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PEI Structural Pesticide Applicator Training Course

Training Module 1General Information

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DisclaimerThis training module is intended to be used by qualified trainers only for the purpose of instructing individuals who wish to improve their general knowledge base on the safe handling and management of pesticides or to assist agricultural pesticide applicators seeking first-time certification or re-certification.

Neither Atlantic Information Services nor its employees have made or hereby purport to make any representation, warranties, or covenants with respect to the information contained or the results generated by their use, nor will they be liable for any damage, loss or claims, including those of an incidental or consequential nature arising out of the use of this training module or the information presented by the qualified trainer.

This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial or federal laws or by-laws, regulations, or legislation.

General Information

Structural pests affect our daily lives. They can impact human health, lower property values, and destroy food items and animal feed.

Sometimes, these pests will need to be controlled.

Structural pest control refers to the control of pests in, on, or near a structure.

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General Information

The most responsible approach to structural pest control is to use an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

IPM uses a number of pest control measures, depending upon the type of pest to be controlled.

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A responsible IPM program will sometimes require the use of chemicals (or pesticides).If not used responsibly, pesticides can be hazardous to humans and the environment. Safe pesticide use will help you to better protect yourself, your family, clients, bystanders, animals, and the environment from potential harm.

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Learning Objectives

Completing this training module will help you to:Understand and use proper pesticide terms. Understand the way different pesticides work.Understand the way different adjuvants work.Understand pesticide compatibility.

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General Comments

This training module combines the information from the Applicator Core Manual and the Structural Pest Control Manual, and is the basis for writing the certification exam required for a Class C-1 Pesticide Applicator Certificate.

A Class C-1 certificate authorizes the holder to apply a non-fumigant pesticide to stored feed, dwellings, or other structures.

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General Comments

It is important to understand pesticide-related terms when selecting, purchasing, and applying a pesticide.

You should also be familiar with the active ingredient, formulation, common name, and trade name of those chemicals and chemical families that you use.

PestA pest is any harmful, noxious, or troublesome organism. Pests can include weeds, insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, rodents, or other plants or animals occurring where they are not wanted.

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PesticideA pesticide is any device, organism, or mixture intended to prevent, destroy, repel, kill, or mitigate a problem caused by any insect, rodent, weed, nematode, fungus, or other pest; and any other substance or mixture intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.

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Pesticide Terminology

Active Ingredient (a.i.)Is that part of a pesticide mixture that actually controls the pest.A pesticide can contain more than one active ingredient.The same active ingredient can be present in a number of different pesticides.

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Inert (or Inactive) IngredientIs a liquid or solid added to the active ingredient to make it better suited for storage, handling, or application.

FormulationIs a mixture of one or more active and inert ingredients that together create a saleable product.

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Formulation Types

Pesticides can be liquids, solids, or gases.

LiquidsEmulsifiable concentratesFlowablesMicrocapsulated suspensionsSolutions

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Formulation Types

SolidsDusts GranularsPelletsBaitsDry flowable powdersWettable powders

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Special Formulations

FumigantsAre available as gases, liquids, and solids.Liquid fumigants become gases when released (applied).Solid fumigants are available as dusts, pellets, or tablets.

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Special Formulations

Soluble PackagesAre pre-weighed amounts of a pesticide packaged in a water soluble, plastic bag.

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CarrierIs mixed with the active ingredient to make the product safer to apply, easier to handle, or better suited for storage (e.g., water, oil, solvents, or clay).

Ready-to-use (RTU) pesticide formulations do not need a carrier.

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AdjuvantsCan be added to the pesticide by the manufacturer or the applicator.Adjuvants make the product safer, more effective, easier to handle, or easier to apply.

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Types of AdjuvantsType Activity

Penetrants Allow the pesticides to get through the outer layer of a treated surface.

Spreaders Allow the pesticides to form a uniform coating over the treated surface.

Stickers Allow the pesticide to remain on the treated surface.

Surfactants Improve the spreading, dispensing, or wetting properties of a pesticide.

Antifoaming Agents Reduce foaming of spray mixtures that require vigorous agitation.

Buffering Agents Increase the solubility of pesticides in water or slow the chemical breakdown of some pesticides by lowering the pH of alkaline water.

Drift Retardants Increase the droplet size of the spray material, reducing particle drift.

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Naming Pesticides

Common Name Is the name(s) of the active ingredient(s) found in the product.Appears in lower case letters, often next to the word “guarantee” on the principal panel of the label.

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Naming Pesticides

Trade or Product Name Is the registered trademark chosen by the manufacturer.

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Examples of Trade and Common Names

Trade /Product Name Common Name

Rozol Chlorophacinone

Poulins Rodent Bait Warfarin and Sulfaquinoxiline

Advance Plus Abemectin

Trade and Common Names as They Appear on a Label

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Understanding how pesticides work, the pests they control, and the chemical family they belong to can help you choose the best product for an application.

It can also help you better protect human health and safeguard the environment when using a pesticide.

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Pesticides are grouped according to: Target Pests (what pests they control)Mode of Action (how they control these pests)Chemical Family

Pesticide Groupings

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Pesticide Groupings

1. Target Pests Target Pest Type of Pesticide

fungi fungicidesplants (weeds) herbicidesinsects insecticidesnematodes nematicidesbirds avicides rodents rodenticidesfish piscicides

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Pesticide Groupings

2. Mode of Action or Route of EntryIndicates the way that a pesticide works to stop the normal functioning of a pest, and eventually control or kill the pest.

Many pesticides can have more than one mode of action.

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Modes of Action (insect larval and adult control)

1. Contact 5. Attractants2. Stomach Ingestion 6. Repellents 3. Systemic 7. Growth Regulators 4. Fumigants

(See Module 3: Pest Control for additional detail.)

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Modes of Action

Contact insecticides control pests by direct contact.Stomach ingestion insecticides control insect pests after the larvae eat the insecticide.Systemic insecticides are applied to or injected into the animal. They are absorbed and then move (by the blood ) throughout the animal.


Fumigants work as a gas and control pests that breathe in the gas or thermal fog.Attractants have a smell or scent that attracts insects to a trap.Repellents produce an odour to repel insects from treated plants.Growth regulators act like a pest’s own hormones. They cause abnormal development, usually causing early moulting to the adult stage.

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3. Chemical Family

A chemical family is a group of pesticides with a similar chemical makeup.

Pesticides in the same chemical family often have similar modes of action, poisoning symptoms, and persistence in the environment.

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Knowing a pesticide’s chemical family will help you to:

Select the proper pesticide.Determine the personal protective equipment needed to apply the pesticide.Understand the handling precautions for each pesticide.

Pesticide active ingredients can be grouped as inorganic or organic.

Inorganic PesticidesDo not contain carbon.Have a mineral (copper, sulphur,) or a salt (copper sulphate, sodium chlorate) base.

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Chemical Family

Organic PesticidesContain carbon.Most are made from petroleum compounds.Organic pesticides derived or made from plants are referred to as ‘botanicals’.The most important families are: Organophosphates (OP’s), Carbamates, and Organochlorines (OC’s)

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Insecticide Families

Organophosphates (OP’s)Most are insecticides.These are among the most toxic pesticides used in Canada.They act by inhibiting the human cholinesterase enzyme. (See: Chapter 4: Human Health.)They tend to have a short persistence in soil.Examples: malathion and chlorpyrifos

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CarbamatesInclude insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides.Most have a short persistence in the soil.They are moderately toxic.All are cholinesterase inhibitors.Example: propoxur Need additional from Braemar

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Petroleum Based ProductsProducts act by suffocating pests.Examples: dormant oils and summer oils

BotanicalThese are rapidly degrading contact pesticides.Natural pyrethroids are extracts from plants (e.g., pyrethrin).

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Synthetic Botanical InsecticidesThese are man-made equivalents of natural pyrethrums.Example: permethrin

Microbial InsecticidesHave been developed from commonly occurring microorganisms.These are slow acting and very species-specific.Example: Bti. (Bacillus thuringiensis isrealensis)

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Compatibility with Other Pesticides

Compatible pesticides can be mixed and applied at the same time.Mixing non-compatible pesticides can result in:

A negative chemical reactionPoor pest controlDamaged equipment

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General Safety Guidelines

Each time a pesticide is to be used or handled, the applicator should:

Select the correct pesticide for the job.Handle the pesticide safely.Keep detailed application and storage records.

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Safe Handling of a Pesticide

To handle a pesticide safely:Read and follow label information and directions.Wear clean, appropriate protective equipment.Take first-aid and pesticide safety training courses.Keep work areas clean.Do not wear contact lenses.

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Never eat, drink, smoke, or chew tobacco when working with a pesticide.Always wash your hands before eating, drinking, or using the washroom.Do not shake hands or pick up a child until you have washed your hands and removed affected clothing.Wash your body, hair, and fingernails well after working with a pesticide.

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Selecting a Pesticide

Consider the following factors when selecting the best pesticide to control a given pest situation:Pest(s) to be controlled (target pest).Product registration and applicator safety.Necessary application equipment.Necessary personal protective equipment.

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Product compatibility with other pesticides.Your work schedule.Pest resistance.Pesticide residue.


Target Pest

It is important to identify the target pest(s) and the nuisance or economic risk they pose when choosing a pesticide.

Structural pest identification and control are discussed generally in Module 6: Pest Management and in greater detail in the specific pest modules (ants, rats, mice, bedbugs, and earwigs).


Pesticide Registration

The pesticide must be registered by Health Canada to control the specific structural pest.

Pesticide registration is discussed in more detail in Module 2: Legislation.


Safety and Risk of Exposure

The pesticide should present the least risk to the applicator, other people, non-target animals, and the environment.

Safety is discussed in more detail in: Module 4: Human Health, Module 13: Safe Pesticide Use, and Module 5: Environmental Safety.


Required Application Equipment

The pesticide must be compatible with available application equipment.

Common types of application equipment are discussed further in: Module 6: Pest Management and Module 12: Application Technology.


Personal Protective Equipment

You should wear the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) required to apply a chosen pesticide. Make sure all PPE is clean and in good working condition.The pesticide label will sometimes call for specific PPE.PPE is discussed in more detail in: Module 4: Human Health Safety and 13 Pesticide Safety.


Environmental Factors

When selecting a pesticide, applicators should consider temperature, rainfall, wind, water flow rates, and topography at the treatment site.

Environmental factors are discussed further in Module 5: Environmental Safety and Module 12: Application Technology.

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PEI Structural Control Pesticide Applicator Training

Course

Training Module 2 Training Module 2 LegislationLegislation

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Pesticide Regulations

Pesticide regulations are designed to protect vendors, applicators, the public, and the environment.

Federal, provincial, or municipal governments may establish pesticide legislation or by-laws.

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Learning Objectives

Completing this chapter will help you to:

Interpret and apply federal pesticide laws.Interpret and apply provincial pesticide laws.Interpret and apply municipal pesticide by-laws.Access current laws and by-laws.

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Federal Pesticide Legislation

Pest Control Products Act (PCP Act)

Is the principal federal pesticide legislation.Is administered by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), a division of Health Canada.

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Establishes regulations that address the Establishes regulations that address the registration, registration, labellinglabelling, classification, and , classification, and rere--evaluation of pesticides in Canada. evaluation of pesticides in Canada. Focus is on human health, environmental Focus is on human health, environmental protection, and pesticide effectiveness.protection, and pesticide effectiveness.

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The PCP Act ensures that pesticides:Are manufactured, stored, displayed, distributed, and used safely. Are not packaged, labelled, or advertised in a way that is misleading or likely to create a false impression of the product.

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Only those pesticides that are registered and have a Pest Control Product (PCP) number can be sold in, or brought into, Canada.

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To have a pesticide registered in Canada, a pesticide manufacturer must supply PMRA with:Product chemistry (how the pesticide behaves).Human health effects (acute and chronic toxicity, feeding studies). Metabolism (breakdown products in the environment or in plants and animals).

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Residues (in the soil or in a crop after application, half life). Environmental impact (effect on non-target animals and the environment).Effectiveness under Canadian conditions.

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The information provided by the manufacturer allows the PMRA:

To ensure that the product does not pose an undue risk to human health, plants, animals, or the environment.

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To decide which precautionary statements and hazard symbols must appear on the label. This will help those who handle the pesticide to assess potential hazards.

To make a final decision regarding registration of the pesticide and the assigning of a Pest Control Product (PCP) registration number.

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Pesticide Classification

Pesticides are classified by their use.There are four classes

Domestic Commercial (agricultural or industrial)Restricted Manufacturing

The class appears on the product label.

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Domestic Class

Products are designed for use in or around the home or garden. Minimal personal protective equipment is needed for safe handling and application of these pesticides.Training is not required to purchase or apply a Domestic pesticide.

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Products are sold in small packages.Pesticides are ready to use, or only minimal mixing is required.Products have a low toxicity and pose a low risk to applicators and the environment when handled according to label directions.

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Commercial Class

The term ‘Agricultural’ or ‘Industrial’ often appears on the product label.These pesticides are used in agriculture, forestry, industry, and other commercial operations. The active ingredient (a.i.) can be the same as that in a Domestic class product.

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These products can pose a greater risk to human health or the natural environment.They may be too toxic, persistent, or hazardous to be used by the general public. These pesticides are often packaged in large containers, or prepared with higher concentrations of active ingredient.

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Special training is required before purchasing or mixing these pesticides.Personal protective equipment must be used when handling these products.

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Example of a Commercial Class Product Label


Example: Directions For Use

TO CONTROL COCKROACHES, ANTS, SPIDERS, SILVERFISH, CENTIPEDES, CRICKETS, BOXELDER BUGS AND CLOVER MITES: Direct spray into hiding places, cracks, crevices, behind baseboards and molding, behind and under stoves, sinks, refrigerators, shelving, and openings around electrical connections or plumbing. Spray ant trails, nests and points of entry. Spray insects directly whenever possible. Repeat application when re-infestation occurs.


Restricted Class

Pesticides are placed in a Restricted class due to high toxicity, method of application (e.g., application to water), or the level of risk they pose to the environment.These products are used in agriculture, forestry, industry, and other commercial operations, with added restrictions noted on the label.

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Manufacturing Class

These products are used in manufacturing, formulating, or repackaging. Pesticide applicators do not have access to these products.

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Other Federal Legislation

Food and Drugs Act (Health Canada)Regulates the sale, import, and export of food that might contain harmful or poisonous substances. Protects the health of consumers by setting a Maximum Residue Level (MRL), or the maximum amount of pesticide residue, at the time of harvest, that may be contained in food. Food is tested under this Act to ensure that MRL’s are not exceeded.

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Other Federal Legislation

Pesticide Residues Compensation Act Migratory Birds Convention Act Fertilizers Act Feeds Act Fisheries Act Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) National Building Code of Canada (NBC)

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Provincial Pesticide Legislation

PEI Pesticides Control Act and Regulations Administrated by the Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry.Establishes the license requirements for commercial pesticide applicator and vendor businesses. Establishes the certification requirements for private and commercial pesticide applicators, and for vendor sales staff.

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Establishes pesticide applicator categories (agricultural, forestry, landscape, structural, biting fly control, etc.).Regulates pesticide sale, transport, display, storage, application, special-use permits, disposal, and record keeping AFTER products enter the province.Establishes penalties for violations.

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PEI Pesticides Control Act and Regulations

Topics covered:

TransportationDisposal Buffer zonesWind speed

StorageLicenses/CertificationNotificationScheduled products


Pesticide Transport

Pesticide cannot be transported with food items, animal feed, household furnishings, bedding, clothing, or similar commodities.

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Pesticide Transport

Pesticide must be transported in the manufacturer’s sealed container.The container must be:

in a separate, enclosed, leak-proof compartment that is securely affixed to the transport vehicle, OR secured to the transport vehicle using appropriate tie-down straps.


Pesticide / Container Disposal

Pesticide must be disposed of only as prescribed by the manufacturer or the provincial Minister of Environment, Energy and Forestry.It is illegal to bury or burn ANY pesticide container.


Water Protection

No pesticide container can be brought within 25 metres of an open body of water.No pesticide application equipment can be filled, discharged, washed, or flushed within 25 metres of an open body of water or a well.

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Maximum Wind Speed

No person can apply a dry pesticide formulation, or a liquid formulation under pressure, when the wind speed exceeds 20 km/h.

Storage Facility Regulations

Pesticide amounts in excess of Pesticide amounts in excess of 100 kilograms or 100 100 kilograms or 100 litreslitres of of formulated product, must be formulated product, must be stored in an approved storage stored in an approved storage facility.facility.

This facility must meet the This facility must meet the following criteria:following criteria:

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Pesticide Application

A person cannot purchase or apply a non-domestic pesticide unless they hold a valid pesticide applicator certificate in the appropriate category. To obtain a certificate the person must:Successfully complete an approved examination appropriate to the class of certificate, with a mark of not less than 75%.Be 18 years of age.

