` qopjg}p pjolhola gc OPS‟{ ‚Ol{vmkpgr

Egr{m‟ il` Vmebrghm ji{ cg}l` i rgnm ol pjm nipm{p {mrom{

gc pjm {vol%gcc. ‚Nmqo{‟, Ol glm mvo{g`m pjm EKR‟{ ‚Qgg`

Rgge‟ qonn vni pjm {p}` gc il mkkmlprok Mavpgngao{p, Ol

ilgpjmr. pjm Kgnnmam qonn rmvrm{mlp pjm Cik}np gc E}{ok il`

{gem ikpogl pihm{ vnikm ol pjm kjivmn, Glm gc g}r {mkgl`

mir {p}`mlp{. Rikjmn Croajp. vrgso`m` pjm ‚jil` `g}bnm‟

cgr il ikprm{{ qjg kg}n`l‟p vni pjm voilg, @ipm{ cgr

brgi`ki{p irm nohmn pg bm nipm Cmbr}ir'mirn Eirkj 266?,

Vmebrghm Kgnnmam kglpol}m{ pg bm i vgv}nir ngkipogl cgr

eil. sirom` msmlp{ qjokj pihm vnikm }rola pjm sikipogl{,

@}rola 2661'6: pjmrm qmrm pjrmm qm`òla{ gc Vmebrghoil

in}elo, Agr`gl B}zpgl *9?:3/. [iri Ci}nhlmr *9??=/ il`

Rg{{ Grpgl *9??:/ qjg eirrom` cmnngq Vmebrghoil N}k

Vokhir` *9???/,

Vmebrghm o{ in{g i {g}ajp icpmr sml}m cgr kglcmrmlkm{,

Cgr ol{pilkm Pjm Gzcgr` Rg}l` Pibnm Grailo{ipogl ji{

}{m` Vmebrghm i{ i sml}m cgr op{ kglcmrmlkm{ cgr {gem

mir{, Vrgcm{{gr Hmrl Inmzil`mr *9?11/. il in}el}{ gc

Vmebrghm qjg {mrsm{ ol i sgn}lpmmr kivikop i{ glm gc

pjmor kg%gròlipgr{. rmkmlpn {mlp }{ {gem smr vg{oposm

cmm`bikh,

Qm jism inqi{ cisg}rm` Vmebrghm. lgp emrmn bmki}{m

gc g}r ari`}ipm kgllmkpogl. b}p in{g bmki}{m qm jism

cg}l` Vmebrghm pg bm i `mnoajpc}n sml}m cgr g}r

rmkmvpogl{ *Brgi aipm{ Jinn/. òllmr{ ol Jinn. il` in{g

kglsmlomlp rgge ikkgeegìpogl{, O {jg}n` {i pjip pjm

{picc ip Vmebrghm jism inqi{ bmml eg{p kglamloin il`

jmnvc}n ol msmr qi cgr g}r kglcmrmlkm virpokovilp{,

I siromp gc gpjmr kgevilom{ il` grailo{ipogl{ in{g

bgghm` pg jgn` pjmor kglcmrmlkm{ il` emmpola{ ip

Vmebrghm {}kj i{ pjm Rgin Ol{pop}pm gc Kjirpmrm`

[}rsmgr{ il` pjm Aip{b Kjiropibnm Pr}{p qjg kgem

msmr mir il` pjm [PIK Kgl{}npilk qjg kgem pqokm

i mir,

Ip Mi{pmr 2661 Vmebrghm jg{pm` il mlpmrpiolola il`

{}kkm{{c}n rm{o`mlpoin msmlp cgr _mir 96 {p}`mlp{ crge {pipm

{kjggn{ pjrg}ajg}p pjm [g}pj Mi{p ioem` ip mlkg}riaola

pjme pg {mp pjmor {oajp{ gl i ]losmr{op M`}kipogl, Pjm {pi

agp gcc pg i `rieipok {pirp qjml i ‚bg`‟ qi{ ò{kgsmrm`

ol Kjivmn Y}i`, Pjm kjon`rml pjml ji` pg {gnsm pjm kroem

qopj pjm jmnv gc kn}m{ ò{kgsmrm` gl i pg}r gc Gzcgr` il`

iki`meok {m{{ogl{, Vmebrghoil [olmi` Ainniajmr *266;/

qi{ pjm grailo{mr il` o{ Ikkm{{ Kg%gròlipgr ip Gzcgr`

]losmr{op, Pjm msmlp ipprikpm` e}kj v}bnokop crge pjm

ngkin vrm{{, I {mkgl` Ikkm{{ msmlp o{ vnillm` cgr Mi{pmr

266:,



90

Pjm [p}`mlp Mzvmromlkm

Lgp d}{p inn qgrh

Kjro{ Bmllmpp{ % DKR Vrm{o`mlp 2661'6:

Kjro{ Ire{prgla % EKR Vrm{o`mlp 2661'6:

[ibroli Biàmr % EKR Vrm{o`mlp 2661'6:

Pjm DKR il` EKR kglpol}m pg pjrosm,

Ol 2661'6: Kjro{ Bmllmpp{ qi{ DKR Vrm{o`mlp il`

bgpj Kjro{ Ire{prgla il` [ibroli Biàmr {mrsm` i{

EKR Vrm{o`mlp{,

Kgeeoppmm{ gc bgpj pjm DKR il` EKR jism emebmr{

qjg rmvrm{mlp pjm eil òccmrmlp i{vmkp{ gc nocm

mzvmromlkm` qopjol Vmebrghm4 [gkoin ikposopom{.

Qmncirm. [vgrp{. Ikkm{{ il` Iki`meok Iccior{ i{ qmnn

i{ E}{ok il` @riei, Pjmrm irm msml {g%kinnm`

Viviritto rmvrm{mlpiposm{,

Ol i rmkmlp rmvgrp. Kjro{ Bmllmpp{ lgpm`4

Pjm DKR ji{ {prosm` pg krmipm il olkn}{osm il`

rmvrm{mlpiposm DKR il` pjo{ ji{ bmml `mmvn oeb}m` ol

msmrpjola qm‟sm `glm pjo{ mir, Qm jism in{g mzpml`m`

pjo{ mpjg{ bmgl` k}rrmlp pg vrg{vmkposm {p}`mlp{8 pjm

DKR lgq ji{ i `m okipm` Ikkm{{ Gccokmr. c}l`m` b pjm

DKR. pg vrgegpm pjm brgi mlola gc ikkm{{ il`

ièo{{ogl{ ip Vmebrghm,

_g} kil rmi` egrm ibg}p Ikkm{{ il` {p}`mlp olsgnsmemlp

ol pjm vrgarieem gl viam 93, Kirrola cgrqir` i pjmem

g}pnolm` b Dgjl Mmhmniir ol ni{p mir‟{ Ill}in Rmvgrp.

Vmebrghm‟{ Ikkm{{ vrgarieem jmnv{ pg ò{vmn epj{

ibg}p Gzcgr` Kgnnmam nocm cgr vgpmlpoin ivvnokilp{ qjg ei

lgp jism kgl{o`mrm` Gzcgr` cgr pjmor m`}kipogl,

Kjro{ Bmllmpp{ kglpol}m`4

[p}`mlp{ in{g sgpm` pg ivvgrpogl i armipmr marmm gc

DKR c}lòla pg qmncirm vrgso{ogl il`. i{ i rm{}np.

egrm pjil pqmnsm {p}`mlp{ jism bmml priolm` i{ vmmr {}vvgrpmr{, Vmebrghm Kgnnmam ei bm {einn b}p op

kglpol}m` pg gccmr {p}`mlp{ i armip cmmnola gc bmola virp

gc i kgee}lop. ineg{p i cieon. qjokj jmnv{ pjme {mppnm

ol y}okhn il` mldg i sobrilp nocm bgpj iki`meokinn

il` {gkoinn,



Pjm E}{okin pinmlp{ gc pjm EKR qmrm joajnoajpm` gl sirog}{

gkki{ogl{. olkn}òla ip pjm pmren Ei{pmr‟{ rmkopin{. i{ qmnn

i{ ip i rmkopin aosml b g}r pinmlpm` voilo{p. Meonog Bglcoanog.

qjg qi{ dgolm` b pjm Amreil grailo{p. Kjro{pgvj

G{pml`grc,

Vmebrghm‟{ EKR lgp gln mzkmnnm` {gkoinn pjo{ mir b}p

eil gc op{ emebmr{ jism ji` pjmor qgrh v}bno{jm` ol

dg}rlin{ il` bmml olsopm` pg kglcmrmlkm{ ikrg{{ pjm qgrn`,

Kjro{ Ire{prgla‟{ voamgl{ qmrm cmip}rm` gl BBK‟{ ‚Pjm

Glm [jgq‟. i Kjillmn = `gk}emlpir il` gl BBK riòg)