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Class C-1 Certificate

No person can apply a non-domestic, non-fumigant pesticide to stored feed, dwellings, or other structures unless the person holds a Class C-1 Pesticide Applicator Certificate. Certificates are valid for 5 years from the date of their issue.

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Recording Keeping

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Every Person who holds a Pesticide Applicator Certificate must keep records of each pesticide use or application. Recorded information must include the following:

Pesticide Application Business License

Anyone who offers a service involving the application of a non-fumigant pesticide to stored feed, dwellings, or other structures must hold a Class C-1 Pesticide Application Business License.

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Schedule 1 Pesticides

A Pesticide Application Permit is required to apply certain (Schedule 1) pesticides.

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PEI Pesticides Control Act and Regulations

Applicators must understand these regulations before purchasing and applying a pesticide.A copy of the Pesticides Control Act and regulations can be obtained by contacting the:


PEI Pesticide Regulatory ProgramPEI Pesticide Regulatory Program

(902) 620(902) 620--31103110

www.gov.pe.ca/go/pesticideswww.gov.pe.ca/go/pesticides

http://www.gov.pe.ca/go/pesticides

Municipal Pesticide Legislation

Municipal authorities:May have legislative power to establish by-laws concerning pesticides.May establish by-laws and building codes that restrict the location, construction, or operation of pesticide storage facilities.

Contact local municipal councils for more specific information.

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Training Module 3, Part 1Labelling

Core

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Core

Learning Objectives

Completing this training module will help you to:

Understand the legal status of a pesticide label. Interpret and apply information provided on a pesticide label.Interpret and apply pesticide toxicity information.

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Product Label

A pesticide label is a legal document.Every pesticide sold in Canada must have an approved label. The label provides detailed information about the pesticide and its use.The label is the best source of information on a pesticide.

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Product Label

Always READ THE LABEL before purchasing, transporting, storing, applying, or disposing of a pesticide.The label is typically fastened to the pesticide container. It can also take the form of a small booklet or pamphlet packaged with, or on, the container.

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Product Label

Contact the vendor should you need a replacement label.NEVER use information provided by another source in place of the information on the label.The label has a Primary Display Panel and a Secondary Display Panel.

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Primary Display Panel

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PCO ROACH CONCENTRATECOMMERCIAL

GUARANTEE:PYRETHRINS......................………………...50%

PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TECHNICAL.......7.50%

REGISTRATION NUMBER 15648 PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT

Read the label before use

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

NET CONTENTS 10LBayer Crop Science Inc.*

Suite 100 –3131 114th Avenue S.E.Calgary, AB T2Z 3X2

Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

Product or Trade Name

PCO ROACH CONCENTRATE

Usually the largest lettering. Is the registered name under which the manufacturer (registrant) has chosen to sell the product.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

Formulation

A formulation is the form in which a pesticide is sold. This can be as a solid, liquid, or gas.It includes everything that is in the container (active ingredient, carriers, dilutants, or other materials).The same active ingredient can be present in more than one formulation.

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Formulations and Their Abbreviations

A formulation can be a liquid, gas, or solid. Each formulation has a unique name and abbreviation.

LiquidsEmulsifiable Concentrate (EC)Flowable (F)Solution (S or SN)

GasesFumigant (FU)

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Formulations and Their Abbreviations

SolidsDust (DU) Granular (G)

Pellet (P) Seed Treatment (ST)

Soluble Powder (SP) Granule Powder (GP)

Wettable Powder (WP)

Class DesignationCOMMERCIALClassified under the Pest Control Products (PCP) Act.Only those individuals trained in safe pesticide handling and application can use Commercial (Agricultural or Industrial) or Restricted class pesticides.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

Net Contents

Indicates the total volume (litres) or weight (kilograms) of product in the container.In this example the container holds 10 litres (L).

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

Precautionary Symbols and Words

Precautionary symbols indicate the type and level of hazards associated with this pesticide.

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Precautionary Pictograms

Pictograms are used to indicate the type of acute hazard associated with a product.

A skull and crossbones on a label indicates that a product is a poison.

A flame indicates that a product is flammable.

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Precautionary Pictograms

A bony hand indicates that a product is corrosive.

An exploding grenade indicates that a product is explosive.

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Precautionary Shapes and Words

An octagon on the label indicates an extreme hazard.

A diamond indicates a moderate hazard.

danger

warning

An upside-down triangle indicates a slight hazard.

caution

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Toxicity

Toxicity is a measure of how harmful or poisonous a substance is (i.e., its ability to cause injury, sickness, or other unwanted effects).Toxic effects can vary with the sex, health, age, and weight of the individual; the route of entry; or the duration of exposure. Toxicity can be classified as chronic or acute.

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Chronic Toxicity

Chronic toxicity results from a number of exposures to small pesticide doses.Adverse effects (symptoms) occur and persist over time. Effects are often irreversible.

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Acute Toxicity

Acute toxicity results from one or more exposures to a pesticide.Adverse effects (symptoms) occur within a few hours to a few days.Effects are often reversible.

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Acute Toxicity

Acute toxicity is measured primarily by determining the LC50 or LD50 of the pesticide.

LC50 is the lethal concentration (in parts per million) of vapour that will kill 50% of the test animals when inhaled over a given time period.

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LD50 is the lethal dose of substance (measured in mg per kg of body weight) that will kill 50% of the test animals when ingested (swallowed) or applied to the skin.

The lower the number of the LC50 or LD50the more toxic the pesticide.

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The Lower the Number of the LC50 or LD50 the More Toxic the Pesticide.

The level of acute toxicity is indicated on the pesticide label using precautionary symbols, words, and statements.

Pesticide Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Toxicity

Metam (Vapam) 97 highMCPA 700 – 1,000 mediumMetribuzin (Sencor, Lexone) 1,937 – 2,345 lowGlyphosate (Roundup) 4,320 low

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How Precautionary Shapes and Words Are Determined for a Pesticide Label

Core

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Combining Shapes and Pictograms on a Label

Caution explosive

Danger flammable

Warning poison

“Read the Label” Statement

Read the label before:Purchasing,Mixing,Applying, orStoring, a pesticide.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

“Keep out of Reach of Children”

Store any pesticide in a secure area, inaccessible to children.Store pesticides only in their original container to avoid children mistaking them for another product.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

“Guarantee” Statement

The guarantee statement provides:The common name and the concentration of all the active ingredients (a.i.) in the pesticide.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

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“Guarantee” Statement

Concentration can be shown as weight per unit volume (g/l) or percentage by volume or weight (e.g., 50% ).This label example indicates that there are two (2) active ingredients.

Example “Guarantee” Statement

Half the volume (50%) is pyrethrins and 7.5% is Piperonyl Butoxide.This also means that 42.5% of the volume in each litre of this product is another substances (water or an adjuvant).

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PYRETHRINS......................………………...50%PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TECHNICAL.......7.50%

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Adjuvants

Adjuvants are substances added by the manufacturer or applicator to improve one or more of the pesticide’s qualities, or to promote better application of the active ingredient. Adjuvants may include the following:Surfactants Improve the spreading, dispersing,

and/or wetting properties of a pesticide mixture.

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More Examples of Adjuvants

Stickers Allow pesticides to stay on the treated surface.

Drift Retardants and Thickeners

Increase spray droplet size and reduce drift.

Anti-foaming Agents

Reduce foaming of spray mixtures.

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Selecting an Adjuvant

Applicators wishing to add an adjuvant must follow pesticide label directions. The label on the adjuvant will list the pesticides and formulations with which it can be safely combined.Use of an unregistered adjuvant is illegal under the Pest Control Products (PCP) Act. It could also change the pesticide’s effectiveness or cause injury to non-target plant or animal species.

Pest Control Products Act Registration Number (PCP Number)

Shows that the product has been registered with Health Canada. The Pest Control Products ActNumber is unique to the pesticide formulation.Any change in the formulation by the manufacturer will require a new number.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

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Higher PCP numbers indicate more recent pesticide registrations. Do not purchase a pesticide unless a registration or PCP Number appears on the label.Poison control data bases are tied to the PCP Number.Give the PCP Number to medical personnel when seeking help.

Pesticide Registrant (manufacturer)

Provides information on the company or manufacturer that registered the pesticide.Provides information for contacting the registrant in case of an emergency, or when seeking more detail on a pesticide.

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Telephone: 1-888-283- 6847

03/07/2009 1


Training Module 3, Part 2Labelling

03/07/2009 2




Learning Objectives

Completing this training module will help you to:

Interpret and apply label information found on the Secondary Display Panel.Find, interpret, and apply Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) information.

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Product Label Review

The label is a legal document.Every pesticide sold in Canada must have an approved label.The label provides detailed information about the pesticide and its use.The label is the best information source on a pesticide.

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Always READ THE LABEL before purchasing, transporting, storing, applying, or disposing of a pesticide.The label is often fastened to the pesticide container. It can also take the form of a small booklet or pamphlet packaged with, or on, the container.

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Contact the vendor if you need to replace a missing or damaged pesticide label.Never use information provided by another source in place of the information on the label.The label has a Primary Display Panel and a Secondary Display Panel.

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03/07/2009 Ch. 3 Pg. 52 7

Secondary Display Panel

9. Directions for use.10. Precautions.11. Disposal instructions.12. First aid instructions.13. Toxicological

information.14. Notice to user.15. Notice to buyer.

9. Directions for Use

Information provided includes:Pests that can be controlled (e.g., insects, rodents).Location where the pesticide can be used.Amount of pesticide needed and how it should be mixed.Application procedure and rate(s).

03/07/2009 Ch. 3 Pg. 50 8

Type of application equipment needed.How to ensure a safe application.When the pesticide should not be used.Timing and number of applications

permitted per season.

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Example Statement: PCO Roach Concentrate

Directions for Use“Direct spray into hiding places, cracks, crevices, behind baseboards and molding, behind and under stoves, sinks, refrigerators, shelving, and openings around electrical connections or plumbing. Spray ant trails, nests, and points of entry. Spray insects directly whenever possible.”

SPC Label

10. Precautions

Information provided includes:Hazards that can result from use of the pesticide.How to apply the pesticide safely.How to protect the applicator and others when mixing, applying, storing, and disposing of the pesticide.

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Human health or environmental concernsassociated with use of the pesticide.Storage, application, handling, and buffer zone requirements.Re-entry intervals for treated areas.

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Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateEnvironmental Hazard“Remove pets, birds, and cover fish aquaria before spraying. This product is toxic to fish, shrimp, crab, and other aquatic organisms. Keep out of lakes, streams, and ponds. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.”

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Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateSafety Hazard“Flammable mixture. Product contains petroleum distillate. Do not store, pour, or use near fire or flame. Wear a mask or respirator when applying spray mist. Wear protective clothing.”

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11. Disposal

Provides direction on how to safely dispose of the pesticide and empty pesticide containers.

More detail on “cleaning and discarding of pesticide containers” is provided in Module 13: Safe Pesticide Use.

Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateDisposal“Do not re-use empty container. Rinse the emptied container thoroughly and add the rinse water to the spray mixture in the tank. Make the empty container unsuitable for further use. Dispose of the container in accordance with provincial requirements.”

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12. First Aid Instructions

Provides a primary source of First Aid information.

ALWAYS read this section of the label beforehandling a pesticide. Also, ensure that family and fellow workers are familiar with this information.Provides direction on what to do if someone is poisoned or injured by the pesticide, or if the pesticideis spilled on skin, splashed in the eyes, or swallowed.

Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateFirst Aid“IF SWALLOWED: Contact a physician or Poison Control Centre. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a physician. Contains petroleum distillate. Vomiting may cause aspiration pneumonia.”

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Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateFirst Aid“IF IN EYES OR ON SKIN: Flush affected areas with plenty of water. Consult a physician if irritation persists.”

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Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateFirst Aid“IF INHALED: Remove affected person to fresh air. Apply artificial respiration if indicated.”

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13. Toxicological Information

Provides information that may be needed by medical personnel in case of a pesticide poisoning or related injury.

May list common signs and symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning for exposure to this pesticide.May give information on an antidote.

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May describe other substances that can affect treatment.In the event of an accident, give the PCP Actregistration number and toxicological information for the pesticide to medical authorities.

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Pesticide Poisoning

ALWAYS read the Toxicological Information section of the label before using a pesticide. This lists the acute poisoning symptoms. Knowing these symptoms can help you to quickly identify a poisoning situation.If someone is exposed to a pesticide, and any of these symptoms begin to show, seek medical help at once.

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Example Statement: PCO Roach Concentrate

“Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.”

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Common Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning

Mild Symptoms:

Headaches; perspiration; fatigue (feeling tired); diarrhea; loss of appetite; dizziness; thirst; weakness; moodiness; nausea; and irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, or throat.

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Moderate Symptoms:

Nausea, stomach cramps, trembling, vomiting, loss of muscular co-ordination, diarrhea, excess saliva, mental confusion, blurred vision, sweating, tightened throat or chest, rapid pulse, laboured breathing, cough,and flushed or yellow skin.

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Severe Symptoms:

Vomiting, pinpoint pupils, loss of reflexes, convulsions, increased breathing rate, unconsciousness, inability to breathe, muscle twitching, and fever.

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Generic Example Statement:“Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, pin-point pupils, convulsions, and coma. This product may cause cholinesterase inhibition. ATROPHINE is ANTIDOTAL.”

14. Notice to User

Example Statement: “This control product is to be used only in accordance with the directions on this label.”

It is an offence under the PCP Act and the P.E. I. Pesticides Control Act to use a pesticide in an unsafe way.

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15. Notice to Buyer

Example Statement:“Seller’s guarantee shall be limited to the terms set out on the label and, subject thereto, the buyer assumes the risk to persons or property arising from the use or handling of this product and accepts the product on that condition.”

Additional Information That Can Appear on the Pesticide Label

Re-entry period Spill cleanup instructions Emergency contact statementsSteps to reduce drift

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Additional Information That Can Appear on the Pesticide Label

Environmental hazards Buffer zone statements Total number of applications per season Storage informationResistance management statements Compatibility

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Re-entry Period

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The re-entry period is the minimum time between a pesticide application and the time when it is safe to re-enter a treated area.

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Example Statement: PCO ROACH CONCENTRATE

Statement: When used as an indoor space spray.“Keep area closed for 10 minutes. Vacate treated area. Ventilate and sweep up dead insects before re-occupying.”

Label statements may also identify personal protective equipment (PPE) needed to safely re-enter a structure.Handling treated household articles or going back into the application area too soon couldresult in pesticide poisoning.

03/07/2009 Ch. 3 Pg. 54 35

Example Statement: PCO Roach ConcentrateDirections for Use“Food should be removed or covered during treatment. All food processing surfaces should be covered during treatment and thoroughly cleaned with potable water before using. When using this product in these areas, apply only when the facility is not in operation.”

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Spill Cleanup Instructions

Example Statement:“Wear appropriate protective equipment (gloves, glasses, apron) when attempting to clean up the spill. If the container is leaking, secure leak and place the container into a drum or heavy gauge plastic bag. Contact company (see emergency telephone number) for further information.”

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Emergency Contact statements

Example Statements:“In case of a major spill or fire, call 1-800-XXX-XXXX.”

“In case of pesticide poisoning, call the Poison Control Centre at 1-800-XXX- XXXX.”

Environmental Hazards

Potential environmental hazards appear under the Precautions section of the secondary display panel.The statements will be specific to each pesticide.

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Example Statements:“This product is toxic to fish, shrimp, crab, and other aquatic organisms. Keep out of lakes, streams, and ponds. Do not apply where runoff is likely to occur. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.”

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Storage Information

Pesticides can release toxic vapours, be highly flammable, or react with other chemicals. For example, stored herbicides can emit vapours that contaminate other pesticides.

Example Statement:“Store this product at least 10 metres (10 m) from other pesticide products.”

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Resistance Management Statements

Resistance management statements provide direction on how to avoid pest resistance to a given pesticide.

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Example Statements:“For resistance management purposes, it is recommended that this product be applied not more than twice in sequence.”

“Use a sound resistance management program that includes the use of other products with different modes of action.”

Compatibility Information

Provides information on whether a product is registered and safe for tank mixing with other pesticides.

Mixing pesticides that are not compatible can reduce their effectiveness, injure the treated crop, plug sprayer nozzles, or damage equipment.

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Tank Mixing

Tank mixing is the combining of different pesticides in the same spray tank to be applied to the same area at the same time. This can save time and cost. All registered tank mixes will be listed on the label of one, or both, products.

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Material Safety Data SheetsAre not legal documents, nor are they a substitute for the label.Can provide additional information on health hazards, safety precautions, and guidelines for protecting the environment.

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Applicators should have a copy of, and review, the MSDS for any pesticide they use.Your pesticide vendor or product manufacturer can supply copies of MSDS.

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Components of MSDS

Product identification Hazardous ingredients Physical data Occupational procedures and preventive measures First aid and emergency procedures

Fire and explosion hazard Toxicity and health effects Reactivity data Preparation data and group

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Example of a MSDS

Page 1

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Example of a MSDS

Page 2

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Example of a MSDS

Page 3

03/07/2009 1

PEI Structural Pest Control Pesticide Applicator Training

CourseTraining Module 4, Part 1

Human Health

03/07/2009 2



This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial or federal laws or by-laws, regulations or legislation.

03/07/2009 3

Human Health

Topics to be CoveredPesticide Poisoning.High Risk Pesticide Families.Cholinesterase Blood Testing.Pesticide Risk.

Learning Objectives

Completing this training module will help you to:Identify the causes of pesticide poisoning.Recognize the symptoms of pesticide poisoning. Understand how toxicity differs among pesticide families.Minimize the risk of pesticide poisoning.

03/07/2009 4

Learning Objectives

Completing this training module will help you to:Recognize the role of a cholinesterase blood test.Identify general health effects of pesticides used in the structural pest control industry.

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Managing Pesticide Poisoning

Before Working With Pesticides: Have a full medical examination.Understand that respiratory or heart disease may stop you from using a respirator.Advise your employer of any medical conditions you may have.

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Avoid exposure when handling and using a pesticide.Review poisoning symptoms on the pesticide label before using any pest control product.Seek medical help at once if someone is exposed to a pesticide, and any of the acute pesticide poisoning symptoms noted on the label begin to show.

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Pesticide absorption rates vary depending upon the body part exposed.

Common Causes of Pesticide Poisoning

DERMAL EXPOSURENot washing hands after handling pesticides, containers, or equipment.Splashing /spilling pesticide on skin.Not wearing gloves when removing pesticide-contaminated personal protective equipment.Applying pesticides in windy weather.Not wearing gloves when touching treated plants or when handling spray equipment.

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ORAL EXPOSURENot washing hands before eating, smoking, or chewing.Splashing pesticide into mouth.Storing pesticide in anything but the original container.

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INHALATION EXPOSUREHandling pesticides in confined or poorly ventilated areas without wearing a respirator.Handling dusts or powders without wearing a respirator.Using an inadequate or poorly fitting respirator.

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INHALATION EXPOSUREBeing exposed to drift without wearing a respirator.Not washing hands before smoking.

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EYE EXPOSURERubbing eyes or forehead with contaminated gloves or hands.Splashing liquid or dry formulations without wearing goggles.Applying pesticides in windy weather without wearing goggles.

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Sensitivity

Exposure to active ingredients or components of the formulation can appear as a sensitivity. Repeated exposure can make individuals even more sensitive (Chronic Toxicity).Sensitivity can appear as a rash, headache, watering eyes, itchy skin, or breathing problems.

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Sensitivity

Some people are especially sensitive to pesticides.Read the toxicological section of the label before using a pesticide so you can recognize acute symptoms of pesticide poisoning.

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Pesticide Poisoning

Review:Acute pesticide poisoning can occur after one exposure to a product. Symptoms can appear within a few minutes to 96 hours.Chronic poisoning occurs after a number of exposures to a pesticide over a long time.Symptoms appear over time and persist.

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Pesticide Families

Products within the same family can produce similar poisoning effects. Some families are more toxic than others.Knowing the chemical family of a pesticide will help you to handle and use it properly.Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are the most acutely toxic landscape pesticides.Excess exposure can inhibit the function of the enzyme cholinesterase.

Cholinesterase Inhibiting Adulticides

COMMON NAME USE ORAL

LD50

DERMALLD50

CHEMICALGROUP**

Chlorpyrifos R/TF 135-163 202 OP

Malathion TF/ULV 1,375 >4,400 OP

Dichlorvos TF/ULV 80 107 OP

Naled R/TF/ULV 430 800 OP

Propoxur R/TF/ULV 90-128 1,000 C

7/3/2009 SPC 18

R = residual spray; TF = thermal fog; ULV = ultra low volume

Cholinesterase Inhibition

Interfering with the levels of the body enzyme cholinesterase will affect messages being sent by the brain to various parts of the body.This can cause trembling, twitching, convulsions, or trouble with breathing and the heart. It can even cause death in severe cases.Always check the toxicological section of the secondary label panel for statement: “ This product may cause cholinesterase inhibition”.

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Cholinesterase Blood Test

A test is available to determine the level of cholinesterase in the blood. Contact your family doctor to arrange a baseline test.The baseline level of cholinesterase varies between individuals, so your first blood test should be taken before handling, using, or being exposed to these pesticides.This will determine your personal baseline levelof cholinesterase.

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Tests should be done at various times of the year to set your baseline value and determine if levels are acceptable.


Medical professional will advise if further action is required.Early detection of unacceptable exposure avoids chronic poisoning.Without further exposure, blood cholinesterase levels will return to normal after about 120 days for organophosphate poisoning (recovery is more rapid for carbamate poisoning).

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High Risk Biting Fly Pesticides

Organophosphates (OP)Repeated exposure can cause acute and chronic poisoning.There is often little long-term effect unless exposure continues. OP’s are quickly adsorbed through the skin, lungs, or digestive tract.

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High Risk Pesticide Families

Affect the nervous system by reducing blood levels of cholinesterase.This can be a concern for workers in the biting fly industry.Workers should have their blood tested for cholinesterase before the start of each season.Examples: Dichlorvos, Malathion, and Chlorpyrifos.

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Common Symptoms of Acute Pesticide Poisoning with

OrganophosphatesMild Poisoning Symptoms:

Headache; perspiration; fatigue (feeling tired); diarrhea; loss of appetite; dizziness; thirst; vision problems; weakness; moodiness; nausea; and irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, or throat.

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OrganophosphatesModerate Poisoning Symptoms:(Contact a doctor if any of these symptoms are noticed.)

Nausea; stomach cramps; vomiting; loss of muscular co-ordination (trembling); diarrhea; salivation; mental confusion; blurred vision; sweating; tightness of throat or chest; slow pulse; laboured breathing; and flushed or yellow skin.

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OrganophosphatesSevere Poisoning Symptoms: (Contact a doctor if any of these symptoms are noticed.)

Vomiting; pinpoint pupils; loss of reflexes; convulsions; breathing troubles; coma; unconsciousness; bluing of skin; muscle twitching; heart trouble; and loss of bowel control.

03/07/2009 CORE 28

Pesticide Risk

Risk of exposure exists any time you handle a pesticide. It is important that you know how to measure, assess, and reduce risk.

Exposure is the amount of contact with a pesticide.

Toxicity is a measure of how harmful or poisonous a pesticide is.

Risk = level of exposure X toxicity

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Pesticide Risk

To reduce the risk from pesticides:

Choose a less toxic product.Reduce the level of exposure.

7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 4, Part 2Human Health

CORE

7/3/2009 2




CORE

7/3/2009 CORE 3

Learning objectives

Completing this section will help you to:Identify routes of pesticide exposure.Identify sources of pesticide poisoning.Identify and select proper personal protective equipment.Clean, maintain, and store personal protective equipment.

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Routes and Sources of Exposure

Absorption: taken in through the eye or skin at any place on the body

Ingestion: Taken into the stomach through the mouth

Inhalation: Breathed into the lungs through the nose or mouth

Absorption

The most common route is though the skin.The absorption rate depends on the pesticide and the affected location on the body. The head, small of the back, armpits, and groin are the most absorptive body areas.Pesticide is absorbed at a faster rate through a cut or sweaty skin.Risk can be reduced by wearing proper PPE.

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Areas That Need Protection From Absorption

HeadEyes

BodyHands

Feet

Protection of the Head

The hat should be wide-brimmed, non-absorbent (not a cloth or leather baseball cap), and easy to clean.

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Always wear a hat when handling a pesticide. The head can absorb a pesticide faster than most other parts of the body. Wash the hat with other contaminated clothing.

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Protection of the Eyes Face and eye protection is Face and eye protection is especially especially important when mixing and loading a important when mixing and loading a pesticide.pesticide. Product can be quickly Product can be quickly absorbed and some can directly damage absorbed and some can directly damage the eyes. the eyes.

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Protection of the Eyes

Goggles and face shield Wear a full-face respirator, goggles, or a face shield any time pesticide might splash or spray, or dust could pose a risk to the face or eyes.Wash eye protection equipment thoroughly with a brush, soap, and water after each use.Store protective equipment away from contact with pesticides.

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Protection of the Body

Wear long-sleeved shirts and long-legged pants, or one-piece coveralls.Clothing material should have a tight weave.Protective clothing should be clean and pesticide free.Wear cuffs over gloves and boots.

Protection of the Body

Wear waterproof material (splash pants) if clothing could become wet during a pesticide application.Wear a waterproof apron when measuring, mixing, or loading pesticides.

7/3/2009 CORE 12

Maintenance of Protective Clothing

Rinse off waterproof clothing before removing it.Store contaminated clothes in disposable plastic garbage bags before washing.Wash contaminated clothing daily.Discard clothing that is heavily contaminated by pesticide residue.

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Laundering Protective Clothing

Wash protective clothing separate from other laundry.Wear gloves when handling contaminated clothing.Pre-soak and wash contaminated clothing separate from normal laundry.Fill washer with hot water and use a heavy duty detergent. Do not overload the washing machine.

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Laundering Protective Clothing

Repeat the wash cycle, if necessary, to remove stronger chemicals.Rinse the empty washing machine by running a full cycle of clean water before washing other clothes.If possible, hang wash outside to dry.

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Protection for the Hands

Gloves should ALWAYS be worn when:Handling or applying a pesticide.Rinsing containers. Working on spray equipment. Taking off and cleaning PPE.

Protection for the Hands

Gloves:Wear clean, unlined gloves made of non-absorbent, chemical-resistant material (butyl rubber, neoprene,).‘Roll up’ the cuff to prevent dripping.Gloves must be long enough to cover the wrist and be worn under the sleeves.

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Proper Glove Removal

Avoid exposure by properly removing contaminated gloves.

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Wearing and Maintenance of Gloves

After handling a pesticide, wash gloved hands in soap and water before removing other PPE.

Gloves should be the last item of PPE removed.

Turn gloves inside out as you remove them.

Wash gloves with soap and water and then rinse.

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Wearing and Maintenance of Gloves

Check gloves for cuts or holes and throw them away if they become damaged.

Store clean gloves away from pesticides.

Always wash your hands with soap and water.

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Protection of the FeetBoots:

Should be unlined and made from chemical-resistant material, such as rubber.Should always be worn when handling a pesticide.Should be at least ankle height.

Do not wear leather or cloth footwear (e.g., sneakers).

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Wearing and Maintenance of Boots

Boots should be:Worn tucked under pant legs.Washed inside and out after each use.Stored away from pesticides.

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Ingestion

Cause PreventionAccidental ingestion. Store product in its

original container only.Transfer of pesticide onto food or drink containers.

Product splashed into mouth.

Wear splash shield when mixing product.

Wash hands after handling pesticides.

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Inhalation

Pesticide vapours can be breathed in through the mouth or nose and drawn into the lungs.Vapours are quickly and fully absorbed through the lungs and into the blood.Vapours pose the greatest hazard when using fumigants.

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Respiratory Protection

Breathing protection is important because pesticides can damage the nose, throat, and lungs. A respirator is a unit that covers the mouth and nose to prevent the lungs from taking in pesticide spray droplets, particles, and vapours. Wear a respirator when the pesticide label tells you to, and when there is a risk of exposure to harmful levels of airborne pesticides.

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Respiratory Protection

A respirator should:Be MSHA-NIOSH or BHSE approved.Come with a cartridge to block organic vapours. Be worn when the pesticide label tells you to and when there is a risk of exposure to harmful levels of airborne pesticide. Fit properly.

Respirator Types

Dust Mask Stops dust particles but DOES NOT STOP PESTICIDE VAPOURS.Wear a mask that filter particles less than 0.3 microns when dealing with bird or rodent droppings.Remove mask after removing clothing.

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Respirator Types

Cartridge Respirator Provides protection against low pesticide vapourconcentrations.Make sure cartridges are for pesticides.

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Respirator Types

Canister Respirator Provides protection against high pesticide vapour concentrations.Should be worn if the structural applicator is required to enter a spray cloud (e.g., when ULD spraying or fogging).

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Respirator Types

Air-powered Purifying RespiratorsUse an electric pump to draw air through a charcoal cartridge. The purified air is brought to a tight-fitting facemask, loose-fitting helmet, or into the tractor cab.Air-powered purifying respirators can be costly.

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Respirator Types

Self-contained Breathing EquipmentClean air is supplied through a tube from a pressurized tank on the wearer’s back. This type of equipment should be worn in areas of low oxygen, while applying a fumigant, or when fighting a fire in a pesticide storage area.

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How a Cartridge Respirator Works

How Often Should You Change Charcoal Cartridges?

As a minimum, at the start of each sprayseason.After several hours of use, if the concentration of pesticide vapour is high.If the respirator is properly fitted and a pesticide smell or odour is still detected.If breathing through the respirator becomes difficult.

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Fitting a Cartridge Respirator

Respirators come in a number of shapes and sizes.For proper protection, select one that fits securely.A tight seal cannot be achieved if the wearer has a beard or other facial hair. Do a fit test each time you put on the respirator.

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Steps for Fitting a Cartridge Respirator

Place the palm of your hand over the exhalation valve cover and breath out gently.Proper fit occurs when the face piece will bulge slightly (no air leaks between the face and face-piece).If there is a leak, take off the respirator and put it on again or readjust the tension of the elastic straps.

Steps for Fitting a Cartridge Respirator

Place a piece of paper or palms over the cartridge openings and breath in gently. Hold for 10 seconds. Proper fit occurs if the face piece collapses (no air leaks between the face and face piece). If there is a leak, take off the respirator and put it on again or readjust the tension of the elastic straps.

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Maintaining a Respirator

Check respirators regularly for damage.Make sure all valves, mechanical pre-filters, and charcoal cartridges are properly attached and sealed.Remove pre-filters and cartridges/canisters after each day of use, or when they are not in use. Keep filters and cartridges in clean, sealed, plastic bags to extend their life.

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Washing the Respirator

Put on your gloves.Remove pre-filters and cartridges/canisters.Wash the respirator face-piece in warm water. Use a mild detergent and rinse well.

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Overhead Applications

Avoid spraying above shoulder height to minimize exposure and drift.Wear full-face protection, respirator, long chemical resistant gloves, and water repellant clothing and head protection if you must apply a pesticide above shoulder height.

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General Guide for Wearing PPE

Wear PPE that is appropriate to the type of pesticide application.Stop work immediately if protective equipment stops working properly.Wear coveralls and chemical-resistant, unlined gloves and boots when handling sod or grass clippings recently treated with pesticides.

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General Guides for Storing Personal Protective Equipment

Do not store PPE in the pesticide storage area or with street clothing.

Store PPE in a cool, dry area,close to your pesticide storage site for quick access.

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Keep waterproof clothing (e.g., gloves, boots, apron, and hats) away from sunlight to extend their life.

Keep charcoal cartridges in clean, airtight containers or sealed plastic bags to extend their life.

Change the pre-filter dust pads when cartridges are changed.

03/07/2009 1


Training Module 5, Part 1Environmental Safety

03/07/2009 2




General Comments

Everyone shares responsibility for protecting the natural environment. To make the best choices, you will need to understand the short- and long-term effects of pesticides on the environment.Structural pest control programs can require the application of pesticides close to people, pets, sensitive plants, and wildlife.Care must be taken at all times to reduce non-target exposure and protect the environment.


Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand what happens to pesticides in the environment. Understand the impact that improper pesticide use can have on the environment, people, and animals.Understand how to prevent contamination when applying a pesticide to control a structural pest.


Processes That Decide the Fate of Pesticides in the Environment

Absorption – the movement of a pesticide into plants, animals, soil, or structures.Adsorption – the binding of a pesticide to soil particles.Desorption – the release of a pesticide from soil particles.Volatilization – the evaporation of a pesticide.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 123 5

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 124 6

Spray Drift – the airborne movement of pesticide spray drops or particles away from a treatment site during application.Run-off – the movement of water down a slope. Leaching – the movement of pesticides (or other chemicals) with water through the soil.Degradation – the breakdown of a pesticide.

Absorption

Refers to the movement of pesticides into organisms (plants or animals) or structures (soil or wood).Absorption into an organism is not always bad, since many of these organisms can break pesticides down into non-toxic compounds. In most cases, a pesticide will not be absorbed if it has adsorbed.