Vmebrghm o{ vrg}` gc pjm qgrh gc bgpj pjm DKR il`

EKR il` cgr pjm qgl`mrc}n il` sirom` mzvmromlkm{ pjm

gccmr bgpj ]l`mrari`}ipm il` Ari`}ipm {p}`mlp{ qjg

cgre virp gc g}r kgee}lop,

9=

Pjo{ {ml{m gc kgee}lop qi{ kglpol}m` pjrg}aj sirog}{

Irp{ ikposopom{4

Pjo{ mir‟{ Irp{‟ Qmmh kgmrkm` i eroi` gc {p}`mlp{ olpg

amppola olsgnsm` ol ngp{ gc òccmrmlp Irp{ rmnipm` msmlp{

il` ikposopom{ olkn}òla8 i loajp gc kgem . il icpmrlggl

gc ‚i‟kivmnni‟ {olaola il` pjrmm ì{ gc ‚I Eo`{}eemr

Loajp‟{ @rmie‟,

Pjm Vmebrghm EKR kglpol}m pg bm glm gc pjm eg{p ikposm

ari`}ipm kgeegl rgge{ ol Gzcgr`. qopj pjmor pmren

bily}mp{ vikhm` qopj a}m{p{ crge irg}l` Gzcgr` il`

vnmlp gc mzkopola {gkoin msmlp{ il` ikposopom{,

Pjm cggpbinn pmie. pjm [e}rc{. kmnmbripm` pjmor cor{p qol ol

rmkmlp jo{pgr il` EKR emebmr{ glkm iaiol ei`m i

{prgla kglprob}pogl pg pjm Vmebrghm Kgnnmam Bgip Kn}b

qopj lg nm{{ pjil jinc gc pjm eml{‟ cor{p {}eemr moajp{

bgip kgeola crge pjm EKR,



93

Pjm [p}`mlp Mzvmromlkm

Pjm Vme%Brgghm [}eemr [kjggn

Vmpmr Kni}{ % Nmkp}rmr ol Jo{pgr

Vme%Brgghm o{ i }loy}m kgnnibgripogl gc pqg ol{pop}pogl{

qopj pjrmm ioe{4

• Pg olkrmi{m pjm l}ebmr gc ivvnokilp{ pg pjm ]losmr{op

gc Gzcgr` crge pjm Jikhlm il` lmoajbg}rola irmi{

gc Ngl`gl{ Mi{p Ml`. lgp d}{p B[oz [ozpj Cgre kgnnmam,

• Pg olkrmi{m pjm l}ebmr gc Mi{p Ml` {p}`mlp{ crge

pjip irmi ip pjm ]losmr{op gc Gzcgr`. lgp d}{p Vmebrghm

Kgnnmam,

• Pg rio{m pjm i{voripogl{ gc g}la vmgvnm {g pjip pjm

aiol vnikm{ ip Gzcgr`. gr {oeonir rm{mirkj%olpml{osm

}losmr{opom{ il` irm pjgrg}ajn vrmvirm` pg {}kkmm`

qjml pjm amp pjmrm,

Pjo{ olopoiposm emil{ pjip. pgampjmr. qm kil ikjomsm g}r

kgeegl agin gc eihola {}rm. lgp lmkm{{iron pjip niram

l}ebmr{ gc {p}`mlp{ kjgg{m pjm Gzcgr` rg}pm cgr pjmor

c}rpjmr m`}kipoglin mzvmromlkm. b}p pjip lg glm oalgrm{

pjip vg{{obonop gr v}p{ op g}p gc pjmor eol` cgr rmi{gl{

qjokj irm bi{m` gl epj{ il` }lqirrilpm` cmir{,

Pjm [}eemr [kjggn ei`m em iqirm gc pjm oevgrpilkm

gc ònoamlkm, Pjm qmmh qi{ armip, O agp pg hlgq pjip

vmgvnm pjip ag pg Gzcgr` irm d}{p olpmrm{pola. c}l il`

jir` qgrhola vmgvnm,

Cmeo @isom{. B[oz I Nmsmn [p}`mlp

Op o{ pr}m pjip i smr joaj vrgvgrpogl gc Gzcgr` {p}`mlp{

kgem crge i eolgrop gc {kjggn{ ol pjm kg}lpr, Pjo{ o{

lgp. jgqmsmr. `}m pg Gzcgr` `mnobmripmn ò{kroeolipola

iaiol{p gpjmr {kjggn{ gr vgpmlpoin {p}`mlp{ crge ‚nm{{

vrosonmam`‟ bikharg}l`{, Ol cikp. pjm rmin rmi{gl o{

pjip op o{ smr òccok}np pg amp ilpjola nohm mlg}aj

ivvnokipogl{ crge pjg{m gpjmr {kjggn{, Op {mme{ pjip

cgr i {otmibnm vrgvgrpogl gc vgpmlpoin ivvnokilp{. pjm

sorp}m{ gc {p}òla kmrpiol {}bdmkp{ ol Gzcgr` irm

lgp {g rmiòn ivvirmlp i{ pjm irm cgr gpjmr vgpmlpoin

kilòìpm{,

Ol I}a}{p 266: Vmebrghm. cgr pjm cor{p poem. gccmrm`

{p}`mlp{ crge mi{p Ngl`gl i rmeirhibnm gvvgrp}lop ‛ pjm

kjilkm pg nosm i{ {p}`mlp{ ol il Gzcgr` kgnnmam cgr i qmmh.

rm{mirkjola ol pjm nobrir. qropola m{{i{ cgr p}pgroin{. il`

amlmrinn mzvmromlkola i noppnm gc qjip nocm ip Gzcgr` o{ nohm,

Pjm kg}r{m qi{ grailo{m` b @r Vmpmr Kni}{. i Jo{pgr

Nmkp}rmr ip Vmebrghm. il` Rmbmkki Qon{gl. Ièo{{ogl{

il` Ikkm{{ Gccokmr ip pjm kgnnmam. pgampjmr qopj {picc ipBrgghmjg}{m [ozpj Cgre Kgnnmam ol Jikhlm, Pjo{ qi{ i

armip gvvgrp}lop cgr ]l`mrari`}ipm{ il` Vg{pari`}ipm{

crge Vmebrghm pg amp olsgnsm` emlpgrola il` p}pgrola pjm

so{opola {p}`mlp{, Vmebrghm Cmnngq{ agp olsgnsm` ol aosola

{meolir{. qgrh{jgv{ il` nmkp}rm{,



91

[}vvgrpola {p}`mlp{ colilkoinn [p}`mlp{ Kirola Cgr Irp. Irp [}vvgrpola [p}`mlp{

Ni{p mir. pjm Ill}in Rmvgrp cmip}rm` i no{p gc pjm

{kjgnir{jov{ il` b}r{irom{ isionibnm pg {p}`mlp{ ip pjm

Kgnnmam, Vmebrghm kglpol}m{ pg gccmr pjo{ rilam gc bmlmcop{

il` pg bm kgeeoppm` pg {}vvgrpola inn {p}`mlp{ `}rola

pjmor poem ip }losmr{op iki`meokinn. vmr{glinn i{ qmnn i{

colilkoinn. ikkgròla pg lmm`, Eil iqir`{. b}r{irom{.

{kjgnir{jov{. mzjobopogl{ il` vrotm{ iro{m crge amlmrg}{

`glipogl{ crge in}elo il` croml`{ gc pjm kgnnmam,

Pjm{m olkn}`m jir`{jov arilp{ pg jmnv {p}`mlp{ ol colilkoin

òccok}np, Pjm Gzcgr` Gvvgrp}lop b}r{ir {kjmem qi{

olprg`}km` by pjm ]losmr{opy ol 2660 icpmr pjm Agsmrlemlp‟{

olprg`}kpogl gc pgv%}v cmm{, Op o{ i ]losmr{op%qo`m

vrgarieem cgr inn Kgnnmam{ il` op ioe{ pg rmegsm pjm

colilkoin birromr{ qjokj gcpml vrmsmlp colilkoinn%

ò{i`silpiam` b}p iki`meokinn aocpm` ]H il` M]

{p}`mlp{ crge {p}òla ol Gzcgr`,

Ol 2661'6: Vmebrghm {p}`mlp{ rmkmosm` «923.666

kgevirm` pg «=;.666 ol 2663'61, Ari`}ipm {kjgnir{jov{

irm }v b 966-, Ol 2661'6: pjm kgnnmam vio` g}p «2:.666

kgevirm` pg «90.666 ol 2663'61,

Gpjmr ]l`mrari`}ipm {kjgnir{jov{ in{g {iq il olkrmi{m

gc 30- *«09.666/ ol 2661'6: kgevirm` pg «2=.666 ol

2663'61, Gpjmr cgre{ gc colilkoin {}vvgrp {}kj i{ prismn

arilp{ il` i{{o{pilkm pgqir`{ iki`meok%rmnipm` mzvml{m{.

i{ qmnn i{ vrotm{ il` {kjgnir{jov{ aosml ol rmkgalopogl gc

iki`meok {}kkm{{. kglpol}m pg bm gccmrm` ikrg{{ pjm

bgir`,

Ol i`òpogl pg pjm sirog}{ {g}rkm{ gc c}lòla joajnoajpm`

ol ni{p mir‟{ Rmvgrp. Vmebrghm‟{ DKR Irp C}l` o{ ilgpjmr

{g}rkm gc arilp eglom{ cgr g}r {p}`mlp{ ‛ qopj }loy}m

groaol{,

Ol 9?01. Vmebrghm }l`mrari`}ipm Ilpjgl Memr ji` pjm

so{oglir o`mi gc b}onòla il irp kgnnmkpogl b {mppola }v i

DKR Irp C}l`. pihola i {}b{krovpogl gc «9 i pmre crge mikj

}l`mrari`}ipm kglprob}pgr, Pjm {pgr pjmrmicpmr o{ qmnn%

hlgql pg eg{p Vmebrghoil{, I{ pjm kgnnmkpogl eip}rm`.

il` gl pjm {prmlapj gc pjm {inm cgr «066.666 {gem =6

mir{ nipmr gc i {oalocokilp qgrh b Crilko{ Bikgl. pjm C}l`

kr{pinno{m` virp gc op{ oljmrmlp sin}m, Msmr {olkm. pjm C}l` ‛

lgq i Rmao{pmrm` Kjirop eiliam` b i kgeeoppmm gc

eioln Vmebrghm {p}`mlp Pr}{pmm{ ‛ ji{ hmvp pjm

vrgkmm`{ }l`mr vrgcm{{oglin eiliamemlp. gkki{oglinn

il` gvvgrp}lo{pokinn b}ola lmq irp cgr pjm kgnnmkpogl qjonm

ml{}rola pjm mzo{pola qgrh{ gc irp irm qmnn kirm` cgr,

Op o{ vmrjiv{ nm{{ qmnn hlgql pjip pjm Pr}{pmm{ gc pjm C}l`

eihm rma}nir }{m gc pjm olkgem op `mrosm{ crge c}l`{

olsm{pm` pg iqir` prismn il` gkki{oglin jir`{jov arilp{

pg }l`mrari`}ipm{, Ol 2661'6:. pjm C}l` iqir`m` prismn

arilp{ pgpinnola «2.6=6 pg 92 {p}`mlp{ il` jmnvm` pjme

qopj iki`meok gr kg}r{m%rmnipm` so{op{ pg kg}lprom{ qjokj

olkn}`m` P}rhm. Kjoli. Ol`glm{oi. Divil il` Amreil,

Bikharg}l` pihml crge i violpola ol pjm DKR Irp kgnnmkpogl,



9:

[prmlapjmlola pjm binilkm {jmmp % b}onòla cgr pjm c}p}rm

Pjm Colilkoin Vmrcgreilkm gc pjm Kgnnmam

[pripmaok Vnil, Pjm gsmrinn {}rvn}{ qi{ «2?2.666. `gql

«966.666 crge pjm vrmsog}{ mir,

Pjm Kgnnmam‟{ binilkm {jmmp ip pjm mir ml` {prmlapjmlm`

{noajpn crge op{ inrmi` {prgla vg{opogl, Pgpin lmp i{{mp{

rg{m b 2- pg «03,1 eonnogl i{ gvmripola {}rvn}{ il`

kivopin glipogl{ kgevml{ipm` cgr i `mkrmi{m ol pjm sin}m

gc pjm Kgnnmam‟{ olsm{pemlp{ ol pjm kglpmzp gc pjm rmkmlp

eirhmp gqlp}rl, Ml`gqemlp i{{mp olsm{pemlp{ mknolm`

b «9,2 eonnogl pg «;3 eonnogl rm{}npola ol i lmaiposm pgpin

rmp}rl *olsm{pemlp kivopin ng{{ vn}{ òso`ml`{'olpmrm{p

rmkmovp{/ gc ;,=- b}p pjo{ vmrcgreilkm kil bm rmair`m` i{rm{vmkpibnm qjml somqm` ol pjm noajp gc k}rrmlp kglòpogl{