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Adsorption

Refers to the binding of a pesticide to soil or another substance.The amount of pesticide that binds to soil depends on the:

pesticide type and concentration, moisture content of the soil, soil pH, and texture of the soil.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 124 8

Adsorption

Organic soils, or soils with a fine clay texture, are most adsorptive.Pesticides adsorbed to soil can be moved with the soil by wind or water erosion onto adjacent properties or into watercourses.

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Desorption

Occurs when a pesticide that is bound or adsorbed to soil or another substance is released. Example: an insecticide bound to soil particles can be released if the soil particles move into a watercourse. When the insecticide moves into the water, aquatic organisms can then take up the insecticide and be negatively affected.

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Volatization

Volatization is the process where a solid or liquid becomes a vapour (gas). A pesticide is more likely to become a vapourunder hot, dry conditions and if the spray droplets are small.A pesticide vapour can readily move away from the treatment site and onto nearby items. This movement is referred to as Vapour Drift.

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Vapour Drift

Pesticide vapour drift can be reduced by:Using low spray pressures and large droplet sizes.Spraying only when it is relatively cool.Following label precautions for application in high temperatures.Using low volatile formulations.

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Particle (Spray) Drift

Particle (spray) drift :Refers to the airborne movement of spray droplets away from the application site during an application.Can reduce the effectiveness of pest control as a lesser amount of the pesticide is delivered to the pest. Can result in off-target contamination and damage.

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Particle (spray) drift :Is more prone to occur:

When the spray wand is moved rapidly.As the distance between the nozzle and the target increases. If the spray droplets are small.When operating with high 03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 126 14


High spray pressures produce small droplets, which are more likely to drift. To reduce particle (spray) drift :Avoid using high spray pressures.Follow the pressure recommendations on the pesticide label.

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To reduce particle (spray) drift :Select nozzle types to produce droplet sizes that are just small enough to give good target coverage. Decrease the distance between the nozzles and the target. Consider using a granular or powder formulation if you need to apply a pesticide near food preparation areas.

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Physical Processes That Affect Mobility

Surface runoffLeachingSoil erosion

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Surface Runoff

Is the movement of water down a slope.Any pesticide mixed in this water will also move.The amount of runoff can be reduced by:

Delaying an application if rain is expected.Using extra care when treating sloped areas.Not applying a pesticide to bare ground.

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Leaching

Is the movement of pesticides with rain or irrigation water through the soil.The movement can be downward, upward, or sideways.Products that leach can get into surface or ground water.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 128 19

03/07/2009 1

PEI Structural PEI Structural Pesticide Pesticide ApplicatorApplicator Training CourseTraining Course

Training Module 5, Part 2Environmental Safety

03/07/2009 2




Leaching

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 136 3

Pesticides will leach through coarse-textured (sandy) soil faster than through fine-textured (clay) soils.

Leaching

The risk of leaching increases when:Pesticide solubility is high—this results in more product being dissolved in the water.Adsorption is low—this makes more pesticide available for leaching.Desorption is high—this also makes more pesticide available for leaching.Excess water (irrigation) is added.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 126 4

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 129 5

Degradation

Is the breakdown of a pesticide into other (more basic) components.The active ingredient of a pesticide can be degraded by:

Microbial degradationChemical degradationPhoto degradation

Degradation and Half-life

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 129 6

The rate of breakdown of a chemical in the environment is referred to as its half-life.Half-life is the time it takes for one-half of the initial amount of a pesticide to break down in the environment. Half-life can be measured in days (least persistent) or years (most persistent). Example: 3 week half-life.

Persistent Pesticides

Pesticides that do not break down quickly are described as persistent.The longer the active ingredient takes to break down --- the longer it is available to move, accumulate in plant or animal tissue, and pose a risk in the environment. Persistence can vary with soil type and climate.Products persist longest in cold, sandy soils that are low in organic matter.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 129 7

Types of Degradation

Microbial degradationChemical degradationPhotodegradation

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Microbial Degradation

Occurs when soil microorganisms use the pesticide as a food. This is the most commontype of degradation.Rate of degradation is affected by:

Soil temperatureSoil pH, moisture, and fertilityPresence of oxygenChemical or physical properties of the pesticide

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Chemical Degradation

Occurs when a chemical reaction breaks a pesticide into less hazardous compounds.The rate of degradation is affected by:

Soil temperatureSoil pHSoil moistureChemical or physical properties of the pesticide

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Photodegradation

Refers to the breakdown of a pesticide by sunlight.Pesticides that photodegrade quickly usually must be incorporated into the soil to provide effective pest control.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 130 11

Contamination Sources

Point Source ContaminationOccurs when a large amount of pesticide is released in a small area (e.g., spill, fire involving pesticides, improper disposal)

Non-point Source ContaminationOccurs when a pesticide is applied according to label direction and then moves from the application site.

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Protecting Water Resources

Water is a valuable natural resource and needs to be protected.

To prevent damage to drinking water, waterways, and aquatic life always exercise care when handling, mixing, or applying any pesticide.Never throw unused pesticide down a drain.

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Aquatic Impact of Pesticides

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Pesticides can contaminate surface water (water we see, such as ditches, streams, lakes, and ocean) and groundwater(water found in aquifers below the surface).Groundwater is the source of most of our drinking water.Once groundwater is contaminated, it can remain this way for a long time.

Protecting Water Resources

Improper handling of a pesticide can:Contaminate water used for irrigation.Contaminate surface water, and kill aquatic animals and plants.Disrupt fish mating and feeding, or damage aquatic plants.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 132 15

Ways to Protect Water Resources

Consult provincial and municipal authorities to identify the locations of municipal surface and groundwater supplies.Always mix pesticides, and wash application equipment, away from water sources.Put container rinse water into the spray equipment as part of the make-up water.

03/07/2009 L&L Ch 4 Pg 32 16

Consult provincial authorities for instruction on the proper disposal of unwanted, pesticide mix.Immediately clear up all spills.Wash application equipment and protective clothing where this activity will not contaminate water sources.

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Properly maintain pesticide application equipment and check regularly for leaks in tanks, hoses, and nozzles.Ensure that pesticide application equipment is properly calibrated.Follow all product label directions.Prevent back siphoning.

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Prevent Back Siphoning

Use a back-flow or one-way valve.Keep the end of the filler hose above the water level in the tank.Never leave application equipment unattended while it is being filled with water.

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03/07/2009 Core Ch 6 Pg 135 20

Soil Contamination

Soil contamination as a result of a pesticide spill or poor container disposal can:Harm soil organisms.Contaminate drinking and irrigation water.

Protecting Soil Resources

Pesticides can contaminate soil when:Product is spilled during mixing and loading.Application equipment overflows.Containers or surplus spray mixtures are not disposed of properly.

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Air Contamination

Pesticides can enter the air through spray drift, vapour drift, or when contaminated soil erodes and is carried by wind.

Airborne pesticide particles (droplets, mist, dust, or vapours) can move to water bodies, non-target organisms, or adjoining property and cause damage.

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Protecting Air Resources

To help prevent air contamination:Follow all application requirements on the label or in provincial regulation.Given the option, use low volatile pesticides. Use the lowest spray pressure possible to reduce generating mists and small droplets.

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Use low-drift nozzles that produce larger spray droplets.Reduce the travel speed of the application wand.Ensure that the nozzle is positioned at the recommended height above the target.Match the nozzle height to the nozzle type.

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Non-target Organisms

Pets and aquarium fish, as examples, are considered to be non-target organisms.The toxicity of a pesticide to non-target organisms is usually stated on the product label (Warning Statement) or on the MSDS.Example label: “This product is highly toxic to aquarium fish. Completely over aquarium and turn off air supply before application.”

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Protecting Non-target Organisms

The impact of a pesticide on non-target organisms can be reduced by reading the information under ‘Environmental Precautions’ found on the secondary panel of the label, and then following all directions provided.

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Beneficial Organisms

Many organisms are beneficial. Only a few cause harm or damage and are considered to be pests.Some organisms (e.g., spiders) function as a key part of an IPM program, by controlling pest populations.A decrease in beneficial organism numbers can lead to an increase in harmful pest populations.

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Beneficial Organisms

Protect beneficial organisms by: Minimizing pesticide useChoosing selective, least-toxic pesticides Using tamper proof bait stationsReducing pesticide drift

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Protecting Animals

To protect animals from potential exposure to a pesticide, applicators should:Follow product label directions.Select least toxic, target-specific products.Use caution when applying baits.Store and use pesticides safely.Avoid the use of pesticides than can easily move from the area of application.

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Toxicity to Plants

Phytotoxicity (injury to plants) can occur when poorly applied pesticides contact sensitive plants. Example: an oil based insecticide is accidentally applied to a house plant. Damage can be minor (slight burning or browning of leaves) or severe (death of plant).

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Ways to Reduce Phytotoxicity

Cover house plants during a pesticide application.Prevent or minimize pesticide drift.Follow the label mixing directions and the proper application rate.

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Preventing the Accidental Release of a Pesticide

Keep equipment (tanks, storage compartments, backpacks, hoses, etc.) locked or secure on the transport or application vehicle when this is not in use.Develop a contingency plan to deal with spills.Equip each vehicle with a spill response kit.Never leave behind empty containers, excess spray mix, or pesticide product at a client’s property.

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Preventing Property Damage

To prevent pesticides from staining walls, bedding, or personal items:Check the label for any special warnings and use the product only as directed.Cover household and personal items.Minimize spray drift.Clean-up any spilled or excess pesticide or pesticide mix.

03/07/2009 General 33

7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 6Integrated Pest Management

7/3/2009 2




Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand the general principals of IPM.Understand how to use IPM in the management of structural pests.Manage and reduce pest resistance.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.1 3

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.1 4

Integrated Pest Management

IPM is a prevention-based method for managing pests effectively, economically, and safely.Eradication of CERTAIN INVADING PESTSshould be a realistic goal for a structural IPM program.The management goal for OTHER PESTSwould be to reduce pest numbers below economically damaging or socially unacceptable levels.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.1 5

Integrated Pest Management

IPM is a process that considers all available information and control methods.Using an IPM process can help to reduce the need for chemical pesticides, and can minimize adverse effects to the public and the environment.An IPM approach can provide a long-term solution to pest problems.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 7 146 6

Steps in an IPM Program

PreventionIdentificationMonitoringInjury and Action ThresholdsControlEvaluation of Results

Step 1: Prevention

Prevention:Should be the main objective of any structural IPM program. Can be effective and cost efficient.Can be as simple as changing maintenance practices, regular cleaning schedules, garbage elimination, and worker procedures.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.1 7

Step 1: Prevention

Prevention can include:Exclusion (e.g., caulking, screens, barriers, etc.).Sanitation (cleaning, waste management, etc.).Habitat alteration (closing windows, structural repair, landscaping, lighting, etc.).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.2 8

Step 1: Prevention

For prevention to be effective, structural pest applicators must have a working knowledge of the building design (plumbing, electrical, and ventilation).Applicators must communicate with their clients to establish pest tolerance levels and to develop a long-term prevention program.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.1 9

Step 2: Identification

Correct pest identification is necessary to understand pest biology. The internet, fact sheets, scientific publications, and services provided by private or government pest management experts can help you to correctly identify structural pests.

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7/3/2009 Core CH 7 Pg 148 11

Step 2: Identification

Once a pest is identified, you can determine: Its life cycle and growth stages (to select the best stage to undertake treatment), Its rate of reproduction (to determine treatment timing and frequency), andIts behaviour (to select the best time and place to undertake treatment).

Step 3: Monitoring

Before starting a monitoring program, Before starting a monitoring program, collect and analyze physical information collect and analyze physical information about the building or structure.about the building or structure.Then, conduct the monitoring program Then, conduct the monitoring program by trapping, sighting, and recording by trapping, sighting, and recording observations of pests.observations of pests.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.3 12

Step 3: Monitoring

Monitoring can be used to determine: The presence, species, and numbers of pests. When the pest has reached the most susceptible life stage for a given control method.Whether treatment is required.If there are human health protection concerns (e.g., food areas that require complete protection).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.3 13

Step 3: Monitoring

Visual inspections involve a close examination of the structure to determine the presence or absence of pests. Look for:Pest sightings, droppings, cast insect skins, rodent hair, and pest damage.Means of entry, sources of food, moist areas, and suitable pest habitat.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.2 14

Monitoring

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Means of entry Source of food

Things to look for….

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.2 16

Step 3: Monitoring

Visual inspections:Are done when and where needed.Often focus on specific areas where pests are known to frequent.Help to identify problem areas (e.g., food processing areas, bathrooms, waste management areas).Should be conducted throughout a structure.

7/3/2009 General Info 17

Step 3: Monitoring

Visual inspections:Can involve written comments (e.g., client complaints or sightings).Take less time than actually counting pests, but give limited information.Do not generate population numbers for comparison.

Step 3: Monitoring

Visual inspections: Pay close attention to sanitation conditions and general structure maintenance in kitchen and bathroom areas.Examine the exterior of a structure for points of entry.Examine immediate surroundings for likely pest habitat (e.g., dumpsters, air conditioning units, drains, and planters).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.2 18

7/3/2009 Core CH 7 Pg 150 19

Counting and Measuring Methods

Provide more detailed information than visual inspections.Provide results that can be compared from visit to visit.Deal with specific numbers, and remove the personal judgment calls of an inspector. Generate information that can be used to make good management decisions. Often involve taking samples.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 7 Pg 152 20

Sampling

Tools for sampling can include a mirror, stethoscope, flashlight, hand lens, collection vials, and sticky traps.Enough random samples should be taken to get an estimate that will reflect the situation for the entire area.Use the same sample method each time to better compare results.Sample when/where pest problems are expected.Keep records for future reference.

Counting and measuring methods are useful to:Estimate the size and spread of a pest population.Compare records between sites and dates.Evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment method.Establish injury (nuisance) and action thresholds.

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7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.3 22

Injury or Nuisance Threshold

Injury or Nuisance Threshold:Is the maximum number of pests (e.g., flies, silverfish, rodents) that can be tolerated.In a structural pest control program, the injury or nuisance threshold can be based upon health or safety concerns (disease), nuisance levels, or aesthetic tolerances.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.3 23

Action Threshold

Action Threshold is the point (number of pests) where treatment should be undertaken to prevent pest numbers from reaching the Injury or Nuisance Threshold.This point will differ depending on the type of control method used (sanitation vs a chemical control program).

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Action thresholds:Are set to eliminate prevention applications and encourage good inspection.Are site- and client-specific.

Some sites will demand zero pests as a threshold for action (e.g., rodents in a kitchen).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 25

Client Education and Communication

Your client’s pest tolerance level can be different than yours.Typically, clients may want eradication of ALL structural pests.Communication must be ongoing, as the client is key to a successful IPM program.

Step 5: Control Methods

Available control methods include:Habitation AlterationSanitationExclusionPhysical ControlChemical Control

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 26

Habitat Alteration

Some pests can be controlled by changing or eliminating areas that harbor or encourage them. Changes can include:Reducing moisture (repair leaks).Eliminating clutter (remove debris).Managing pallets (remove to exterior).Increasing the lighting (rodent deterrent).Changing the surrounding landscape.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 27

Sanitation

Sanitation is the key component of any successful structural IPM program. Clients must be educated on the importance of sanitation both inside and outside of the structure.Clients must understand their responsibility in maintaining a clean environment.Clients must understand that an initial, special cleaning program can be required to get a pest problem under control.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 28

Exclusion

Exclusion involves preventing pests from entering or using a structure.Method of exclusion depends on the site and how the site is used.Methods include: Caulking, screening, weather stripping, and barriers (e.g., heavy wire for porcupine, netting to prevent bird perching).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 29

Barriers

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 30

Examples of methods for excluding rodents.

Barriers

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 31

Plastic spikes to prevent birds from perching.

Heavy wire to prevent raccoons or porcupine from climbing.

Physical Control

Physical control can involve:Setting traps, glue boards, or mechanical devices. Using heat or cold.Manually removing nests or nesting areas (using water spray or a hooked pole).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 32

Physical Control

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.4 33

Live trap for squirrels Wasp or Yellow Jacket trap

Mechanical Devices

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Glue boards Mechanical traps

Chemical Control

Chemical control involves the use of a pesticide.This type of control requires a high level of competency because of the potential for exposure to the applicator, the public, and the surrounding environment.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.5 35

Chemical Control

Before applying a pesticide the applicator must ensure that:The pest has been properly identified.The level of infestation requires a chemical control.The appropriate product (formulation, odour sensitivity) has been selected.They are familiar with label directions for use.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.5 36

Application Techniques

Methods of chemical control available to structural applicators include:Broadcast (general).Spot treatment.Crack and crevice.Space.Bait.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.5 37

Broadcast or General ApplicationApplication to large areas like floors, walls, ceilings, or the exterior of a structure where pests are present.

Spot ApplicationLocalized application to a specific area (e.g., underneath equipment) where pests congregate.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch2 Pg 2.5 38

Crack and Crevice ApplicationSmall amount of product is applied directly into cracks or crevices where pests are hiding or may enter the structure (e.g., hollow walls, switch boxes, equipment legs, motor housings, etc.).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch2 Pg 2.5 39

Example Label Directions


TO CONTROL COCKROACHES, ANTS, TO CONTROL COCKROACHES, ANTS, SPIDERS, SILVERFISH, CENTIPEDES, AND SPIDERS, SILVERFISH, CENTIPEDES, AND CRICKETS: CRICKETS:

Direct spray into hiding places, cracks, crevices, Direct spray into hiding places, cracks, crevices, behind baseboards and molding, behind and under behind baseboards and molding, behind and under stoves, sinks, refrigerators, shelving, and openings stoves, sinks, refrigerators, shelving, and openings around electrical connections or plumbing.around electrical connections or plumbing.Spray ant trails, nests, and points of entry. Spray Spray ant trails, nests, and points of entry. Spray insects directly whenever possible.insects directly whenever possible.

Space TreatmentDispersal of insecticides into the air by foggers, misters, aerosol devices, or vapor dispensers for the control of exposed flying and crawling insect stages.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch2 Pg 2.5 41

BaitThe bait formulation is an active ingredient mixed with food or an attractive substance.Baits are available as liquids or solids.Bait is placed in a protected location or in a bait box.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch2 Pg 2.5 42

Mouse bait station

Evaluation and Follow-up

Follow-up is important for a successful IPM program. This includes:

Keeping detailed records.Implementing a quality control program.Conducting regularly scheduled inspections and interviews with the client.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 2 Pg 2.5 43

7/3/2009 Core Ch 7 Pg 163 44

Record Keeping

Date, time, and location.Target pest(s) (e.g., numbers, stage).Control method used (product).Application rate.Equipment settings. General observations.Evaluation of treatment results.

Step 5: Evaluation of Results

Preparing detailed records of the pest control / management strategies you use can help you to: Improve current pest management programs. Compare control methods (e.g., products, equipment settings, and timing).Forecast future pest problems.Plan management programs for future years.

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7/3/2009 Core Ch 7 Pg 158 46

Pesticide Resistance

Resistance develops when a few of the pests survive a chemical pesticide treatment.Offspring of these pests then develop resistance to the chemical.Once resistance develops, the use of even the highest label application rates can speed up even greater resistance.

How to Delay Pest Resistance

To minimize or prevent pest resistance: Where possible, use a combination of physical and chemical pest control measures.Use chemical pesticides only when monitoring results indicate they are needed (Action Threshold).Alternate between different chemical families (organophosphates and pyrethroids) when using pesticides.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 7 Pg 159 47

Developing an IPM Program

An Integrated Pest Management program is a decision-making tool that involves planning and acting to control pests.The control measures used should be effective, affordable, and environmentally safe. The goal is to maximize pest control, while minimizing environmental and human health risks. Chemical pest control is used only when, after careful monitoring, it is required.


Putting IPM into Practice

Start with a few small sites and build as experience is gained.Select a site with good sanitary control and few pests.Start with a client (e.g., a restaurant owner) that is prepared to support the principals of IPM.


7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 7Ant Pest Management

7/3/2009 2



This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial, or federal laws or by-laws, regulations or legislation.

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand the life cycle of ants.Identify different types of ants by their appearance and habitat.Use different methods of ant control.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.1 3

Introduction

Clients often encounter ants. They are a common structural pest, often found foraging or nesting inside or close to structures.As a structural pest control applicator, you must be able to identify the pest ant and recommend the most effective, long-lasting control program.An effective IPM program is a suitable option for ant control. (Details to be discussed later in this module.)

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3. 4

General Description of an Ant Colony

Ants have a complex social structure consisting of:Workers (sterile, wingless females) that tend the eggs and larvae, and forage for food.Queens (reproductive females).Males (soldiers and reproduction).Larvae (several stages).Pupae (molting stage for adults).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 5

Development of a New Ant Colony

Most mature ant colonies produce winged males and winged reproductive females from early spring to summer.These ants leave the colony (swarm) and mate.The males die shortly after mating occurs.The females loose their wings and establish sites for new colonies.The eggs produced hatch into tiny, white larvae that depend on food from the female.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 6

Life Cycle

The life cycle of an ant has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.Fertilized eggs from the queen produce female ants (queens, workers, or soldiers)Unfertilized eggs produce male ants.The worm-like larvae have no eyes and no legs, and are fed by the adult ants.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 7

Life Cycle

The larvae molt (shed their skin) several times as they grow.At maturity, they spin a cocoon and pupate.During this stage they change (undergo metamorphosis) into the adult form.The life cycle can last between 6 and 10 weeks.Queens can live 15+ years and workers 7 years.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 8

Life Cycle Stages

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 9

Food

Food for ants includes other insects, seeds, nectar, meat, fats, sugars, and honeydew.Honeydew is a liquid produced by aphids, mealy-bugs, scale insects, and plant hoppers.Some ants are known to protect groups of these insects and then harvest the honeydew they generate.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 10

Foraging for Food

Ants locate their food by foraging at random.Foraging takes place day and night.When a scout locates food, they typically return with a sample to the colony.Many species lay down a pheromone path from the food source to the colony.This path provides an odour trail for other workers to follow.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 11

Ant Control and IPM

Steps for proper IPM include:1. Identify

Correctly identify the ant species.2. Inspect

Determine if colonies are inside or outside of the structure.Carefully locate all the colonies in or around the structure.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 12

Ant Control and IPM

2. Inspect (con’t)Observe movement of worker ants. Interview your client about the infestation.

3. Inside InspectionsObserve where worker ants enter holes and crevices.Look for moisture stains, food, and debris.Focus your inspection near plants, appliances, drawers, and bath tubs.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.2 13

Ant Control and IPM

4. Outside InspectionsLook for activity behind shrubs and plants near the structure.Inspect plants for ants that are tending aphids, mealy-bugs, etc.Inspect wood columns, and door and window frames.Inspect sites where wires (power and telephone) or plumbing penetrate the outer wall.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.3 14

Designing a Control Program

Before establishing a control program, consult with the client to determine their nuisance threshold.Remind them that ants located outdoors are beneficial to the environment.Advise them of the role they, as the client, can play in managing ants.A control program will not be successful if conditions contributing to the problem are not corrected.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.3 15

Options for Control

Control options for managing ants include:Physical Control

Habitat alteration

Chemical ControlBaitsDustsLiquid sprays

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Physical Control

The key to long-term ant control is to eliminate their sources of food, water, and shelter.

Good housekeeping practices include: Storing food and waste in tightly sealed containers.Keeping living spaces free of food debris.Caulking all structural cracks and points of entry.Discouraging their presence by altering their habitat.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.3 17

Habitat Alteration

Alteration of habitat can result in long-term control.

To alter habitat:Caulk or repair all possible points of entry (e.g., holes in walls, doors, windows, etc.).

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Habitat Alteration

Repair leaking faucets.Trim shrubbery and move firewood away from the structure.Control aphids and mealy-bugs.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.4 19

Chemical Control

Chemical control should not be undertaken until the ant species has been correctly identified.First consider low-toxicity formulations, such as insecticidal soaps, boric acid, and pyrethrum.Formulations available include baits, dusts, and sprays. Select the formulation best suited for the site conditions.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.4 20

Baits

Baits are least toxic. Formulations typically include a sweet substance (honey, mint jelly) and a stomach poison or growth regulator.Sugar-loving ants are the easiest to control with baits.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.4 21

Baits

Do not use insecticide sprays if you want to bait for ant control. If the bait is attractive to the ants, the entire colony will be destroyed within a few weeks.Set out one (1) station for every 50 ft2 of living space.Species controlled by baits include Little Black, Pavement, and Pharaoh ants.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.4 22

Dusts

Least toxic formulations contain diatomaceous earth, boric acid, or silica gel.Dusts are most effective when injected or blown into wall voids and cracks, or applied to areas where ants travel.

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Example Label Directions

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Perma Dust (Boric Acid Dust)‘Apply directly into cracks and crevices and void areas using an injection tube in points between differentelements of construction; between equipment and floors; openings leading to voids; and hollow spaces inwalls, equipment legs, and bases where insects hide. Care should be taken to avoid depositing the productonto exposed surfaces or introducing the material into the air. Apply product only when the food areas arenot in operation.’

Sprays

Can be applied directly into cracks and crevices.Can be applied in holes drilled in false floors in cabinets or wall panels.Formulation types include wettable powders and microencapsulated sprays.May absorb into surfaces for residual control.Can be applied directly to ants.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 3 Pg 3.4 25

Sprays

For outside control, apply only as a spot spray or to the immediate perimeter of the structure.Sprays are not very effective on the exterior of a structure, as ants will just avoid the treated areas.Follow up the application by re-inspection, or by asking your client to make observations.

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General Appearance

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Parts of an ant

Ant Identification

Ant species to be discussed in this module include the:Carpenter AntPavement AntLittle Black AntThief AntPharaoh Ant

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Carpenter Ant (Camponotus spp.)

Adults are relatively large and black in colour. Size ranges from 5 mm (small workers) to 25 mm (winged female and queen).They have an evenly rounded thorax, with a single node.

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The colony is typically found in fallen logs, tree stumps, or tree holes.They are considered to be a major structural pest problem because they also forage for food and nest inside structures.They do not actually eat wood, but rather use their jaws to excavate tunnels and nest galleries.

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The excavated wood (sawdust) has a gritty texture and is discarded, in a pile, from the nest area. A pile of sawdust can be a useful tool for identifying the presence of carpenter ants.

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Control and Management

The first step in a control program is to search inside and outside a structure for nesting areas.Carpenter ants prefer moist nesting areas. Look for fungal stains on wood.Nesting areas can include patio floors, areas where gutters overflow, improperly attached structural additions, crawl spaces, around leaking roof areas and leaking plumbing, and spots having poor ventilation.

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Tiny piles of sawdust on window sills or at the base of walls can indicate the presence of carpenter ants inside a structure.Nests inside walls can be located by taping the wall and listening for a hollow sound.A stethoscope placed next to a wall may pick up the sound of their presence.Inspections should be carried out late in the evening or early in the morning, when the ants are most active.

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Control Methods

Habitat AlterationRemove and replace infested wood.Renovate the structure to stop the intrusion of moisture.Caulk or screen possible entryways.Reduce moisture by increasing ventilation.Trim tree/shrub branches that touch the structure.Remove infested fire wood or trees.

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Pesticide ApplicationApply pesticide as a dust or aerosol directly to nests in wall voids or to outdoor colonies.Place acceptable bait stations for indirect treatment (not generally effective).Follow-upRepeat inspections are often required because infestation is typically not controlled in one visit.

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Occasional Structure Invaders

Garden ants that commonly invade a structure in search of food include the:Pavement Ant.Little Black Ant.Thief Ant.Pharaoh Ant

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Pavement Ant (Tetramorium caespitum)

Adults are approximately 3 mm long, with one (1) pair of spines and two (2) nodes on the thorax.The abdomen is dark and shiny, with a dull red–brown head and thorax.

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Their nest can be found outdoors, often under rocks or at the pavement edge.Nests can also be found indoors, between the foundation and the sill plate.They tend honeydew-producing insects, and feed on other insects and seeds.They are best controlled by using sweet, protein- based baits.

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Little Black Ant (Monomorium minimum)

Adults are no larger than 2 mm long, and do not have spines on the thorax.Two (2) nodes are located on the thorax.The entire body is black.

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Little black ants normally nest outdoors, and tend honeydew-producing insects.Sweet baits are the most effective method of control.

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Little Thief Ant (Solenopsis molesta)

Adults are less than 2 mm long, and do not have spines on the thorax.Two (2) nodes are located on the thorax.The entire body is shiny, and yellow or slightly darker in colour.

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Little thief ant nests can be located both inside and outside a structure. Outdoors, they tend honeydew-producing insects.

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Control

ChemicalSweet baits can help to eliminate colonies found indoors.Habitat Alteration Remove stones that shelter colonies.Remove moist garbage.Caulk observed entry points.Wipe down trails with soapy water.

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Pharaoh Ant (Monomorium pharaonis)

Adults are less than 2 mm long, and do not have spines on the thorax.Two (2) nodes are located on the thorax.The head and thorax are a dull yellow-to-orange colour. The abdomen is shiny and darker.

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Pharaoh Ant (Monomorium pharaonis)

Prefer warm areas in buildings.Can be active year round in heated buildings.Feed on a variety of material including sweets, grease, fatty foods, and other insects.Nesting sites include wall voids, cracks in woodwork, stacks of paper, and desk drawers.Colonies have multiple queens.Individuals move to new locations on infested objects.

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Pharaoh ants can be found where food or moisture is present.The best control results are obtained when the focus is on areas where there is poor sanitation and moisture.Pharaoh ants are easily baited. Use disposable cups filled with peanut butter to identify where ants are present.

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Habitat AlterationReduce the amount of stored supplies.Clean and rearrange food supplies to expose nests.Clean food areas and empty water containers at the end of each day.

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Pesticide ApplicationBaits will only be effective when they are combined with proper sanitation. Clean food areas before baiting.Boric acid powder or a growth regulator mixed with cake, mint jelly, or honey can be set out in small cups where monitoring traps indicate a problem.Sprays or dusts can be placed in cracks or crevices.

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Follow-up

To prevent re-infestation, establish a control program that includes:Working with the client to improve sanitation.Carrying out routine follow-up monitoring with bait cups.Inspecting other areas for signs that a colony has not just split and re-established in another location.Providing long-term control by altering the habitat.

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7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 8Bed Bug Pest Management

7/3/2009 2




Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand the life cycle of bed bugs.Identify bed bugs (appearance and habitat).Use different methods of control.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 4 Pg 4.1 3

IntroductionBed bugs are blood sucking parasites that have been with man throughout written history.Hosts include humans and animals (e.g., poultry, rodents, dogs, and cats).Bed bugs are one of the most disliked urban pests.Bed bugs are on the increase in the Atlantic region.

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Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius)

Life Cycle Bed bugs have a gradual metamorphosis (egg –nymph stages – adult).

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Egg:Females deposit eggs several times each day in protected places.Several hundred eggs are laid at one time.Hatching occurs after 1 to 2 weeks, under warm conditions.

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Egg Stage


Nymphs:Tiny and colourless at hatching.Feed on blood.Undergo five molts over a period of several weeks.Become brown in colour as they mature.

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Adults:Grow to 4–5 mm in length.Are red–brown in colour.Have a flattened, oval shape.Are considered wingless.

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Characteristics

Bed bugs are nocturnal, sleeping during the day and hunting at night for sleeping animals and birds.Adults have been reported to survive for a year without food.Under suitable conditions, bed bugs can mature from the nymph stage to the adult stage in 4 weeks.Their flat body allows them to hid in cracks and crevices, wall boards, and loose wall paper.

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Characteristics

Bed bugs feed by piercing the host’s tissue with slender thread-like stylets, and then sucking the blood.

Reaction to a bite varies, from no effect to a marked irritation and swelling.

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Feeding Adult

Bite Welts

Management

Steps for Managing Bed BugsInspectionControl

Habitat AlterationChemical Control

Follow up

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InspectionThe centre of a bed bug infestation is usually the bedroom. Inspect the following areas:Bed creases and seams.Bed frame.Curtain folds.Radiators.Any furniture in the bedroom.

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Inspection

Prime location for a bed bug is resting upside down on the underside of the box spring where the box rests on the bed frame or in a mattress crease.

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Inspection

Process for Inspection1. Wear gloves. 2. Strip back the covers and look

for small blood spots on the sheets or mattress.

3. Check every seam.

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Inspection

Process for Inspection4. Stand the mattress up, remove

the box spring, and flip it over.5. Shine a flashlight through the

gauze fabric on the bottom of the box spring.

6. If required, remove the stapled fabric to inspect inside.

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Control

Habitat Alteration Principal control should come from excluding animals that can carry bed bugs (e.g., rodents, birds). This can be done by:Caulking and screening routes of entry.Protecting stored mattresses to prevent mice from nesting.Moving wood piles and eliminating garbage from around the structure.

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Habitat Alteration:Mattress and box spring covers are now available for protecting against bed bugs.Trapped bed bugs cannot penetrate these covers and eventually they die.

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Control

Chemical ControlThere is no tolerable number of bed bugs in an occupied structure.Treatment should only be undertaken when there is evidence of infestation.Apply the pesticide directly to affected areas, never use fogs or space treatments as these are not effective.

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Chemical Control

Several registered pesticides are available for treatment of cracks and crevices.Ensure treated areas (mattresses, bedding) are dry and covered before applying any pesticide.Keep a record of the pesticide used, locations treated, and application method.