Op {jg}n` bm lgpm` pjip gsmr pjm 3 mir vmrog` pg ;9'61'6:

pjm ismriam pgpin rmp}rl qi{ ?,1- vmr ill}e,

Pjm Kgnnmam pri`m` {}kkm{{c}nny kgsmrola op{ k}rrmlp kg{p{

il` amlmripola c}l`{ qjon{p kglpol}ola pg ikjomsm pjm

gbdmkposm{ {mp g}p ol op{ ngla%pmre [pripmaok Vnil,

C}l`rio{ola rmeiol{ i hm gbdmkposm i{ qm kglpol}m pg b}on`

pjm ml`gqemlp il` colilkm pjm vnillm` eidgr mzvil{ogl ‛

pjm Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem,

266: 2661

«666 - «666 -

OLKGEM

P}opogl cmm{ crge v}bnokn c}l`m` ]H il` M] [p}`mlp{ 9.=:3 23 9.=09 2:

Gpjmr p}opogl cmm{ crge ]H # M] {p}`mlp{ :3 2 :0 2

P}opogl cmm{ crge gsmr{mi{ {p}`mlp{ 213 0 20? 0

So{opola {p}`mlp cmm{ ;10 3 ;=0 3

Gpjmr p}opogl olkgem 201 0 931 ;

Iki`meok cmm{ il p}opogl olkgem 2.=3? 02 2.;?= 0;

Rm{o`mlpoin olkgem crge Kgnnmam emebmr{ 9.;26 22 9.06: 2=

Kglcmrmlkm il` c}lkpogl olkgem :9; 9; :6: 90

@glipogl{ =6? : ;21 3Gpjmr olkgem 9:2 ; 996 2

Rmnmi{m gc `mcmrrm` kivopin kglprob}pogl{ ?0 2 ?0 2

Ml`gqemlp olkgem 363 96 019 :

Pgpin Olkgem 3.6?; 966 =.39; 966

MZVML@OP]RM

Iki`meok kg{p{ 9.:9; ;9 9.=;= 2?

Rm{o`mlkm{. kipmrola il` kglcmrmlkm{ 9.:9: ;9 9.3=2 ;2

Vrmeo{m{ :;6 90 3?= 9;

@mvrmkoipogl ;19 1 ;31 1

Kgnnmam Ièolo{pripogl =;0 ? 366 99

C}l`rio{ola ;;? 3 2?; 3

Gpjmr ?3 2 1? 2

Pgpin Mzvmlòp}rm =.:69 966 =.229 966

[}rvn}{ 2?2 ;?2

Kgl{gnoìpm` Olkgem il` Mzvmlòp}rm Ikkg}lp % _mir Ml`m` ;9 D}n 266:

Dgjl Kj}rkj % B}r{ir

Pjm coa}rm{ {jgql irm

mzprikpm` crge pjm Kgnnmam‟{

{pip}pgr i}òpm` ikkg}lp{ cgr

pjm mir ml`m` ;9{p D}n 266:,

Pjm colilkoin {pipmemlp{ qmrm

ivvrgsm` b pjm Agsmrlola

Bg` gl Qm`lm{ì ;r`

@mkmebmr 266: il` qonn bm

isionibnm gl pjm Kgnnmam‟{

qmb{opm,

Ol 2661'6: pjm Kgnnmam glkm iaiol ikjomsm` i {}rvn}{.

kglpol}ola pjm vg{oposm prml` {mml ol rmkmlp mir{, Olkgem

crge inn ikposopom{ olkrmi{m` by ?- qopj i lgpokmibnm olkrmi{m

gc rmsml}m `glipogl{ *}v =3-/ `}m pg pjm Ill}in C}l` il`

pmnmpjgl, Mzvmlòp}rm armq b 99-. qjokj qi{ egrm pjil

pjm olkrmi{m ol olkgem. b}p pjo{ qi{ vnillm` i{ pjm

Kgnnmam ei`m i l}ebmr gc lmq iki`meok ivvgolpemlp{.

olkrmi{m` {kjgnir{jov{ il` b}r{irom{ il` olkrmi{m`

{vmlòla gl oevgrpilp b}onòla{ qgrh{. inn ol nolm qopj pjm



9?

Kgl{gnoìpm` {pipmemlp gc pgpin rmkgalo{m` aiol{ il` ng{{m{ % _mir ml`m` ;9 D}n 266:

266: 2661«666 «666

Rm{mrsm{

[}rvn}{ cgr mir 2?2 ;?2

Ml`gqemlp{

Olkgem rmkmosibnm crge ml`gqemlp i{{mp olsm{pemlp{ 9.6;1 ::6

Ml`gqemlp rmp}rl pril{cmrrm` pg olkgem il` mzvmlòp}rm ikkg}lp *363/ *019/

@mvrmkoipogl gc ml`gqemlp i{{mp olsm{pemlp{ *2.;2=/ 2.=;2

Lmq ml`gqemlp{ rmkmosm` 161 2.969

Gpjmr

Lmp i`òpogl{ pg'*`m`}kpogl{ crge/ mcmrrm` kivopin 9.139 *00/

Pgpin rmkgalo{m` aiol{ rmnipola pg pjm mir :33 =.;?6

Gvmlola c}l` binilkm{ 0=.:;2 06.002

Kng{ola c}l` binilkm{ 03.3?: 0=.:;2

266: 2661

«666 «666

Cozm` I{{mp{ :.216 :.=?0

Ml`gqemlp i{{mp olsm{pemlp{

[mk}ropom{ il` ki{j mvg{op{ ;;.6;0 ;0.223

Nil` il` vrgvmrp 2.?=0 2.?0?

;=.?:: ;1.91=

K}rrmlp i{{mp{

[pgkh{ ;9 ;1

@mbpgr{ 9.01? 311

Ki{j ip bilh il` ol jil` 2.30: 0=?

0.9=: 9.91;

Krmòpgr{

Ieg}lp{ cinnola `}m qopjol glm mir *:?6/ *3;1/

Lmp k}rrmlp i{{mp{ ;.23: =;3

PGPIN I[[MP[ NM[[ K]RRMLP NOIBONOPOM[ 01.=23 03.;6=

Krmòpgr{

Ieg}lp{ cinnola `}m icpmr egrm pjil glm mir *3?6/ *;21/

Vrgso{ogl cgr noibonopom{ il` kjiram{ *9;:/ *903/

PGPIN LMP I[[MP[ 03.3?: 0=.:;2

@mcmrrm` kivopin ;.?3? 2.26:

Ml`gqemlp{

[vmkocok 26.333 29.;;3

Amlmrin 9=.;22 9=.:;?

;=.?:: ;1.91=

Amlmrin Rm{mrsm{ 3.109 3.00?

PGPIN C]L@[ 03.3?: 0=.:;2

Vmebrghm Kgnnmam Binilkm [jmmp i{ ip ;9 D}n 266:



26

[prmlapjmlola pjm binilkm {jmmp % b}onòla cgr pjm c}p}rm

I Jgem B}r{ir qi{ pjml ivvgolpm`. pg inngq g}r B}r{ir.

Dgjl Kj}rkj. pg cgk}{ gl pjm lmq vrgdmkp qjonm rmpiolola

rm{vgl{obonop cgr colilkoin eippmr{ il` agsmrlilkm

irrilamemlp{ cgr pjm vrgdmkp, I [pmmrola Kgeeoppmm qi{

in{g m{pibno{jm` pg gsmr{mm pjm `mpion gc pjm vrgdmkp gl

bmjinc gc pjm Agsmrlola Bg`, [msmrin ]{mr Arg}v{ qmrm

in{g m{pibno{jm` pg qgrh olpmrikposmn qopj pjm irkjopmkp{ pg

ml{}rm pjm `m{oal emmp{ pjm Kgnnmam‟{ rmy}ormemlp{ ol inn

rm{vmkp{,

Ip pjm {pirp gc 266: qm mebirhm` }vgl pjm kropokin vrgkm{{

gc kjgg{ola pjm irkjopmkp{ cgr pjm vrgdmkp, Crge i ngla no{p

gc 91 core{ o`mlpocom` i{ jisola }l`mrpihml {oeonir vrgdmkp{.

i {jgrp no{p gc {oz core{ qmrm olsopm` pg virpokovipm ol i kng{m`

kgevmpopogl, I {vmkoin Agsmrlola Bg` emmpola qi{ jmn`

gl 92pj Eirkj 266: ip qjokj op qi{ `mko`m` pg ivvgolp

Bmreil A}m`m{ [prmppgl *BA[/. i ngkin Gzcgr` core qopj

mzvmromlkm gc gpjmr rmnmsilp vrgdmkp{,

I l}ebmr gc i`òpoglin ivvgolpemlp{ gc vrgcm{{oglin core{.