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Follow-up

If infestation reoccurs, evaluate to determine if the areas were missed from treatment, or if the structure has been re-infested.Revise the management plan, if required.Educate clients to control points of access for animals and to look for signs of infestation.Reassure clients that bed bugs do not transmit diseases.

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7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 9Earwig Pest Management

7/3/2009 2




Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:

Understand the life cycle of an earwig.Identify earwigs (appearance and habitat).Use different methods to control earwigs.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 10 Pg 10.5 3

Introduction

Earwigs:Are easily identified by most home owners.Have flattened bodies, with large forceps or pinchers at the tail end.Appear wingless, but actually have folded wings.Emit a foul odour when crushed.

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Feed on other insects, garbage, and moist plant material. (Earwigs are a common greenhouse pest.)Are nocturnal, and rest during the day in sheltered areas.Earwigs sometimes feed on plants, but the injury they cause is usually minor when compared to the benefit they provide by helping to reduce harmful pest populations.Control may not be necessary.

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Life Cycle

Earwigs have a gradual metamorphosis (egg – nymph stages – adult).

Eggs:Females guard the 30 or more eggs that are laid in a moist depression.

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Nymph StageEarly stages are taken care of by the adult female.Late instar stages are darker in colour and forage on their own.Adults and late instar stages are often found together.

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European Earwig (Forficula auricularia)

Description Adult is dark brown and almost 2 mm in length.Female is larger than the male.Male has sharply curved forceps.

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European Earwig (Forficula auricularia)

CharacteristicsRequire a high moisture environment.Are commonly found beneath stones or boards.Enter at the ground level, and then move throughout a structure.Females hibernate in winter.

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Striped Earwig (Labidura riparia)

DescriptionMature adult is about 2 mm in length.Adult is brown or tan in colour, with pale stripes on the thorax.Abdomen is darker and slightly banded.

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Management

Steps for Managing EarwigsInspectionControl

Habitat AlterationChemical Control

Follow up

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Inspection

Inspect the following areas for earwigs:Under bark, boards, and stones near the structure.In cracks around the foundation and door stoops.Behind bird houses and under plant mulch.

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Control

Earwigs sometimes feed on plants, but the injury they cause is usually minor when compared to the benefit they provide by helping to reduce harmful pest populations.


Control

Habitat AlterationCaulk ground floor entry sites (windows, cracks in door frames).Ventilate and dehumidify basements and porches.

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Habitat AlterationRemove material that can harbour adult earwigs.Move hedges and plants away from foundations.

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Chemical Control

Apply a residual liquid or granular pesticide where population numbers are high.Treat cracks next to the foundation and under shrubbery.Directly apply a detergent or pesticide soap for rapid control.

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Granular Application

Follow-up

To prevent re-infestation, work with your client to:Improve ventilation in damp areas.Repair leaky faucets.Remove suitable habitat.Repair and chalk points of entry.Report future sightings.


7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 10Rodent Pest Management

(Rats)

7/3/2009 2



This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial, or federal laws or by-laws, regulations, or legislation.

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand rodent behaviour and biology.Identify the difference between mice and rats.Use different methods to control rodents.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.1 3

Introduction

This module provides information on the Norway rat and the roof rat, including:Habits and characteristics.Methods for inspecting a site and determining population numbers.Health hazards.Control and management.

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Characteristics

Norway RatRattus norvegicus

Also called Brown ratHouse ratSewer ratWharf rat

Roof RatRattus rattus

Also called:Black ratShip ratAlexandrine rat

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Visual Comparison

Norway rat:Body is sturdier and 2% longer than that of a roof rat.Weighs twice as much as a roof rat.Tail is shorter than the length of the head and body combined.

Ears are small and covered with short hairs.Blunt snout.

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Visual Comparison

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Norway Roof

General Life History

Life span is about one year.Mature females give birth to about 20 young per year.Young are born in a nest.Average size of a brood is typically 4 to 6. Young are sexually mature at 3 months.

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Social Behaviour

Rats are very social.They live in colonies with well defined territories.Colonies have a complex social hierarchy.Females are very protective of their young.The young learn from the female.

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Rat Senses

Rats have very poor eye sight, are nearly colour blind, and are adapted best to low light conditions.They react to shapes and movement, and do not readily identify objects.

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Rat Senses

Rats have excellent smell and a keen sense of hearing.They depend on their long whiskers and guard hairs to guide them.They have an excellent sense of balance.

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Range

In general, rats:Forage just after dark.Gather food between dusk and midnight.Can travel 30–45 m from their nest area to search for food or water.

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Food and Water

Norway Rats:Prefer protein-based foods such as meat, insects, pet food, nuts, and grains. Household garbage is ideal. Water is required daily.Roof Rats:Prefer plant material such as fruit, seeds, berries, and vegetables. Water is required daily.

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Nests

Norway RatsOutdoors, they build shallow burrows with a central nest (typically) and several escape exits.

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Nests

Norway Rats:Indoors, nests can be found inside walls, between floors and ceilings, under equipment, between pallets, and in crawl spaces.Preference is for the lower floors of buildings.They also nest in sewer and storm drains.

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NestsRoof Rats:Outdoors, they build nests in trees, piles of wood or debris, and stacks of lumber.Indoors, they prefer nesting in upper floors, attics, and ceiling voids near the roof line.They also nest in sewer drains.

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Roof rats found nesting in an attic.

Inspection

Points of Entry for Roof and Norway Rats

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An inspection of a structure can identify:If an area is infested.Where rats are feeding and nesting.Patterns of movement.Size of the population.Information from an inspection will assist in determining if control is needed, and where and when to undertake it.

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Inspection

When carrying out an inspection:Do it after dark with the aid of a flashlight.Listen for sounds of clawing or gnawing.Look for droppings, urine, and odour.Look for grease marks, runways, and tracks.Look for damage from gnawing.

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Droppings, Urine, and OdourDroppingsA single rat can produce 50 droppings per day.Droppings of roof rats are usually smaller than those of Norway rats.The highest number of droppings is found near feeding or nesting areas.

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Rat droppings in an attic.

DroppingsRemove old droppings and then re-inspect after control measures have been taken (to see if a re-infestation has occurred).Fresh droppings are black and appear moist.After about a week, droppings become grey, dusty, and crumble easily.

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Droppings, Urine, and Odour

UrineLook for both wet and dry urine stains.Stains will glow blue–white under an ultraviolet light (blacklight).OdourThere is a distinct odour in heavy infestations.

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Insulation stained with rat urine.

Grease marksOil from a rat’s body will leave grease marks along frequent runways.Look along walls/floor junctions, and on pipes, ceiling joists, and openings for grease marks.

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Runways and Tracks

Rats constantly travel along the same path.To detect activity, apply a light tracking dust (unscented talc). Never use flour.InsideLook for trails free of dust.OutsideLook for foot prints (show 4 or 5 toes) and tail drag marks in moist soil.

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Signs of Gnawing

The incisor teeth of a rat will continue to grow throughout its life. They keep them worn down by gnawing on hard surfaces.Look for damage to wood, plastic, pipes, and wiring.

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Bubonic Plague (Black Death)A flea ingests the plague bacillus by biting an infected rat.The bacillus multiplies in the host flea's body.Ingested bacilli are regurgitated into the next fleabite victim (possibly a human).No major outbreaks since the 1920’s.

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Murine TyphusTransmitted from rats to humans by a rat flea.Mild disease.

Rat-bite FeverBacteria on a rat’s teeth and gums are transmitted to a human when bitten by the rat.Infants are at higher risk, and the fever can be fatal.

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Salmonells PoisoningPoisoning can occur when Salmonella bacteria in rat feces come in contact with food or food preparation items.LeptospirosisSpread when organisms in rat urine contact water or food, then enter the human body through a cut.Seldom fatal to humans.

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TrichinosisTransmitted to pigs when they eat food contaminated with nematode infested rat feces.Humans can get this disease if they eat raw or undercooked pork infected with the nematodes.RabiesRats have never been found to be infected with rabies.

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Estimating Population Numbers

Rat signs can serve as a rough estimate.1. No signs. - Rat free or low numbers. 2. Signs of old droppings and gnawing, and one or

more rats seen at night; none seen during the day. - Medium infestation.

3. Signs of fresh droppings and gnawing, or three or more rats seen at night or during the day. - High infestation.

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Successful control programs usually involve using a combination of tools and procedures, including:SanitationRat proofingTrapsRodenticides

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Sanitation

Food SourcesRats often ignore baits when other food is available. Regular sources of food can be reduced by:Cleaning or repairing dumpsters. A tight lid on a dumpster will prevent rats from entering.

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Poorly managed dumpster.

Well managed dumpsters.

Regular sources of food for rats can also be reduced by:Putting waste food in tightly sealed containers.

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Good source of food for rats.

Sanitation

Reduce sources of food by:Cleaning up food spills.Controlling food left out overnight.Removing spilled bird and pet food.Storing product on pallets.

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Poor Sanitation

Eliminating Hiding Places

Outdoor hiding places can be eliminated by:Removing ground plant cover.Removing wood piles and construction materials.

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Eliminating Hiding Places

Indoor hiding places can be eliminated by:Removing clutter in rarely used rooms, basements, attics, and utility rooms.

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Rat Proofing (Exclusion)

The most successful method of prevention is to keep rats out of a structure. Once an infestation has been controlled, take whatever action is necessary to prevent rats from re-entering the structure.Exclusion needs to be addressed on the exteriorand the interior of the structure.

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Exterior

There are several ways to prevent rats from entering a structure, including:Seal cracks and holes in the foundation.Block opening around pipes.Screen vents.

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Caulk and seal any exterior openings.Repair damaged soffits.Prevent roof rats from climbing trees adjacent to structures.Repair broken foundations.

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Interior

There are several ways to prevent rats from moving within a structure, including:Seal spaces in hollow wall voids.Repair and block holes where pipes and wires go through walls.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.8 41

Interior

Stuff copper wool into gnaw holes.

Equip floor drains with sturdy metal grates.

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Stuffing copper wool into gnaw hole.

Floor drain covers

Snap TrapAdvantages:They are a very efficient method of control.They work well when the use of a rodenticide may pose too much risk.They work well when pest infestation levels are low.They allow for easy disposal of the carcass.

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General guidelines for using snap traps:Leave traps unset for a few days to increase the chance of catching wary rats.Bait traps if food supply for rats is scarce; do not use bait if food is plentiful.Bait traps for Norway rats with peanut butter, wiener slices, bacon, or another meat.Bait traps for roof rats with dried fruit and nuts or fresh fruit.

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General guidelines for using snap traps:

Tie the bait to traps using dental floss, if the bait could be easily removed by a rat.Sprinkle oatmeal around the traps.Inspect the traps frequently to replace old bait and to remove dead rodents.Position non-baited traps along runway routes.

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Positioning of Traps

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.8 46

Traps secured along routes traveled by roof rats.


7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.8 47

Proper positioning along a wall


Use a sufficient number of traps (e.g., a dozen for a house, hundreds for a warehouse).Place five to six traps in a row where rats can leap over traps.Set traps 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 feet) apart along runways.

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Steps for Setting Snap Traps

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.8 49

Set trap Snap and secure lid

Steps for Setting Snap Traps

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Position next to a wall Inspect often

To trap “hard to catch” rats:Camouflage traps by setting them in a shallow pan of meal or grain.Move objects to create a narrow runway leading to the traps.

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Glue BoardsGlue boards are coated with a sticky material to which rodents will stick.Large glue boards can trap rats, but more often these are used for mice.Some customers may feel that the use of glue boards is inhumane.

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Positioning of Glue Boards

Glue boards should be:Used together with snap traps.Placed lengthwise and flush along walls and runways.Placed along beams, ledges, and overhead pipes

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Glue boards should:Not be placed over food or food preparation areas.Not be placed where pets or children can come in contact with them.Be checked often and trapped rodents disposed of humanly.

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Rodenticides

Rodenticides are designed to kill rodents. There are three major formulations:Food baits.Water baits.Tracking powders.

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Food Baits

Poison is combined with a food attractive to rats.Most come pre-mixed and packaged as a pellet, in a dry meal form, or molded paraffin blocks.

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Food Baits

Baits can cause a rat to bleed to death (they act as anticoagulants) or affect respiration.Use water-resistant formulations for damp sites.

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Food Bait

Bait packs should be placed in burrows, wall voids, and similar protected locations.Use enough bait and check the sites often.Bait placed outdoors can kill rats that are moving into buildings from nearby areas.Using bait treatments AND limiting the rats’normal food supply will improve control.

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All baits can be hazardous and carry a warning statement on the label. For example:“Place the bait in locations not accessible to children, pets, wildlife, and domestic animals, or in tamper-proof bait boxes.”

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Secure locations

Bait Boxes

Tamper-proof bait boxes:Are designed to prevent children or pets from coming into contact with the bait.Can be made of metal or heavy plastic.Should be clearly labeled with precautionary statements.

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Bait boxes should be:Checked at regular intervals to ensure that the bait is still present and fresh. Placed where rats are most active (e.g., near droppings, next to burrows, along walls, and along well traveled sites).Secured to the floor or wall.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.10 61

Water Baits

Water baits: Are specially formulated rodenticides that are mixed with water.Can be effective when a rat’s water supply is limited.Should only be used where other animals or children will not have access.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.10 62

Tracking Powder

Tracking powder:Is a rodenticide mixed with talc or powdery clay.Is applied to areas where rats live and travel.Sticks to the feet and fur.Is swallowed when rats groom themselves by licking their fur.Is effective when food and water are plentiful.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.11 63

ApplicationTracking powder should be applied in wall voids, around rub marks, along pipe and conduit runs, and in burrows.Apply using a hand bulb, bellows duster, or salt and pepper shaker.Powders should not be used in suspended ceilings or around food or ventilation ducts.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.11 64

7/3/2009 1


Course

Training Module 11Rodent Pest Management

(Mice)

7/3/2009 2



This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial, or federal laws or by-laws, regulations, or legislation.

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:

Understand the biology and behaviour of mice.Use different methods to control mice.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.1 3

Introduction

This module provides information on the house mouse, including:Economic losses caused by mice.Mouse habits and characteristics.Methods for inspecting a site and determining mouse population numbers.Mouse control and management.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.11 4

Characteristics

House mouse (Mus musculus)Is a small, agile rodent.Is light brown to dark grey in colour, with a lighter shaded belly.Has moderately large ears.

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Characteristics

Has a nearly hairless tail, about the same length as the body and head combined.Has small feet.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.12 6

Characteristics

Adapts easily to life with humans.Thrives in a wide range of climates.Reproduces at a high rate.Feeds on most human foods.Is found in association with human habitation, and in the wild, throughout Canada.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.11 7

Impact

The house mouse:Has the potential to transmit disease and parasites to humans and pets.Can have an economic impact by consuming and contaminating stored food.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.11 8

Contamination Damage

Contamination results from droppings (feces) or mouse hairs in prepared food.In 6 months one pair of mice will deposit about 18,000 droppings.The greatest economic loss results from throwing out food that is, or could be, contaminated.This loss is 10 times greater than the loss resulting from actual food consumption by mice.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.12 9

Property Damage

Mice can also destroy stored clothing and books, gnaw on electrical wires and plastic items, and damage insulation in the process of nest building.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.12 10

General Life HistoryA mature female mouse gives birth to about 50 young per year.The young are born in a nest.New-born mice are nearly hairless.The young eat solid food and venture away from the nest when they are about 3 weeks old.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.12 11

Social Behaviour

House mice are primarily active at night.Their home range will be small if food and water are plentiful.Their territory is seldom more than 10 metresfrom their nest.They tend to travel over their territory daily to investigate for food or new objects.They are not afraid of new objects.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.12 12

Mouse Senses

Mice have very poor vision and are colourblind.They depend heavily on smell, taste, hearing, and touch.They use their long whiskers and guard hairs to travel in the dark.

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Curiosity

House mice quickly detect and investigate any new object in their territory.This curiosity often results in effective control programs, since:

They will enter bait stations to sample a new food.They will investigate traps and glue boards.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.13 14

Physical Attributes

To effectively plan a control program it is important to understand that mice:Are excellent jumpers and swimmers.Can run up almost vertical, rough surfaces and along narrow ledges.Have excellent balance and can run along electrical wires.Can travel even while hanging upside down.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.13 15

Nests

The house mouse:Will nest in any dark, sheltered location.Builds the nest of fibrous or shredded materials (e.g., paper, cloth, insulation).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.13 16

Mouse Control Program

Steps for conducting a mouse control program include:InspectionEstimating population numbers.Control and management.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.13 17

Inspection

When conducting an inspection, you will need to use all your senses, including:Sound.Smell.Sight.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.14 18

Sound:Listen for squeaks, scurrying, and sounds of gnawing.These sounds will be most common at night.Smell:Mouse odour has a characteristic musky smell and can be easily distinguished from rat odour.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.14 19

Sight:

Droppings:Mice produce about 70 droppings per day. Fresh droppings are usually soft.Look for droppings along runways and near food.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.14 20

Sight:

Grease Marks:Oil and grease from body fur will leave marks along frequent runways.Look for grease marks along pipes, ceiling joists, and beams.RunwaysLook for packed down areas or trails free of dust.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.14 21

Sight:Gnawing Damage:Incisor teeth continue to grow, and mice keep them worn down by gnawing on hard surfaces.Look for gnaw marks beneath doors, and for small wood chips around baseboards, basement windows, and in kitchen cabinets.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.15 22

Look for damage to wood, plastic, and electrical wiring.New gnaw marks will leave wood a light colour.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.15 23

Visual Inspection

Visual SightingMice may be sighted during the daylight.Use a powerful flashlight to spot mice in food processing plants and warehouses at night.

Nesting SitesCheck for nesting sites in garages, attics, basements, closets, and other storage areas.Look for fine shredded paper or other materials.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.15 24

Estimating Population Numbers

It is impossible to assess the number of mice in an area by observing food consumption or visual sightings alone. Additional ‘clues’ can help. Look for droppings, urine stains, and damage.Put down a non-toxic talc to show mouse tracks.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.15 25


The most effective long-term control is prevention, which includes: Mouse-proofing or exclusion.Sanitation.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 26

Mouse-proofing

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 27

Mice can enter a structure through holes in masonry and around dryer vents. They can move within a structure by gnawing their own openings.

Mouse-proofing can be difficult as mice can squeeze through very small openings (as little as 6 mm (¼ inch). Mouse-proof a structure by:Plugging holes in a foundation with steel wool or copper mesh.Caulking around doors and windows.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 28

Seal holes to limit movement throughout a structure.

7/3/2009 29

Wall opening After repair

SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.16

Sanitation

Good sanitation: Makes it easier to detect signs of mouse infestation. Increases the effectiveness of bait stations and baited traps.Involves storing food in mouse proof containers.Involves storing food away from walls and off the floor.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.16 30

Sanitation in Warehouses

Recommend to the management of food processing or food storage facilities to paint a 30–45 cm (12–18 in) yellow band next to the wall around the inside perimeter and to keep containers off the band.This will allow for easier inspection and detection of mouse droppings.Also, it will allow space for the placement of glue boards and traps.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 31

Control

Mice can be controlled by using: Traps.Glue boards.Rodenticides.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 32

Trap Types

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 33

Single exposed snap trap.

Single enclosed snap trap.

Multi-catch or “wind-up” enclosed trap.

Traps

Single baited snap traps are very effective, but they must be located and positioned correctly. Consider the following when positioning traps:A mouse’s territory seldom extends beyond 9 m (30 ft) and is commonly 3 m (10 ft). Therefore, it is best to place traps in a 3-m radius from signs of mouse activity.Select sites with a large number of droppings.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 34

Use enough traps to saturate an area.Select sites along walls, behind objects, in dark corners, and where runways are narrow.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 35

Trap Placement(Top photo) Improper placement of snap traps.(Middle photo) Proper placement of double traps and use of a structure to guide mice into traps. (Bottom photo) Proper placement of traps against a wall.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.17 36

Multi-catch Traps (Wind-up)

Traps have a wind-up mechanism or a treadle door that moves mice into the trap.These traps can hold up to 15 live mice. Mice have to be humanely killed.These traps need to be monitored on a daily basis.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 37

Multi-catch Traps (Wind-up)

Mice are curious and enter the trap entrance hole. Placement of a dab of peanut butter inside the entrance or the use of a smelly “mousy” trap improves the catch.Some traps have a clear plastic top or end for easy inspection.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 38

Entrance hole.Clear top.

Multi-catch traps should be:Placed directly against a wall with the opening parallel to the runway, or about 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) from the wall with the opening toward the wall.Placed every 2–3 m (6–10 ft) if mice are active.Placed in high risk areas and potential mouse entry points (e.g., loading docks, doorways, utility entrances).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 39

Glue Boards

Sticky material on the board will trap and hold mice.Live trapped mice need to be humanely killed before disposal.Glue boards will also trap insects, and boards will need to be changed when they loose their stickiness.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 40

Glue Boards

Glue boards are very effective if they are located properly. They give the best results when:

They are placed flush with the wall or a solid object.They are located at the end of a runway (you can create a runway by properly placing objects).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 41

Glue boards will give the best results if they are:Placed 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) apart in infested areas.Baited with a small amount of peanut butter.

Never place glue boards above food products or in food preparation areas.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 42

Rodenticides

Rodenticides are designed to kill rodents. There are three major formulations:Food baits.Liquid baits.Tracking powders.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.18 43

Food BaitsPoison is combined with a food attractive to mice.Most come pre-mixed and packaged as a pellet, in a dry meal form, or molded paraffin blocks.Baits can cause a rat to bleed to death (they act as anticoagulants) or affect respiration.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 44

Food Bait

Bait packs should be placed in wall voids and similar protected locations.Use water-resistant formulations for damp sites.Use enough bait and check the sites often.Bait stations placed outdoors can kill mice that are moving into buildings from nearby areas.Using bait treatments AND limiting the normal food supply will improve control.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 45

All baits can be hazardous and carry a warning statement on the label. For example:“Place the bait in locations not accessible to children, pets, wildlife, and domestic animals, or in tamper-proof bait boxes.”

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 46

Secure locations

Bait Boxes

Tamper-proof bait boxes:Are designed to prevent children or pets from coming into contact with the bait.Can be made of metal or heavy plastic.Should be clearly labeled with precautionary statements.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 47

Bait boxes should be:Checked at regular intervals to ensure that the bait is still present and fresh. Placed where mice are most active (e.g., near droppings, along walls, and along well traveled sites).Secured to the floor or wall.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 48

Liquid Baits

Mice get most of their needed water from their food, but they also drink some water. Liquid baits: Can be effective at sites with a limited water supply.Should only be used where other animals or children will not have access to them.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 49

Tracking Powder

Tracking powder:Is a rodenticide mixed with talc or powdery clay.Is especially effective for mouse control.Is applied to areas where mice live and travel.Is swallowed when mice groom themselves by licking their fur.Is effective at sites when food and water are plentiful.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 50

Application

Tracking powder should be applied inside infested wall voids, around rub marks, along pipe and conduit runs, and in burrows.Apply a 20 mm (1/16- in) depth using a hand bulb or bellows duster.

Powders should not be used in suspended ceilings or around food or ventilation ducts.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 17 Pg 17.19 51

03/07/2009 1


Training Module 12, Part 1Application Technology

03/07/2009 2




03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.1 3

Application Technology

Choosing proper pesticide application equipment, and understanding how to use and maintain it safely, is necessary for effective pest management AND protection of the environment.


When selecting application equipment, choose a type that will: Apply the proper amount of pesticide to the target.Provide the maximum pest control.Minimize off-target movement.Be best suited for the size and location of the treatment site.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.1 4

Leaning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Identify and understand the operation of various types of pesticide application equipment.Select the best type of application equipment for the job.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.1 5

Application Equipment

Is the key component in transferring an active ingredient to the target pest(s).

03/07/2009 Core Ch 8 Pg 170 6

Application Equipment

To be effective the equipment must be:Appropriate for the job.Set up and calibrated properly.Used according to manufacturer specifications.Maintained properly.Designed to minimize applicator and bystander exposure.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 8 Pg 170 7

Application Techniques

Pesticide application techniques used in structural pest control include:Broadcast Application.Spot Application.Crack and Crevice Application.Space Treatment.Bait Application.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 8

Broadcast Application: Refers to the application of a pesticide to broad expanses of surfaces (e.g., walls, ceilings, floors, and foundations) where pests may be found. Spot Application: Refers to a limited application to a localized or specific surface. In general, the area treated is less that 10% of the total area.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 9

Crack and Crevice Application:Refers to the application of a small amount of pesticide directly into cracks and crevices where insects or rodents hide. Space Treatment:Refers to the application of a non-residual contact insecticide (as a suspension of fine droplets in air) within an enclosed space.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 10

Bait Application:Refers to the placement of an insecticide, rodenticide, or avicide bait in a crevice, void, bait box, or protected area where the pest is found.Baits are available as a solid, gel, or liquid.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 11

Application equipment

Application equipment used by structural applicators includes:Sprayers.Dusters.Ultra Low Dose (ULD) Applicators.Foggers.Crack and Crevice Injectors.Baiters.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 12

Sprayers

SprayersAre used to apply a water or oil based liquid insecticide under pressure.Are used for broadcast, spot, and crack and crevice treatments.Examples: hand-operated compressed air sprayers, hydraulic power sprayers, or ready- to-use (RTU) pressurized aerosol containers.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 13

Sprayer Types

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 14

Hand- operated sprayer..

Hydraulic power sprayer.

RTU aerosol can.

Hand-operated Sprayer

Hand-operated compressed air sprayer:Is the most widely used type of application equipment.Has a good tank capacity, operating pressure, and spray pattern.Can be used for broadcast, spot, or crack and crevice treatments.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 15

Components of A Hand-held Compressed Air Sprayer

Four maincomponents:

Tank.Pump.Wand.Nozzle.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.5 16

Components

The tank:Is usually constructed of stainless steel (some pesticides will react with iron).Is calibrated and typically has a 2, 4, 8, or 12-litre capacity.Should be thoroughly rinsed and cleaned between uses.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 17

Components

The pump unit:Consists of a pump-cylinder, plunger rod and cup, and a pump handle.Assembly is moved by hand to create a pressure inside the tank that forces the spray mixture through the wand and out the nozzle.Normal pressure for applying a pesticide inside a structure is 140 k Pa (20 psi).

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 18

Components

The wand:Consists of a trigger and a flexible hose. Delivers the spray mixture from the tank to the nozzle.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 19

Nozzle

The nozzle is a key component of the sprayer system because it:Metres the amount of pesticide delivered.Breaks (atomizes) liquid pesticide into droplets.Spreads pesticide droplets in a given pattern.

03/07/2009 Core 20

Each sprayer nozzle is designed to do a specific job with a particular type of pesticide formulation.The liquid pesticide is forced through the hose and out a small opening in the nozzle, thereby forming droplets.Droplet sizes range from:

Fine Spray: from 110 to 400 um (microns).Course Spray: 400 + um

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.2 21

Basic Sprayer Components

03/07/2009 Core 22

Nozzles Parts

03/07/2009 Core 23

Worn Nozzle Tips

As a nozzle tip wears, the opening changes. This alters the application rate.Worn nozzles can:Produce a poor spray pattern.Waste chemicals and money.Result in poor pest control.Produce higher pesticide application rates.

Protecting Human Health

To minimize hazards to human health and the environment ,when cleaning pesticide application equipment:Never blow out nozzle tips using your mouth. Never use a piece of wire, nail, or metal object to clean nozzle tips. These can damage the opening, distort the spray pattern, and increase nozzle output.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 8 Pg 175 24

Use a toothbrush or soft material to clean nozzle tips.Wear protective clothing and equipment (PPE) when cleaning sprayers and measuring containers.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 8 Pg 175 25

Wash your hands and PPE after handling application equipment.Follow label directions or contact your provincial regulatory authority for direction for the disposal of surplus or unwanted pesticides.

03/07/2009 Core Ch 8 Pg 175 26

Hydraulic Sprayers

Hydraulic sprayers:Are normally driven by a gasoline or electric motor.Are used to apply large volumes of spray mix around a perimeter or to the exterior of a structure.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 27

Sprayers

Advantages:Offer good control over the placement of a pesticide.Can be used to apply a pesticide to a variety of surfaces.Require a minimum of site preparation.

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Sprayers

Disadvantages:Require the applicator to handle concentrated pesticide when mixing and loading product.Can produce spray drift if pressures exceed 140 kPa or when used outside in windy conditions.Mixed pesticide should be used within 24 hours for maximum effectiveness.Some pesticides leave an unpleasant odour.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 29

RTU Pressurized Containers

RTU (Ready-to-Use) pressurized containers hold pesticide formulations that:Can be dispersed as tiny droplets into the air, before settling on surfaces.Can be dispersed as large (coarse) droplets directly to a surface.Require no mixing or sprayer clean-up.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 30

Dusters

Dusters are used to apply an insecticide or rodenticide as a dust. Different types of dusters can be used for various situations, depending on the type of pesticide applied and how precise the application must be.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 31

Dusters

Indoors, dusters are used to control cockroaches, silverfish, carpenter ants, and other insects that hide in cracks or in wall voids.Outdoors, dusters can be used to treat the perimeter of buildings to prevent ants, millipedes, ground beetles, crickets, and other insects from coming inside.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 32

Dusters

Types include:Hand-operated dusters

Bulb dusterBellows dusterPlunger duster

Mechanical powered dustersHand crank Electrical

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 33

Hand-operated Types

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 34

Bulb DusterBulb Duster

Bellows Duster

Plunger Duster

Hand-operated Dusters

Consist of a holding chamber and an extension tube that directs the dust to the target area.Dispense a small amount of dust when the bulb is squeezed or the plunger is pushed.Effective for applying dust in cracks and crevices, wall voids, or behind appliances.Plunger dusters are quite large and can often hold several pounds of pesticide.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 35

Mechanical Dusters

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 36

Hand Crank Duster

Electric Duster

Mechanical Dusters:Are an ideal tool for placing large volumes of insecticide dust in areas such as attics, crawl spaces, and other favorite hiding places of roaches, ants, silverfish, and carpenter ants.Pesticide discharged from electric dusters is electrostatically charged and will adherence to vertical and upside-down surfaces.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 37

Operating Tips

Operating tips:The duster’s chamber should not be completely filled with pesticide dust. Leave air space in the chamber so the dust doesn’t clump and so that it will blow evenly out of the duster.Make sure the dust is not exposed to moisture, as damp pesticide can clog the duster.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 38

Operating Tips

Shake the duster occasionally, or rotate the device, to create the desired air/dust mixtureKeep any metal ends out of electrical outlets.Plunger dusters are relatively large and can hold more dust than bulb or bellow dusters.Mechanical dusters release a lot of dust quickly, but with much less control.Visible residues are likely on exposed surfaces.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.6 39

Ultra Low Dose (ULD) Applicators

Apply a relatively small amount of concentrated pesticide in uniform-sized droplets.Droplets range from 1–30 microns in diameter.Are effective for space treatments, but fog will not penetrate into containers, cracks, or crevices.Are available as mechanical and thermal foggers.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 40

Mechanical Fog Generators

These are devices that mechanically generate droplets.They are sometimes referred to as cold foggers or cold aerosol generators.Droplets are produced by a spinning disc or by moving a high pressure liquid through a fine-tip nozzle.They are also available as pressurized containers filled with ready-to-use pesticide.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 41

Mechanical Foggers

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 42

ElectricPowered

Cold Fogger

Pressurized Aerosol Can

Mechanical Foggers

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 43

Air Assisted Spinning Disc Fogger

Thermal Foggers (or Hot Aerosol Generators)

Use a heat source to vapourize an oil-based insecticide into a fog.Use an electrical or internal combustion engine as the heat source.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 44

Types of Thermal Foggers

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 45

Motor exhaust as the heat source.

Electrical elements as the heat source.

Foggers

AdvantagesInsecticide can be applied to high areas within a structure.Use a low volume of pesticide.

DisadvantagesAccess must be controlled during application.Considerable site preparation is required.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.7 46

C r a c k a n d C r e v i c e I n j e c t o r s

Injectors place the pesticide into cracks and crevices.Pesticide can be injected as an aerosol, fog, liquid, or gel.Aerosol and fogged pesticide is used to penetrate into deep crevices.Care must be taken to ensure that no pesticide is deposited outside the opening.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 47

Crack and Crevice Injectors

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 48

Syringe Type Injector

Pressurized Aerosol

Hand- operated Sprayer

Baiters

Baiters:Are designed to deliver bait to pests.Are available for a variety of uses, including:

Insect control.Rodent control.Bird control.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 49

Insecticide Baits

Are available as gels or pastes for injection into cracks and crevices. Are applied with a spatula, from a squeeze tub, or as part of a pre-packaged bait station.

Bait stations should be placed where they will be inaccessible to children and pets.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 50

Rodenticide Baits

Often contain grain material as the attractant feed.Are available as ready-to-use formulations, including:

PelletsLoose meal.Seeds.Paraffin blocks.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 51

Rodenticide Forms

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 52

Pellets Paraffin BlocksLoose Meal

Throw or Place Packs

Are small bags containing a fixed amount of rodenticide bait.Do not require any preparation or handling of the pesticide.Can be left unopened for rodents to find.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 53

Packaging keeps the product fresh, intact, and safely contained until a rodent gnaws through the bag.The presence and number of unopened bags can be used to indicate rodent activity.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.8 54

Throw or Place Bags

Rodenticide Formulations

Concentrated formulation:Require handling to mix with food or water.