rilaola crge {pr}kp}rin il` {mrsokm{ mlaolmmr{ pjrg}aj pg

y}ilpop {}rsmgr{ il` vnillola kgl{}npilp{. qi{ pjml

ei`m pg ml{}rm pjm Kgnnmam rmkmosm` vrgcm{{oglin i`sokm

il` a}oìlkm gc pjm joajm{p {pilìr`,

Op {jg}n` bm mevji{o{m` pjip pjm bromc qm jism iarmm` qopj

pjm m{oal pmie {prm{{m` pjm oevgrpilkm gc krmipola il

mzpml{ogl pg pjm Kgnnmam‟{ eiol {opm. il` lgp d}{p i {p}`mlp

illmzm, Pjm lmq b}onòla{ qonn. pjmrmcgrm. jg}{m i rilam gc

cikonopom{ il`. kropokinn. g}r vnil{ olkn}`m i broàm gsmr

Brmqmr [prmmp dgolola bgpj Vmebrghm {opm{. lmq il` gn`,

Inpjg}aj pjm vnil{ irm {ponn bmola rmcolm` ip pjm poem gc

agola pg vrm{{ *@mkmebmr 266:/ qm ilpokovipm pjip pjm

Brmqmr [prmmp {kjmem qonn vrgso`m pjm cgnngqola vrolkovin

cikonopom{4

Ivvrgzoeipmn ?6 Ml{}opm Bm`rgge{

Pjm ngla pmre gbdmkposm o{ pg a}irilpmm pg vrgso`m Kgnnmam

ikkgeegìpogl cgr pjrmm mir{ gc }l`mrari`}ipm {p}`

il` cgr }v pg pqg mir{ cgr ari`}ipm {p}`mlp{,

3 Cnip{

Pjm{m cnip{ irm olpml`m` cgr kg}vnm{. gr pqg {olanm{

{jirola. il` irm mzvmkpm` pg bm gkk}vom` b iki`meok{

gr ari`}ipm {p}`mlp{,

Pjm iebopogl pg vrgkmm` qopj il mzkopola lmq vrgdmkp

{}kj i{ pjm Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem gqm{ i ngp pg

g}r {}kkm{{ ol ikjomsola colilkoin my}onobro}e ol

rmkmlp mir{, Pjm cgnngqola cmip}rm {jgq{ pjip qm

jism `msgpm` e}kj mccgrp ol 2661'6: pg niyola {gno`

cg}lìpogl{ cgr g}r qgrh gl pjm Lmq B}onòla,

Pjm Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem4 Vnillola pjm Vrgdmkp

Ol Eokjimnei{ pmre 2661 pjm Kgnnmam‟{ Agsmrlola Bg`

iarmm` ol vrolkovnm pg pjm `msmngvemlp gc nil` oeemòipmn

pg pjm {g}pj gc pjm Kgnnmam, Pjo{ ji{ bmkgem hlgql i{

pjm Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem,

[olkm pjml qm jism bmml mlaiam` ol i kgevnmz vrgkm{{

gc olpmrlin il` mzpmrlin kgl{}npipogl. i{ qmnn i{ kirmc}n

`mko{ogl%eihola pg ml{}rm qm eihm pjm bm{p il` eg{p

rm{vgl{obnm }{m gc i cib}ng}{ il` }loy}m gvvgrp}lop pg

mzpml` Vmebrghm {}b{pilpoinn. il` oeemòipmn i`dikmlp

pg op{ eiol {opm. b 2692,

Pjm Agsmrlola Bg`‟{ `mko{ogl cgnngqm e}kj vrmviripgrqgrh. virpok}nirn i smr mpionm` cmi{obonop {p}` qjokj

qi{ }l`mrpihml ol 266='63, Pjip {p}` kglkn}`m` pjip

nil` il` b}onòla{ inrmi` gqlm` b pjm Kgnnmam ol Brmqmr

[prmmp. oc kgebolm` qopj gpjmr lmoajbg}rola {opm{. kg}n`

bm brg}ajp pgampjmr pg vrgso`m i niram {opm il` {g gccmr

pjm gvvgrp}lop pg mzvil` pjm Kgnnmam‟{ cikonopom{ ol i smr

ipprikposm qi, @o{k}{{ogl{ qmrm pjml jmn` qopj pjm

gqlmr{ gc lmoajbg}rola vrgvmrpom{ qopj pjm rm{}np pjip il

iarmmemlp qi{ rmikjm` qopj Kievogl Jinn *pjm Dm{}op

ol{pop}pogl icconoipm` pg Gzcgr` ]losmr{op/ il` [p, Vmpmr‟{

Kgnnmam pg v}rkji{m i`òpoglin nil`. {}bdmkp pg aiolola

vnillola kgl{mlp,

Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem

Somq gc Kjivmn Y}i` gsmr Brmqmr [prmmp crge pjm lmq b}onòla



E}npo%V}rvg{m Pjmiprm'I}òpgro}e. qjokj {mip{ 9=6

Pjo{ qonn bm `m{oalm ol i cnmzobnm qi. }{ola ‚Bnmikjmr‟

{mipola qjokj inngq{ cgr pjm {vikm pg bm }{m` mopjmr ol i

priòpoglin pjmiprm cgreip gr. qopj pjm {mip{ v}p iqi. i{ i

cnip {vikm,

C}lkpogl il` [meolir Rgge{

I niram i{{mebn rgge qonn bm vrgso`m ,

Kicï

Cgr pjm cor{p p oem. Vmebrghm qonn iy}orm il ipprikposmn nio`

g}p kicmpmroi ol op{ rmvmrpgorm gc kipmrola cikonopom{,

I{ i rmnipm` vrgdmkp. qm jism in{g }l`mrpihml i rmsomq gc

pjm hopkjml'jinn cikonopom{ il` pjm olpmlpogl o{ cgr pjm{m pg bm

rmc}rbo{jm`. lgp nmi{p ol somq gc pjm i`òpoglin sgn}em{ gc

b}{olm{{ pjip qonn rm{}np crge pjm Brmqmr [prmmp [kjmem,

G}r lmm` cgr g}p{o`m mzvmrpo{m il` i pjgrg}ajny vrgcm{{ogli n

ivvrgikj ji{ in{g bmml rosml b pjm rmy}ormemlp cgr

{ml{oposm `m{oal. il` pg kgl{}np qopj Mlano{j Jmropiam il`

pjm ngkin Kgl{mrsipogl Gccokmr. {olkm pjm vrgdmkp {op{ qopjol

il jo{pgrok kgl{mrsipogl irmi, Pjm niram qinn ol Brmqmr

[prmmp. eihola }v pjm Kgnnmam‟{ {g}pjmrl bg}lìr. o{ pjm

emòmsin kop qinn. i {kjm`}nm` ilkomlp egl}emlp,

Lmirb b}onòla{ irm Ari`m O gr OO no{pm`, Qm jism in{g

olsgnsm` mzvmrp{ ol i{{m{{ola pjm irkjmgngaokin oevikp

gc pjm vrgvg{m` msmngvemlp,

Pjm pgpin kg{p{ gc pjm vrgdmkp irm k}rrmlpn m{poeipm ip

«21e. olkn}òla pjm hopkjml'jinn rmc}rbo{jemlp, Qm qg}n`

nohm pg mevji{o{m pjip. jisola rm{pgrm` gr`mr pg pjm

Kgnnmam‟{ colilkoin iccior{. lg `mko{ogl pg vrgkmm` qonn bm

pihml }lnm{{ qm irm {}rm pjip i {}b{pilpoin vrgvgrpogl gc

pjm lmkm{{ir c}lòla o{ c}nn kgeeoppm`,

I{ kil bm {mml pjo{ o{ i smr mzkopola il` cir rmikjolaolopoiposm, Glkm op o{ kgevnmpm` Vmebrghm qonn jism glm gc

pjm eg{p ipprikposm eiol {opm{ gc il Gzbroàm Kgnnmam il`

qonn nmism }{ mzprmemn qmnn vnikm` pg cgnngq pjrg}aj gl

g}r iebopog}{ [pripmaok Vnil,

29

Bmngq4 Lmq Y}i` *I{{mebn Rgge qopj I}òpgro}e }l`mrlmipj.

kicm gl pjm nmcp qopj {meolir rgge{ ibgsm/,



@msmngvemlp % b}onòla iqirmlm{{. ngyinpy il` i k}np}rm gc aosola

egrm kglkmrp{ qjokj vniy pg Vmebrghm‟{ argqola e}{okin

{prmlapj{ il` egrm oeiaoliposm }{m gc g}r vrgeolmlp

in}elo il` o{pola}o{jm` il` smr }{mr%croml`n Cmnngq{ i{

{vmihmr{,

2661'6: qi{ pjm cor{p mir ol qjokj qm pm{pm` pjm qipmr

gl ‚{}bdmkp òllmr{‟ qopj i joajn {}kkm{{c}n Jo{pgr il`

Mkglgeok{ Rm}logl jmn` ip pjm Kgnnmam ol Ei. qjokj ol

p}rl mlkg}riam` }{ pg jgn` i c}rpjmr {}kj òllmr cgr

Mkglgeok{ il` Eiliamemlp ol pjm lmq iki`meok mir ‛

il` pg {pirp vnillola cgr pjm niramr msmlp{ qjokj qonn bm

lmkm{{ir pg kipmr cgr Mlano{j. VVM. Niq il` pjm [komlkm{

mp in,

Qm qmrm ibnm pg olsopm in}elo il` croml`{ pg i colm

vmrcgreilkm gc Bikj‟{ [p, Dgjl‟{ Vi{{ogl ol pjm Kjivmn ‛

il` {jgq pjme jgq Vmebrghm‟{ e}{ok%eihola ji` kgem

gc iam, Pjg{m qjg ippml`m` pjm Pm{ìnm [gkomp Nmaipgr{‟

n}lkj in{g mldgm` i kjiebmr kglkmrp ol pjm Kjivmn,

Pjm =6 _mir D}bonmm Rm}logl ol D}lm gccmrm` Vmebrghoil{

pjm kjilkm pg jmir nmkp}rm{ b @r, Tb{tmh Vmnktl{ho il`

Vrgcm{{gr Nlì E}aanm{pglm. qjonm {ipo{cola pjmor

k}rog{op ibg}p g}r ineg{p }loeiaolibnm *ol 9?=:/ lmq

b}onòla vnil{ il` eihola op vg{{obnm pg ag gl {vmkoin

a}o`m` pg}r{ gc pjm Bg`nmoil il` Bgpilokin Air`ml,

Ol Ngl`gl. pjilh{ pg pjm agg` gccokm{ gc g}r in}el}{ il`

Jglgrir Cmnngq. [or Vmpmr Rokhmpp{. Vmreilmlp ]l`mr

[mkrmpir ip pjm Cgrmoal Gccokm. qm qmrm ibnm pg jgn` g}r

Ill}in Rmkmvpogl ol pjm {vnml`g}r gc pjm Cgrmoal Gccokm‟{

Ngkirlg Rgge,

Ol pjm ][I. pjm Ei{pmr. jo{ qocm il` pjm @msmngvemlp

Pmie pg}rm` pjm kg}lpr kgi{p%pg%kgi{p ol {vrola. emmpola

in}elo ol Qi{jolapgl. Lmq _grh. Kjokiag. Ng{ Ilamnm{

il` [il Crilko{kg, Sml}m{ rilam` crge pjm mnmailkm gc

g}r bmlmcikpgr Ib`}nnij [inmj‟{ eialocokmlp jg}{m ol

Amgrampgql. amlmrg}{n nmlp pg }{ cgr pjm gkki{ogl. pg

Dmrme [}ppgl‟{ *9?1?/ òaopin irp ainnmr ol [il Crilko{kg

qjmrm qm qmrm in{g prmipm` pg i nosm `megl{pripogl gc pjm

irpo{p‟{ }l}{}in il` kivposipola {vmkoinp,

I{ pjm lmq iki`meok mir amp{ }l`mrqi. qm irm cgrp}lipm

pg jism iky}orm` il mzvmromlkm` lmq In}elo Rmnipogl{

Eiliamr. D}ilopi J}ajm{. qopj i bromc pg mzvil` g}r

vrgarieem gc msmlp{, D}ilopi‟{ mzvmromlkm ip Gzcgr`

Brgghm{ ]losmr{op il` ip pjm Bropo{j Mebi{{ ol

Qi{jolapgl jgn`{ e}kj vrgeo{m cgr pjm kgeola mir,

Pjm @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr rmcnmkp{

22

Il`rmq [mpgl % [pripmaok @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr

Vmebrghm‟{ in}elo rmemebmr pjmor ì{ i{ {p}`mlp{ ip

pjm Kgnnmam qopj qirepj il` lg{pinaoi,

Pjo{ o{ pjm qo{jc}n pjolhola gc il @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr

ip pjm Kgnnmam ‛ b}p jgq `g qm vrgsm op. brola vmgvnm pg

ièop op gr kivp}rm op cgr pjm bmlmcop gc g}r lmm`{ il`

iebopogl{7 Olkrmi{olan g}r @msmngvemlp mccgrp{ irm

cgk}{ola gl {p}`mlp{ il` g}lamr nmismr{ ‛ lgp qopj

}lrmino{pok mzvmkpipogl{ gc aocp{ qjokj irm o{vrgvgrpoglipm

pg mirlola{ ol pjmor mirn i{ ol i kirmmr. b}p egrm pg brola

jgem pg pjme pjm mlporm kglpmzp cgr g}r c}l`rio{ola mccgrp{,

Qm irm bmaollola pg `g pjo{ qopj }l`mrari`}ipm{ b

olprg`}kola pjme pg in}elo ol i vrgcm{{ogl gc olpmrm{p pg

pjme *pjo{ lmq emlpgrola {kjmem o{ kinnm` ‚Pihm i [p}`mlp

pg N}lkj‟/. b vmr{}iòla {gem gc pjme pg kglprob}pm i{

c}l`rio{mr{ pjme{mnsm{ ol pihola virp ol g}r Ill}in C}l`

pmnmpjgl{. b mlkg}riaola gvml vrm{mlpipogl{ gl jgq pjm

Kgnnmam o{ colilkm` il` b olsopola pjm {p}`mlp{ pg vrm{mlp

i {einn {mnmkpogl pg }{ mikj pmre gc {p}`mlp%nm` vrgdmkp{

cgr virp%colilkola crge i {vmkoin vgp {mp i{o`m ol g}r Ill}in C}l`,

Pjm grailo{ipogl gc mldgibnm il` emegribnm msmlp{ qjokj

rm}lopm g}r in}elo gr jmnv }{ pg kmemlp rmnipogl{jov{. qjonm

viriòla pjm eirsmnng}{ ipprob}pm{ gc Vmebrghm nocm pgì.

qjmlmsmr qm jism pjm kjilkm. {poe}nipm{ lg{pinaoi il`

vrm{mrsm{ nginp iegla{p Vmebrghoil{, Qm irm kgl{kog}{

pjip qm lmm` pg `g egrm jmrm. pg amp vmgvnm pgampjmr

egrm gcpml il` egsm bmgl` pjm priòpoglin Gzcgr` eml}

gc msmlp{. lgp b inpmrola pjm qmnn%pm{pm` il` {}kkm{{c}n

cgre}ni gc ai}òm{ il` air`ml virpom{. b}p b i`òla pg op

qopj mp egrm msmlp{ m{vmkoinn cgr g}lamr vrgcm{{oglin{ ol

Ngl`gl. egrm pjmem` jivvmlola{ ol olpmrm{pola sml}m{.



2;

266: 2661

«666 «666

Ill}in C}l` ;12 2=:

Gpjmr Rmsml}m [kjgnir{jov{ ;: 29

Cmnngq{jov{ ;; ;6

Gpjmr 33 9:

9;1 3?

Kivopin Aocp{ Nmaikom{ 09 923

B}r{irom{ 929 ;3

[kjgnir{jov{ 9=6 9=1

Cmnngq{jov{ =21 9.;36

Eidgr b}onòla{ 9.:== =6

Gpjmr 9:; 922

2.:11 9.:=9

PGPIN ;.;:3 2.91:

@glipogl{ [}eeir 2661'6:

Ol 2661'6: qm ji` i b}evmr mir ol pmre{ gc c}l`%rio{ola

cgr g}r ì%pg%ì gvmripola lmm`{, Kipjmrolm EkEonnil‟{

{vmkoin cmip}rm gl pjm Ill}in C}l` {jgq{ pjip. qopj pjm

bmlmcop gc ikk}e}nipm` mzvmromlkm ibg}p pjm gvpoe}e

}{m gc eionola{ il` g}r `mvngemlp gc qmnn%priolm` il`

mlpj}{oi{pok {p}`mlp pmnmpjgl kinnmr{. qm qmrm ibnm pg

rm%kgllmkp eil Vmebrghoil{ pg pjm Kgnnmam il` pg brola

pjme olpg g}r kgee}lop gc rma}nir `glgr{, Pjm rm{}np{

{vmih cgr pjme{mnsm{, Ol`mm` qm irm lgq ol i vg{opogl ip

Vmebrghm pg rmi` egrm {gvjo{pokipm` {oal{ olpg g}r

argqola bg` gc {pipo{pok{ il` pg {pirp {mppola g}r{mnsm{

vrgvmr piramp{ cgr mikj lmq mir,

Pjm ill}in c}l` bmlkjeirhola {p}` }l`mrpihml msmr

mir cgr Gzcgr` Kgnnmam{ {jgq{ pjip. qjonm qm irm lieok

il` jism rivo`n i{kml`m` pjm ni``mr crge smr ngq in}elo

virpokovipogl ripm{ ol aosola *kgevirm` qopj gpjmr Kgnnmam{

il` msml pjm lgre ikrg{{ pjm kgnnmaoipm ]losmr{op/ d}{p i

cmq mir{ iag. qm irm lgq ibgsm pjm lgre cgr Gzcgr` ‛

il` {pirpola pg rmikj cgr pjm {h, B}p qm irm {ponn qmnn {jgrp

gc pjm {kgrm{ bmola ikjomsm` b pjm eg{p {}kkm{{c}n

Kgnnmam{ {g qm hlgq pjip e}kj egrm ji{ pg bm `glm,

Il` {g pg eidgr aocp{, Pjm colilkoin mir 2661'6:. ol

i`òpogl pg kglpol}ola {}b{pilpoin `glipogl{ crge {gem

gc g}r {pi}lkjm{p {}vvgrpmr{. {iq eidgr aocp{ irrosm crge

ièormr{ gc g}r Pgnhoml il` Dgjl{gl kgllmkpogl{. i{ qmnn

i{ i {}b{pilpoin 3%coa}rm bmlmcikpogl crge pjm Vilpjmri

Cg}lìpogl. pjm ][%bi{m` kjirop {pirpm` b g}r in}el}{

Pge Hivnil *9?:2/. qjokj ji{ mlibnm` }{ pg m{pibno{j i

So{opola Cmnngq{jov il` rm{mirkj vg{p ip Vmebrghm ol

kgllmkpogl qopj cmno` kgl{mrsipogl ip Gzcgr` ]losmr{op‟{

Qon`%Nocm Kgl{mrsipogl Rm{mirkj ]lop, Ol i`òpogl. qm qmrm

smr vnmi{m` pg rmkmosm i l}ebmr gc {}b{pilpoin mirn%{piam

nmi` aocp{ pgqir`{ g}r Lmq B}onòla kgevnmz pgpinnola

lmirn «2 eonnogl. i{ qm mebirhm` gl pjm ‚y}omp vji{m‟ gc

g}r Kievioal cgr pjip gbdmkposm *egrm gl pjip pg kgem ol

266? qjml qm vnil pg ag v}bnok/,

Pjo{ qi{ pjm niram{p pgpin gc eidgr `glipogl{ msmr. m{vmkoinny

aripocola oc g} kgl{o`mr pjm cinn%gcc ol nmaik aocp{ ol rmkmlp

mir{ *lgp pjip pjo{ kil bm pihml pg `mlgpm il kjilam ol

bmjisog}r gl pjm virp gc nmaipgr{ gr qg}n`%bm nmaipgr{4 op

o{ d}{p i cikp/,

Qm killgp pjilh Kjro{ Rghg{ *9?:?/. Eohm il` Jonir

Qia{picc *9?:6 # 9?:9/ il` D}noil [kjon` *9?11/ mlg}aj

cgr jmnvola }{ pg ni}lkj pjm y}omp. eidgr aocp vji{m gc g}r

Kievioal ol 2661'6: qopj pjmor g}p{pilòla kglprob}pogl{,

Lgr ol`mm` kil qm pjilh inn g}r sgn}lpmmr{ mlg}aj cgr pjmor

mccgrp{. emilola pjg{m qjg. }l`mr D}noil‟{ kjioreil{jov.

irm emebmr{ gc g}r ]H Kievioal Bgir` il` qjg jism

{pirpm` pg emmp }l`mr jo{ i}{vokm{ pg i{{o{p }{ qopj g}r

c}l`rio{ola {pripma il` pg gccmr }{ pjmor lmpqgrhola {honn{,

Qm lgq in{g jism i Lgrpj Iemrokil Bgir` pg {}vvgrp pjm

Kievioal, Qm {jinn aosm pjm qgrh gc inn g}r sgn}lpmmr{ pjm

vrgeolmlkm op m{mrsm{ i{ qm vrgarm{{ lmzp mir pg pjm

mzvmkpm` ‚v}bnok‟ vji{m gc pjm Kievioal,,, kglpol}m{ gl viam 2=,




Ill}in C}l` 2661'6:

Pjm 2661'6: mir in{g vrgso`m` il gvvgrp}lop pg {pirp pg

vrgso`m egrm mpionm` olcgreipogl pg g}r in}elo il` croml`{

ibg}p qjip pjm C}l` o{ ikjomsola. il` pg i{h iaiol cgr

qo`m{vrmi` {}vvgrp,

Ol Lgsmebmr 2661 olcgreipogl qi{ ò{prob}pm` b eion pg

inn in}elo il` croml`{. il` ol Eirkj 266: qm }l`mrpggh

g}r cor{p Ill}in C}l` pmnmpjgl, Pjm pmnmpjgl vrgso`m` il

gvvgrp}lop cgr in}elo lgp gln pg jmir egrm ibg}p pjm

Ill}in C}l`. b}p in{g pg jmir cor{p%jil` crge g}r pmie gc

k}rrmlp {p}`mlp kinnmr{ ibg}p nocm ip Vmebrghm pgì, Op

qi{ i qgl`mrc}n gvvgrp}lop pg {mm pjm Vmebrghm lmpqgrh

ol ikpogl. i{ pjm {p}`mlp{ in{g pggh pjm kjilkm pg i{h

y}m{pogl{ ibg}p kirmmr{ il` msmngvm` pjmor gql

ivvrmkoipogl gc in}elo amlmrg{op,

Pjm {}kkm{{ qjokj pjm {p}`mlp{ ji` ol {mk}rola `glipogl{

gl pjm vjglm qi{ e}kj mljilkm` b pjm eipkjola

`glipogl{ qjokj qmrm {g amlmrg}{n vrgso`m` cgr i l}ebmr

gc pjm kinnola {m{{ogl{ b mzo{pola Ill}in C}l` {}vvgrpmr{

‛ qm irm smr aripmc}n pg mikj gc pjme, Gsmrinn. pjm pmnmpjgl

cgrploajp {iq «20=.666 rio{m` cgr pjm Ill}in C}l` *{gem

gc qjokj qonn bm `glipm` ikrg{{ pjrmm mir{ gc rma}nir

kglprob}pogl{/,

Pjm pmnmpjgl {}kkm{{ qi{ pjm eiol `rosmr bmjol` i eidgr

olkrmi{m ol arg{{ lmq c}l`{ rio{m` *sin}m gc lmq vnmàm{

vn}{ lmq glm%gcc aocp{/ qjokj ol 2661'6: rmikjm` «=16.666

*}v crge «29=.666 ol 2663'61/ ‛ pjo{ coa}rm o{ il oevgrpilp

olòkipgr gc pjm kgeeopemlp{ bmola ei`m pg {}vvgrp pjm

Kgnnmam gsmr pjm kgeola mir{ il` pjmrmcgrm o{ jmnvc}n ol

aosola }{ kglco`mlkm i{ qm vnil g}r c}p}rm ikposopom{,

Gc kg}r{m. pjm hm coa}rm ol il mir o{ ikp}in ki{j

rmkmosm`. qjokj cgr pjm 2661'6: Ill}in C}l` pgvvm`

«;16.666 *olkrmi{m` crge «236.666 ol 2663'61/.

rmvrm{mlpola 3- gc Kgnnmam p}rlgsmr, G}r piramp cgr pjm

266:'6? Ill}in C}l` o{ «=66.666 crge pjo{ {g}rkm,

Glkm iaiol pjm 2661'6: Ill}in C}l` {iq ?=- gc inn aocp{

aosml gl il }lrm{prokpm` bi{o{ qjokj o{ eg{p }{mc}n ol

pjip op jmnv{ }{ pg ivvn pjm c}l`{ qjmrm pjm eihm pjm

eg{p òccmrmlkm i{ g}r lmm`{ sir gsmr poem, Pjg{m aocp{

qjokj irm aosml {vmkocokinn pg g}r brgi` irmi{ gc cgk}{

*{p}`mlp colilkoin {}vvgrp. iki`meok rm{g}rkm{. il`

{p}`mlp cikonopom{ il` ikkgeegìpogl/ irm i}aemlpm`

b }lrm{prokpm` aocp{ il` pjm kgebolm` oevikp gc inn

kglprob}pogl{ ji{ bmml smr {}b{pilpoin pjo{ mir,

Kipjmrolm EkEonnil % @mv}p @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr

iki`meok rm{g}rkm{

{p}`mlp ikkgeegìpogl # cikonopom{ {p}`mlp colilkoin {}vvgrp

gpjmr vrgdmkp{

Ill}in C}l` Aocp @m{oalipogl

Ill}in C}l` Aocp @m{polipogl

iki`meok rm{g}rkm{

{p}`mlp ikkgeegìpogl # cikonopom{ {p}`mlp colilkoin {}vvgrp

}lrm{prokpm`

20

6-

2-

2-

?3-

=1-

22-

91-

0-

Pjm 2661'6: colilkoin mir qi{ il mzkopola glm cgr pjm

Vmebrghm Ill}in C}l`, [olkm op{ ni}lkj ol Eirkj 266=

qopj i eionola pg inn Vmebrghoil{. pjm Ill}in C}l` ji{

bmlmcopm` crge pjm {}vvgrp gc i l}ebmr gc amlmrg}{

il` ngin in}elo,



2=

Ol pjm irmi gc {p}`mlp colilkoin {}vvgrp qm jism bmml ibnm

iaiol pg gccmr cosm ari`}ipm {kjgnir{jov{ pg eopoaipm pjm

joaj kg{p{ cikm` b vg{p%ari`}ipm {p}`mlp{ kgeola pg

Vmebrghm pg c}rpjmr pjmor {p}òm{, Cgr }l`mrari`}ipm{. qm

jism kglpol}m` pg vrgso`m brgi`bil` olpmrlmp arilp{ pg

pjg{m qjg jism pg nosm g}p gc Kgnnmam, Il` cgr pjg{m nosola

ol Kgnnmam ikkgeegìpogl qm jism bmml ibnm pg rm{prokp

rmlp olkrmi{m{ pg i nmsmn qmnn bmngq pjm Gzcgr` lgre *pjm

Sil Lggr`ml Ol`mz/ qjokj vrgso`m{ rmnomc gl i e}kj qo`mr

bi{o{, I pgpin gc ivvrgzoeipmn «3=.666 qi{ {vmlp gl

pjm{m vrgdmkp{,

Iki`meok rm{g}rkm{ irm ilgpjmr oevgrpilp irmi gc cgk}{

cgr pjm Ill}in C}l`, Glm mzievnm gc il gvmripola kg{p

qjokj ji{ bmml emp crge pjm C}l` pjo{ vi{p mir o{ i

{}b{pilpoinn olkrmi{m l}ebmr gc pmikjola jg}r{ crge

[povmlòir Nmkp}rmr{, Pjo{ ji{ bmml sopin ol jmnvola }{ pg

eihm vrgarm{{ qopj g}r {pripmaok vnil gbdmkposm gc

oevrgsola g}r pmikjmr4 {p}`mlp ripog{ ikrg{{ inn o{kovnolm{,

Pjm olkrmi{m` colilkoin kglco`mlkm pjip Ill}in C}l`

kglprob}pogl{ jism aosml }{ ji{ ei`m op mi{omr cgr }{ pg

ivvgolp pqg lmq Cmnngq{. qjg bgpj pihm }v vg{p ol pjm266:'6? iki`meok mir. }{ola g}r gql colilkoin rm{g}rkm{,

G}r nobrir il` OP cikonopom{ kglpol}m pg rmkmosm ippmlpogl

i{ qmnn qopj c}lòla bmola vrgso`m` cgr g}r irkjoso{p pg

kglpol}m jmr qgrh gc kipinga}ola il` kirmc}nn rm%{pgrola

g}r jo{pgrokin `gk}emlp{ il` opme{, Ol 2661'6: irg}l`

«:6.666 gc Ill}in C}l` aocp{ qmrm v}p ol pgpin pgqir`{

iki`meok rm{g}rkm{ vrgdmkp{,

I{ emlpoglm` ol pjm Jgem B}r{ir‟{ rmvgrp. pjo{ qi{ il

mzvml{osm mir cgr cikonopom{ vrgdmkp{. inn gc qjokj qmrm smr

lmkm{{ir. {g op qi{ kr}koin pg jism Ill}in C}l` {}vvgrp.pg pjm nmsmn gc «296.666,

Pjm Ill}in C}l` ji{ kglpol}m` pg {}vvgrp i qo`m rilam

gc gpjmr vrgdmkp{. crge pjm mzvml{m{ i{{gkoipm` qopj g}r

mccgrp{ pg qo`ml ikkm{{ pg Vmebrghm pg ivvnokilp{ crge inn

{gkoin bikharg}l`{. pg pjm kg{p{ gc mzvilòla g}r qormnm{{

lmpqgrhola irg}l` Kgnnmam. pg arilp{ pg jmnv qopj pjm kg{p{

gc {p}`mlp `rieipok vrg`}kpogl{, «9=.666 qi{ {vmlp gl

{}kj eo{kmnnilmg}{ vrgdmkp{,

Pjilh g} pg inn gc g}r Ill}in C}l` {}vvgrpmr{ cgr i

amlmrg}{ il` vrg`}kposm 2661'6: mir)

kglpol}m` crge viam 2;,

Pjm kgeola eglpj{ il` mir{ qonn bm m{vmkoinn

kjinnmlaola cgr g}r c}l`rio{ola mccgrp{ il` vmrjiv{

{gem gb{mrsmr{ qonn pmnn em pg mzvmkp i n}hmqire

rm{vgl{m crge olòso`}in{ il` grailo{ipogl{ ip pjo{ poem

gc armip }lkmrpiolp mlaml`mrm` b pjm angbin colilkoin

emnp`gql,

Op qg}n` bm cggnjir` lgp pg mzvmkp {gem oevikp b}p lgp.

O pjolh. pg cmmn qm kil isgo` pjm ò{ivvgolpemlp gc i lmp

rm`}kpogl ol aocp{, Cgr em. ol i cor{p mir gl pjo{ dgb qjokj

ji{ kglsolkm` em pjip pjm ira}emlp{ cgr i bmppmr

vmrcgreilkm gl c}l`rio{ola irm {prgla. pjm vi{p mir ji{

i{{o{pm` }{ pg bmkgem egrm iebopog}{ il` pg knioe pjip

g}r ki}{m o{ qgrpj gc {}vvgrp i{ lmsmr bmcgrm, Pjm

argqpj ol ill}in aosola o{ pm{poegl pg pjip ‛ il` qm irm

{}rm pjip pjm vnmi{ola pgpin gc eidgr aocp{ `}rola pjm mir o{

lg kgolko`mlkm, Pgampjmr. qm rminn kil eiolpiol pjm prml`

pjrg}ajg}p occok}np poem{,

Gl pjm cgnngqola viam{. qm vi prob}pm pg inn g}r

`glgr{ qjg jism pgn` }{ pjm `g lgp qo{j pg rmeiol

ilgleg}{. il` qm nggh cgrqir` pg ilgpjmr mir qjmlqm kil kglpol}m pg pjilh pjme qjonm mlaiaola pjme ol

pjm nocm gc pjo{ mzkopola. qmnn%r}l kgnnmam il` op{

iebopog}{ vrgdmkp{,

Pg kng{m. nmp em mzpml` Vmebrghm‟{ qirem{p aripop}`m

in{g pg inn pjg{m `glgr{ qjg vrmcmr pg rmeiol olkgalopg,

Il`rmq [mpgl % [pripmaok @msmngvemlp @ormkpgr




@glgr No{p 2661'6: In}elo gc Vmebrghm

23

9?;0

Dgjl Bmir`

9?;=

J}aj Bmitnm

9?;:Dgjl Hi

Nmoajpgl Pjge{gl

9?;?

Bi{on Airnil`

9?09@mrmh Kjireil

Sokpgr Kgnni{Rgbmrp Nmipjmrìnm

9?02

Hmllmpj Qinhmr

9?0;

Crm`mrokh Qjopqgrpj

9?00Ei}rokm Liòl

9?0=Dmrme Amlponno

Ilpjgl VrokmVmpmr Pjikhmr

9?03

@m{egl` Kgnnol{%PingrEokjimn Ag`nm

Dgkh Jgnnil`Kjirnm{ [qopjolbilh

Jgqir` Qmbbmr

Eokjimn Qgncm

9?01

Diem{ Jm{pmrBgb Pillmr

9?0:

Amgccrm BirrgqDiem{ @is

Amrin` MsmrmppHmllmpj Airrg`

Rgamr NgrpVmpmr ]lagm`%Pjgei{

Broil Qon{gl

Mègl` Qroajp

9?0? Il`rm Brm{nm

[or Rgbmrp Knirhm

Rokjir` @mmbnmDiem{ Airlmr

Eokjimn Ni Il`rmq Vikhir

Kgnol [eionm{

9?=6

Eokjimn Aobbgl[pmsml Jmlroy}m{

@glin` Lobnmpp

@iso` VmrholNgr` Rokjir`Viprokh Rnm

Qonnoie Qiolqroajp

9?=9

Dg{mvj Aonkjro{p@glin` Aonno{

Ngr` Jm{mnpolmAmgram Olano{

@mrmh NipjieJ}aj EkHollm

[mil G!@glgaj}m

X@mkmi{mÙ

Eonm{ R}khnoàmVmpmr [pghgmOil [}l`mrnil`

Jirr Qon{gl

9?=2

Kgnol I`nieDgjl Birngq

Ngr` Kir{qmnnRgamr @mm

@iso` Dmim{@}lkil Hmnn

Vi`` Lgnil

Rgl Virhol

Dgjl Vmpjmr@iso` Vrokjir`Broil Rmm{ X@mkmi{mÙ

@okh [pgvcgr`@okh Qonnoie{gl

9?=;@iso` Il`rmq{

Eokjimn Bmi}eglpBroil Bmsil

Bril Kjm{pnm

Vmpmr Jirboàm Pmrmlkm J}ajm{

Rglin` Noebrokh [pilnm Empkincm

[p}irp Eonn{Rgbmrp [o`m

Dgjl Pi{hm{

Kgnol Qoaaol{

9?=0

@iso` Irlgn`

Inil BmnnrolamrBroil Bo{{mnn

Eirpol JmlrRokjir` N}air

Dgjl Empkinc

[pmvjml [jovnm@iso` [vmnnmr

Pgl [porrippAmgram [}eemrcomn`

Vmpmr [}eemrcomn`

Rmsil il` Mn{i Prilpmr

Dgjl Qirb}rpgl

9?==

Rgbmrp Billo{pmrD}noil Kro{vol

Broil @ml`nmEirpol @oiegl`

Inil Arilp

Amgccrm Jirbroàm@iso` Nonnm

Rglin` NgroemrDgjl Ngl

Rmz sil Rg{{}e Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?=3

Amgccrm Krgghm{

Inil Kr}ppml`mlAnl Dirrmpp

Eokjimn E}rvjAmgccrm Pingr

Rokjir` Pjgev{gl

9?=1

@iso` Birpnmpp

Eirpl BmrrRokjir` Brgql

@iso` Kjirnm{Einkgne Kggvmr

Eirpol Crilko{

@okh Jim{@iso` Jmipj

@iso` NilkjAmgram Nonnm

Dgjl Ei{glAmgccrm Rio{eil

Dgjl QireilHmllmpj Qonn{

9?=:

Ngr` IbmrlmpjAmgram Bi}aj

Qonnoie Brlm{

Pgl Knirh Viprokh Kg}n{gl

Dgjl Kr}okh{jilh Ilpjgl @iso{

Ilpjgl @mlmrEonm{ @g``

Air Cnipjmr Inil Cgrm{p@iso` Crilhmn

[or Arijie JirpJ}aj Obbgp{gl

Rgbmrp Ola@iso` Diag

@iso` Hola{

@iso` EopkjmnnBroil [ivmroi

Kglri` [miargippEokjimn [hollmr

Dgjl QinhmrBril Qolhmpp



9?31

Eokjimn Birropp

Vmpmr K}pjbmrp{glDgjl @ozgl

@ilomn Crm}`mlbmramrEirpol Jm``

Qonnoie Jgr{nmQonnoie J}pkjol{gl

Vjonov Ni`mr

M`qir` Nmm%[eopjRgbmrp N}mpkjcgr`

Diem{ EkNismrpHmlp Vrokm

Oil R}{{mnnDgjl [i}l`mr{

Pjmg [pmmn

Rgbmrp Proaa{Eokjimn Qgg`{

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?3:Qon{gl Ilamr{gl

Rmaolin` Bmi}eglp

Amgram B}pnmr@g}ani{ @inm

Rgb M`qir`{Vmpmr Armml

Dgjl Jinm{Rokjir` Jiqhol{

@iso` Dmcckgip

Eokjimn Nng`Vmpmr Ngrlom

Dgjl EikOlpg{j Si}ajl Einkgne

Rokjir` VmismrDgjl Vol{mlp

Loamn R}ecopp

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?3?Kjro{pgvjmr Bgl`

Rgamr BglolaRokjir` Kirr

Rokjir` Knmemlp{

Eokjimn @mljieDgjl @}khqgrpj

Ei}rokm Jmi`glOil Jmipj

Eokjimn Hmllir`Rokjir` Emnngr

Eokjimn Vgl{gr

Rokjir` Rmm{Rokjir` [nipgr

@iso` [pgkhìnmOil Qmnn{

@iso` Qonnoie{Vmpmr Qonnoie{gl

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?=?

Rokjir` Bri`l}e

Il`rmq B}zpglEokjimn Kirnpgl

Nmqo{ Kgnm{@iso` Kggh

Kjro{pgvjmr Krioa

@mlton @isom{Dgjl @ozgl

@g}a Mègl`{Dgjl Mnno{

Dgjl ArijieAgr`gl Jirrolapgl

Viprokh Jirrolapgl@iso` JiVmpmr Jmrrogp

Vmpmr Osml{@mrmh Dglm{

Vmpmr Nipjie@iso` EkIsg

Màir EkAollo{

Pgl Egbb{Oiol Egrnm

[or Dgjl E}eemrKgnol Geil

Noglmn Vohm

Einkgne [m``gl

@iso` [jimrRokjir` [g}pjie@iso` Piaa

Dg{mvj QmirolaQonnoie Qmb{pmr

Kjirnm{ Qgg`

Lokjgni{ Qroanm Pgl _ibngl

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?36Loamn Bmmsgr

Rgbmrp KibgpLoamn Kievbmnn

Kgnol Knirh Loamn Kggebm{Gnosmr @okhol{gl

Br}km Cmppmr@orh CoptJ}aj

Mrqol C}nnmrHml Hmreil

Ngr` Hmrr

@iso` HorhqggÈokjimn Nilacgr`

Rokjir` NmeilKjro{ Nmqo{

Kjro{ Eillola

Dgjl LoajpolainmQonnoie [jir`ngq

Br}km Qihmcomn` Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?30Rg In`mr

[or Vjonov Bionjikjm

Agr`gl BmmsmrVmpmr Kievogl

Rgbol KirrRokjir` Kgz

Rokjir` Arijie Il`rmq J}pkjo{gl

Vmpmr Dgjl{gl

Eirh Hmev%Amm Inil Vilm

Inil [eopj

Einkgne Qroajp

9?3=Vjonov Inmzil`mrRokjir` Il`rmq{[pmvjml BmnnVmpmr B}ramDgjl KnirhmEirpol M`qir`{Kjro{pgvjmr CgrÈokjimn Air`lmrDgjl JieonpglDglipjil J}lp Ino{pior Eonnmr Pjgei{ Vippmr{gl

@iso` VrokmEirpol [hm{Hmopj K Si}ajpglRokjir` A Qirm

9?33Lmon IrlgnÈokjimn Broaa{ X@mkmi{mÙ@m{egl` B}rpglOil Kjon`{ Ilm}rol KgnnomrOil Kgreikh @iso` Ciro{Vmpmr Cirnm

Ilpgl Ag{pqokh Il`rmq AgemrDmccrm ArijieDgjl ArilamrKjro{pgvjmr JoanmDgjl Jor{jDiem{ Jg}ajpglDgjl Ormnil`Vmpmr Dgjl{pglDgjl Hmllir`Hoe NglanmDgjl Eillmr{Rokjir` Eglh Amgccrm [y}orm Ippovip [rolosi{il

Eirh [pilnm VrokmOil Pol{nmDiem{ Qippmr{ Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?39

Vi}n I`ò{gl@iso` Dgjl{gl

Rgbmrp Ngl{Hmllmpj EikHmltom

Rgbmrp Vokh Eokjimn Volpg%

@}{kjol{h

Hmsol PomrlmLgreil Si}ajpgl

M`qir` Qmor@iegl Qmnn{

9?32Eirpl BihmrDiem{ Birngq

Bmrlir` Kivv

Lokjgni{ Kro{vol@iso` Msil{

Rgbmrp CmnozDgjl J}ajm{

Rgbmrp Dikh{gl

Vmpmr NgsmdgJ}aj Vgnmjievpgl

@iso` [jovpglNoie Pinngl

9?3;Dg{j}i Biecomn`[pmvjml Bippml

@mllo{ Ki{jeil

Vmpmr KjiebmrniolEirpol Kgrnm

@indop @g``Rokjir` M{{ie

Dgjl Cgr{pmr[or Rgkkg Cgrpm

@iso` Cgqmnn

Ila}{ Cri{mrRg Jgairpj

Loamn Diem{

Ngr` Hrmb{ Il`rmq Niq{glDgjl Nmaa

Eirpol Eilb

Pegpj Eir{jVi}n Lgrro{

Inil [oev{glVmpmr [pmsml{gl

Birr [pglmnihm

Doe Pjge{gl@iso` Pqoaam%Egnmkm

Dgjl Sil `ml Bg{kj

21



2:

9?1;

Cmra}{ Il{pgkh

[pmvjml Iphol{glRg`mrokh B}ram{{

Eokjimn @i Kg{piKjro{pgvjmr @mllo{

@glin` @}aailEirh Ciorqmipjmr

[pmvjml Jiròla

Dglipjil J}nemKjirnm{ EikHollgl

Vmpmr VioamLokjgni{ [imr{

Il`rmq PgnmVmpmr Qm{p

@iso` Qonnoie{

Eokjimn Qonnoie{Rg{{ Qgrpjolapgl

9?10

Il`rmq Inngpp[pmvjml Biebmr

Dgjl Kjirenm

Arma Kjgkm Poegpj Msil{

@iso` Agr`glRgamr Jiev{gl

Eokjimn JgkhmlVjon Eillola

Lmon Rokjir`{

Loamn Rokjir`{@iso` Rg{mppml{pmol

Hoe PingrEiz Qon{gl

Dglipjil _g}ìl Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?1=

Dgjl Iorm

Inil Iebrg{mEirh Illm{nm

Dgjl Bril`gqCcrm` Knmaa

R}{{mnn Kro{v

@iso` Cnmpkjmr Il`rmq Ainngqi

Jqmn Q Aroccopj{Rgbol Jgbb{

Oil OrsolmLoamn Dikh{gl

Kgnol Dglm{

Il`rmq Nmqo{ Ilpjgl Noveill

Rokjir` EkKirpj[pmvjml Rgpjmri

Knosm Pjgrlm Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?13

Vi}n Irkjmr

[oegl BirpmrDglipjil Bip{gl

[or Oil B}rlmppDgjl Hola

A} Eokjmnegrm

Eokjimn VjgmlozArijie Volh

M`qir` Rg{mVmrkosin [pilogl

Vjonov QmismrRokjir` Qonhol{

9?11

Oil Bihmqmnn

Vjon BmlpnmRg{{ Airlmr

Màir AmlpnmRokjir` Amrbmròla

Dmrr Aonvol

Dglipjil Agg`kjon`Dmrme Jonn

@gnc Hgjljgr{p@iso` EkNi}ajnol

Il`rmq Egrro{[oegl Y}ol

@iso` Rmm{@iso` Rgbmrp{ Il`rmq Rg{mljmoe

D}noil [kjon`Dgjl [lo`mr

EirhPgenol{glDgjl Qgg`jg}{m

9?1:

Vmpmr Il{mnn

Qonnoie IsmrD}noil @gb{gl

Vmpmr Cri{mr[pmsm Jinn

D}noil Jil`Vi}n NihmOil Nieòl

Vjonov Eggr[pmsml Egzm

[oegl Vmirkm[oegl Vmrr

M`qir` Rgkh

Il`rmq Pibgr

9?1?

Ilpjgl B}{jmnn

Amriolp @isom{Kirgnolm @rmllil

Rokjir` Mkknm{D}noil Mlpqo{pnm

Poe Aonkjro{p

Bmiprokm Jgnngl`Kirgnolm Jgrgbol

@iso` EiArijie Vir{gl{

Eg VmrkosinEizolm Vjonnov{

Poegpj Ribbmp{[}{il Pglhol `m Srom{Dgl il` [}{il Qip{gl

9?:6

Kin BionmVi}n Bizpmr

Rgbol Kinm

Smrlgl Knirhm@g}ani{ Kgz

Iìe Cijm@mbgrij Jgqir`

Emnilom O{jmrqggÈohm Dmrso{

Bgb NglaKjirnm{ EkIl`rmq Il` Eopkjmn{gl

Rg{inol` LgrpjmrlEirh Vrom{pnm

Eokjimn # Jonir Qia{picc Rgbol _g}la

9?:9

Kirgnolm Birhmr

Ilamni @inrevnmEirh Crokhmr

Rokjir` C}llmnnKniorm Jgnòpkj

Tonnij Jgqir`Vi}n Dgjl{pgl Pm{{i Nieb

Lokh NglDglipjil Vgorrmppm

Vmpmr RivnmVmpmr Rgb{gl

Brgl [gvmr

Jmnml Pjgei{@}lkil Polkmnng

Rokjir` Qirrml Ilgleg}{ @glgr{ z;

9?16

@iso` Kirlm

Kjro{pgvjmr @}lhmrnmKnosm Màolpgl

Rgbmrp Ciry}jir{glViprokh Cmnn

[oegl Crg{p

Lokjgni{ Armism{Dgjl Jirro{gl

Pgl Jgà{gl Poegpj Dmlhol{

Dil Hirvol{hoRjg`ro Nmqo{

Einkgne Gr`Vmpmr [jorm{

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?19

Eirpol B}rrJ}aj Kgnnol{

Arijie Kggeb{

Dglipjil @isom{Dgjl Mllo{

Eokjimn Jinn Pjgei{ Jmreil

Eokjimn HonnLmon Nior`

@iso` G{bgrlmDgjl VipegrmHmllmpj Vi}n

Rokjir` Rmm{%Dglm{Kjro{pgvjmr Sg{vmr

Pjgei{ QipholVmpmr Qroajp

9?12

Eokjimn Birngq

Inil BgnmNm{nom Bri`{jiq

Eirh @moajpgl@iso` il` Vro{konni Cmnn

Eirh Jmrbmrp%[eopjDmccrm Jgbb{Hmopj Jgqokh

Hmllmpj Jgz{omRokjir` Dglm{

[pmsml NmoajKjirnm{ Eglh

Kjirnm{ Eggrm

Viprokh VinemrLokjgni{ Vopp%Nmqo{

Rokjir` [}aamppVmpmr P}khmr

Lmsonnm Qiphol{@iso` Qonhol{gl

Lmon Tgni`homqokt





2?

9?:2

Rgbmrp Kgppolajie

[jieoh @jirJmnmli @d}rhgsok

Eirh MltmrLipi{ji Colni{gl

D}òpj CrmlkjD}noi Jirrolapgl

Di{gl Jmvvnm

Kirgn Jgvvmr Pjgei{ Hivnil

Lokgni Horh}vDgillm Vjonvgp

Lokjgni{ VolhmrpglCri{mr [horrgq

Pjmrm{i [nm{ol{ho%Qhgq{ho

Kjro{pgvjmr R [eopjKgrollm [vokhmpp

Ino{gl [pmsml{@iso` [pgbb{

Kirgnolm Qia{picc Ilpgl Tikirgno

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?:;

Dilolm Bgnil Poccil Br}l{honn

Pgl B}rl{Diem{ Kirrgnn

Arijie Kgz

Eir Cin`glEokjimn Aobbgl{

Rokjir` Jim{Rg{inol` EkHmm

Bonn VgqmnnRgbmrp [kgccol

Mnotibmpj Qom{mr

Il`rmq Qolpmr Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?:0

Kjro{pgvjmr BirrmppBirbiri Bmpp{qgrpj

Rgbol Bmsil

Rikjmn Mnnogpp[pmvjml Jilh{

[}{il Jitnmòlm@iso` Nmm

Il`rmq Vopp Ino{gl Vgrpmr

Mnotibmpj Vripp

Diem{ Rgb{glRg` [eopj

Hmsol Pj}reDonn Qinhmr

Oiol il` Dgkom Qm{p

9?:=

Eiaìnml Ki{m

R}pj @ggnmLmon C}npgl

Vomprgdil Aoniròlo@iso` Q Agnnol{

T}jmr Ji{{il

@iso` Hro{kjmr[oegl Eonn{

Il`rmq VoppEi}rotog Riaitto

Vi}n RmqAqml [kjgmlcmn`

Rokjir` [oev{glEirh [pibnm{ Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?:3

Ino{i B}rhmAgr`gl B}zpgl

Meei Ki{mnm

D}noil Kji{mRokjir` Aonhm{

Kjro{pgvjmr Jonòpkj Ilamni Dgjl{gl

Meon Eirpol[}m Egrpoemr

Rgamr VrokmRiso [ievilpjirDiem{ [g}pjaipm

Poegpj Qipmr{Einkge Qm{p

9?:1

Sosomllm IrptQgnpmr Brmllolhemodmr

Meei Brolola

Armagr KnirhmNg}o{ Kni}òg

Rgamr Mipqmnn Iìe Cmol

Kirgnolm Col`niRokjir` Jgvhol{gl%Qggnnm

Eippjmq Horhb

Rgbmrp Nm{nomMeei Nmqo{

Eokjimn EonnmrDgjl Egnng

[oegl Vinmpjgrvm

Mnnogpp [kj}kjir`p Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9?::

Vmpmr Kij}{ik

Illi Knibg}rlm@}lkil Krgq`

Oil ArmmlBnior Jgzb

Jgnn J}p{gl

Kipjmrolm Ni@glin` Nmopkj

Oil EkInno{pmr%Lmsol{Qmo%Eola [jig

Eippjmq [pobbm

9?:?Rokjir` BipRg{{ Bmrroàm

@iso` BorgDilm @}rlm

Eirpol Am``m{ Sokpgroi Dglm{

@ilomn Hlgqnm{

D}noi Nm[piamNiri Nonnm

Gnosomr Emgji{Kirgnolm Lgrro{

@iso` RmailKjro{ Roeemr

Kjro{ Rghg{Dglipjil [}eemr{ Pjmg`grm Qgla

9??6

Emmpi Ilil`Dilokm Birkni

[pmvjml BggpjViprokh Bgnm

[irij Krgq`

Rglil @inKnirm @gllo{gl

N}k Col`niKniorm Cg`ml

Di{gl Cgz Ino{gl Armagr Poe Aroccol

[p}irp EikHiBmldieol E}rvj

Horhnil` LmqeilQonnoie Vrokm

Diem{ Roalm

Dmllocmr [gemrsonnm Inmzil`mr Pirril

Il`rmq Qir` Ilgleg}{ @glgr

9??9

Dgjl Ireg}r

Lmon KievbmnnRgbmrp Diròlm

Vi}n GznmNmm [il{ge

Lokgni [jiq

9??2

[ieilpji BiemrpJ}aj Kievbmnn

Eirh @g}ajp[pmsml Mnno{

Vi}n Cmrlil`mt@iso` Jgnnolaìnm Ino{pior Dikh{gl

Homril EkKinòlRgnil` E}ecgr`

Rg{inol` Vjmnv{Diem{ [nmmeil

Ilpjgl Qon{gl

Ilgleg}{ @glgr

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Pembroke College Annual Report 2007-08

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Transcript of Pembroke College Annual Report 2007-08