Paraffin block:Provide an attractive surface for gnawing.Are easy to handle and secure in a bait box.Require care in placement as these can be attractive to pets.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 55

Rodenticide Formulations

Pellet and meal formulation:Simulate a rodent’s natural food.Are easily scattered as a loose bait.Require care in placement as they can be easily accessed by non-target species (e.g., pets).

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 56

Bait Stations

These can be open or covered trays or tamper-resistant bait stations.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 57

Open Bait Tray Tamper-resistant Bait Station

Covered trays:Protect the bait from spillage and weather.Offer an attractive, enclosed feeding place.Are made of light plastic or cardboard and are easily opened or destroyed.Need to be carefully placed in inaccessible areas.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 58

Safety features of tamper-resistant bait stations include:Construction material is of high strength, moulded plastic or metal.Station can be secured to a site (e.g., nailed).Outer cover has a warning label (“Warning -Poison”).

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 59

Bait is secure and will not shake loose.Access panel can be fastened securely (e.g., lock requires a special key or metal screws).Entrance is designed so children and pets cannot access the bait.

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 60

Special locking key

Secure bait

Inset entrance

Bait Station Security Features

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 61

Securing Bait Station Lid

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 62

Snap and secure lid

7/3/2009 1


Training Module 12, Part 2Application Technology

Disclaimer

7/3/2009 2

This training module is intended to be used by qualified trainerThis training module is intended to be used by qualified trainers only for the s only for the purpose of instructing individuals who wish to improve their genpurpose of instructing individuals who wish to improve their general eral knowledge base on the safe handling and management of pesticidesknowledge base on the safe handling and management of pesticides or to or to assist agricultural pesticide applicators seeking firstassist agricultural pesticide applicators seeking first--time certification or time certification or rere--certification.certification.

Neither Atlantic Information Services nor its employees have madNeither Atlantic Information Services nor its employees have made or hereby e or hereby purport to make any representation, warranties, or covenants witpurport to make any representation, warranties, or covenants with respect to h respect to the information contained or the results generated by their use,the information contained or the results generated by their use, nor will they nor will they be liable for any damage, loss or claims, including those of an be liable for any damage, loss or claims, including those of an incidental or incidental or consequential nature arising out of the use of this training modconsequential nature arising out of the use of this training module or the ule or the information presented by the qualified trainer. information presented by the qualified trainer.

This training module is not in any way intended to nullify or deThis training module is not in any way intended to nullify or detract from any tract from any requirements contained in municipal, provincial or federal laws requirements contained in municipal, provincial or federal laws or byor by--laws, laws, regulations, or legislation.regulations, or legislation.


Understanding how to set up pesticide application equipment and calibrate it correctly is necessary for effective pest management AND the protection of human health.

Applicators also need to understand how to interpret information from a pesticide label to ensure correct product mixing and application rates.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 3

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Understand the terminology associated with pesticide application equipment.Calibrate application equipment used in structural pest control.Know how to use information from a pesticide label to calculate the correct amount of product required for an application.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 4

Sprayer Technology

Nozzle OutputIs the volume of spray produced (or output) by a nozzle per minute.

Spray Width (using a single nozzle sprayer)Is the width from the centre of one pass to the centre of the next pass.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 5

Sprayer Technology

Pesticide RateIs the amount of pesticide to be applied (as stated on the label) per unit area.Most labels include:

Dilution rate (e.g., Mix 50 ml of product for each 1 L of water).Instructions for treatment (e.g., Apply enough to cover surfaces and avoid runoff.)

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 6

Pesticide Rate (Pesticide Rate (concon’’tt) ) Some pesticide labels may give the amount of Some pesticide labels may give the amount of product to apply to a specific area (e.g., product to apply to a specific area (e.g., Apply Apply 10 ml of product for each 10 m10 ml of product for each 10 m22 area.area.))

Sprayer Application RateSprayer Application RateIs the amount of spray mix applied by the Is the amount of spray mix applied by the sprayer per unit of area ( e.g., 100 ml/10 msprayer per unit of area ( e.g., 100 ml/10 m22).).Is also referred to as the calibration rate.Is also referred to as the calibration rate.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 7

CarrierCarrierIs the liquid (e.g., water, oil) added to the Is the liquid (e.g., water, oil) added to the pesticide to form a spray mixture.pesticide to form a spray mixture.Permits the pesticide to be uniformly delivered Permits the pesticide to be uniformly delivered to the target site.to the target site.

DiluentDiluentDescribes the carrier used to dilute the Describes the carrier used to dilute the concentrated pesticide.concentrated pesticide.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 8

Sprayer Calibration

Calibrating application equipment will allow you to determine the amount of formulated product the equipment will deliver to the target area.The process of calibration should ensure that:

The sprayer is working correctly.The product is applied uniformly.The rate of application meets the label requirements.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 9

Sprayer Setup

Involves matching the equipment application rate to the recommended amount of formulated spray mixture to be applied per unit area (e.g., L/100m2). This will be provided on the secondary panel of the pesticide label.May require adjustments to the sprayer output if it doesn’t match directions on the label (e.g., may need to change the nozzle to deliver more or less product).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 10

The sprayer must be calibrated, and the application rate determined, before you can calculate the amount of product to be added to the spray tank.

Steps to Calibrate a SprayerCheck Sprayer Components.Determine the Application Rate.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.9 11

Check Sprayer Components

Checking the sprayer involves:Making sure sprayer components (e.g., hose, filter, pressure gauge, pump, nozzle, etc.) are in good working order.Replacing any damaged or defective components.Confirming that the nozzle is the correct type.Filling the tank with water and pressurizing to check for leaks and proper spray pattern.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 12

Determine Application Rate

1. Mark out a test area (e.g., 10 m X 10 m or 100 m2).

2. Partially fill the sprayer with water and record the water level in the tank (e.g., 3 L).

3. Pressurize the sprayer and begin to spray the test area, moving the wand at a normal speed.

4. Spray the entire 100 m2 and note the new level of water in the tank (e.g.,1 L).

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 13

5. Output of the sprayer is (3 L – 1 L = 2 L applied to 100 m2).

6. Sprayer is now calibrated to deliver 2 L/100 m2

7. Check how this compares with the required application rate provided on the product label.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 14

This example run shows that the sprayer will spread 2 L of formulated product over 100 m2.If the label recommends an application rate of between 1.5 L/100 m2 and 2.5 L/100 m2, then the sprayer is correctly calibrated for this product.However, had the calculations from the test showed a delivery of 1.0 L/100 m2, then this would be outside the label range, the unit would not be calibrated correctly, and changes would need to be made.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 15

Options to Correct Calibration

Increase pressure to force more product out of the equipment. This will generate a greater number of small particles and may result in spray drift.Move the wand slower to cover the area slower and thus apply more product. Application would take longer to conduct.Best option. Replace the nozzle with one that has a larger opening.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 16

Calibration of Liquid Application Equipment

Basic calibration involves:Setting up the sprayer.Measuring the application rate (L/100 m2).Correcting the application rate and volume, if needed.

Once calibration is complete, you can calculate the amount of pesticide concentrate to add to the spray tank.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.10 17

Calibration

Equipment should be calibrated :Before it is used for the first time.At the start of each pesticide application season.When the speed of the moving nozzle is changed.When sprayer output is changed.When sprayer components are changed (e.g., nozzles, hoses, pump).

7/3/2009 General 18

Calculations for Liquid Pesticides

How large an area will a spray tank treat if it held 4 L of pesticide mixture?

1. It was previously calibrated that it takes 2 L of mixture to treat 100 m2.

2. Therefore a 4 L tank would treat

4 L X 100 m2 = 200 m

2.

2 L03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.11 19

Calculations for Liquid Pesticides

How much pesticide should be added to a full (4 L) tank if the label rate is 50 ml of product per 100 m2?

1. Previous calculations show that a full (4 L) tank will treat 200 m2.

2. The label application rate is 50 ml per 100 m2

3. 200 m2 will require 50 ml X 200 m2 = 100 ml

100 m2

03/07/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.11 20

Calculations for Baits

Some rodenticides are purchased as concentrates and then mixed with untreated bait in the proportion specified on the label.To calculate the amount pesticide concentrate to add, multiply:Mass of required bait (kg) X Concentration of pesticide in the bait* (as specified on the label (e.g., 1.5L/kg))

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.12 21

Calculations for Space Treatment

The following information is needed to perform an accurate space treatment:The volume of the structure or room (m3).The recommended pesticide application rate (L/m3).The length of time required to complete the application.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 19 Pg 19.13 22

To calculate the volume of an area to be treated:Multiply the length X width X height of the structure or enclosure (m3).Add the volume of the roof peak if peak is open.

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To determine the quantity of pesticide (L) needed to treat a structure:

Volume of structure X label application rate

m3 X L/m3 = L

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Length of time (minutes) required to treat a structure with a fogger equals:

Calculated amount of product (L) Calibrated application rate (L/minute)

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Fogging

To conduct a proper fogging:Remove food, dishes, and toys.Cover all food preparation items, bedding, and clothing.Close all open windows.Post the area and control access.Minimize drift by holding the application wand or gun close to the target.

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Minimize vapours by using products having a low vapour release rate (low volatility).Provide adequate time before allowing re-entry.Provide good ventilation to maximize air exchange before allowing re-occupation.

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PEI Structural Pesticide Applicator Training

Course

Training Module 13 Safe Pesticide Use

7/3/2009 1

7/3/2009 2




Learning objectives

Completing this section will help you to:Work safely when handling pesticides, including ultra low dose, fog, and bait treatments.Minimize potential pesticide exposure to yourself and to bystanders.Safely select, purchase, handle/transport, store, mix, and apply a pesticide. Clean up safely after a pesticide application.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.1 3

Attitude and General Precautions

The use of a pesticide to control a structural pest(s) has the potential to cause harm to people, pets, beneficial organisms, and the environment. It is the responsibility of those handling pesticides to reduce this risk by working responsibly at all times.This can be accomplished through training, adopting a professional attitude, and following basic safety procedures at all times.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.1 4

General Safety Procedures

Structural applicators must practice general safety procedures to protect themselves, bystanders, and the environment. Applicators must understand proper:Ventilation.Posting and Notification.Preparation for a Pesticide Application.Re-entry.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.1 5

Ventilation

Applicators must understand how a building’s ventilation system works and how air moves in and out of the structure.Windows are often the main source of ventilation so they should be:

Closed during the application of a pesticide to prevent a cross draft and product drift.Open after application to ventilate vapoursfrom the building. 7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.1 6

For buildings that have a sealed ventilation system, it is the responsibility of the pesticide applicator to:Make sure building staff are available to shut off ventilation or exhaust fans to prevent a pesticide from moving throughout the system.Be aware of the potential hazard from fire or an explosion in open flame or non-grounded heating systems when applying ULD fog or dusts.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 7

Notification and Posting

When required, it is the responsibility of the applicator to notify residents who may be exposed to a pesticide. To do this:Follow provincial requirements for the notification of nearby property owners.Deliver a written notice to each building occupant.Post a written notice at all entrances to a structure prior to a treatment and until it is safe to re-enter the building.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 8

Ensure that occupants understand the need to keep themselves and pets away from the treatment area until cleared for re-entry.Ensure that occupants cover aquariums and plants, if necessary.Ensure that doors are locked and access to the area is posted.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 9

A posting or notice must include the following information:A ‘WARNING’ statementPesticide name and PCP number.Treatment date.Start time of the application and anticipated finish time.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 10

Re-entry information.Contact phone number for the applicator.Instructions for cleaning surfaces before re-use.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 11

Preparation for Application

Before starting a pesticide treatment the applicator must:Remove food, pet feed, toys, and other personal items (e.g., clothing, soaps, magazines).Follow the product label precautions for required PPE.Prepare the pesticide mix and needed application equipment in a safe location.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 12

Preparation for Application

Never mix pesticide in a sink, near a floor drain, or on carpet……where a spill cannot be easily contained and cleaned up.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 13

Re-entry

Re-entry time refers to the amount of time that people and pets must stay out of a treated area following a pesticide application. Exposure can occur through:Inhalation or ocular exposure to vapour, dust, or mist.Dermal exposure from touching residues on surfaces.Ingestion from eating contaminated food.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.2 14

Re-entry

Applicators must:Understand and follow pesticide label directions for re-entry (e.g., Unprotected persons should not re-enter the treatment area for 4 hours or until the product has dried).Be aware that re-entry directions can vary between pesticides.Contact the manufacturer if re-entry directions do not appear on the label.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 15

Adequately ventilate the treatment area when pesticide-release vapours are used. Ensure that all workers follow re-entry requirements or guidelines. Contact provincial authorities (Occupational Health and Safety Department) for greater detail.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 16

7/3/2009 CORE 17

Employee Safety

Employers are responsible for overseeing employee workplace health and safety, training employees to handle pesticides safely, providing information on the pesticides being handled (labels and MSDS’s), and providing suitable PPE.Employees can reduce risk by having a positive attitude, and by regularly reviewing and following pesticide labels and company safety procedures.

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General Precautions for the Safe Handling of a Pesticide

Read and follow all pesticide label information.Wear clean PPE when handling a pesticide.Wash after handling a pesticide container, applying a pesticide, and working on pesticide application equipment. Never eat, drink, or smoke while applying a pesticide.Remove contaminated clothing immediately.Shower, wash hair, and clean fingernails at the end of each day of pesticide use.

7/3/2009 CORE 19

Pesticide SelectionConsider the following factors when choosing the best pesticide for a given situation:The pest(s) to be controlled, pest resistance, and possible impacts on other organisms.Which pesticides are registered for the intended use.The pesticide(s) that is least toxic to human health and the environment.

Applicator safety or risk of exposure, and personal protective equipment needed. Bystander safety.Application equipment needed, and available.Environmental factors.Regulatory compliance.

7/3/2009 CORE 20

7/3/2009 CORE 21

Pesticide Safety

Practice safety any time you are working with a pesticide.Applicators regularly face a risk of exposure to pesticides. Their actions also determine the extent of risk to bystanders and the environment.Always work safely and follow good work practices when handling and managing a pesticide.

Pesticide Safety Issues

Keep up-to-date on safety issues.Always read and follow pesticide label directions. Follow provincial regulations for the safe transport, storage, use, and disposal of a pesticide.

7/3/2009 CORE 22

Purchase of a Pesticide

Read the product label to make sure a pesticide is correct for your needs, and the application equipment you have available or can access.Purchase only pesticide containers that have clear, readable labels.Do not accept broken bags, cartons, or leaking containers. Ask the vendor for a copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each pesticide purchased.

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7/3/2009 CORE 24

Minimize the need for product storage by purchasing only the amount of pesticide needed for immediate use.

Amount Needed

Label application rate X Size of the treatment area

Number of containers

Amount needed ÷

Amount (volume) in each container

7/3/2009 CORE 25

Transport of a Pesticide

The transportation of pesticides is subject to both federal and provincial legislation.

FederalTransportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Act

The TDG governs the movement of commercial and restricted class pesticides.Current regulations can be found at www.tc.gc.ca/tdg/clear/tofc.htm

Provincial

PEI Pesticides Control Act and regulationsCurrent regulations can be found at www.gov.pe.ca/go/pesticides

7/3/2009 CORE 26

Provincial Transportation Regulations

When transporting a concentrated pesticide the containers must be:Transported separate from food items, feed, household furnishings, bedding, clothing, or similar commodities.In a separate, enclosed, leak-proof compartment that is securely affixed to the transport vehicle, OR secured to the transport vehicle using appropriate tie-down straps.

7/3/2009 PEI Regulation 27 27

7/3/2009 Regulations 28

General Guidelines for the Safe Transport of a Pesticide

Containers must be labelled and sealed.Containers must be packed securely and upright to reduce the risk of upsets, leaks, or spills. Never transport a pesticide in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.

General Transport Safety

Carry a shovel, absorbent material, and safety equipment in case of a pesticide spill. Protect paper and cardboard containers from moisture. Never leave a pesticide in an unsupervised vehicle. Decontaminate the vehicle if pesticide contamination results from broken bags, cartons, or leaking containers.

7/3/2009 CORE 29

7/3/2009 CORE 30

Storage of a Pesticide

Store pesticides separate from food items and animal feed.Maintain the pesticide storage area in a clean and orderly manner.Ensure the storage area is well ventilated.


Ensure there are no floor drains in the storage area.Have approved safety equipment nearby and readily available. Store personal protective equipment outside of the storage area. Equip the building with the proper number and type(s) of fire extinguishers.

7/3/2009 CORE 31


Have absorbent material nearby to clean up a pesticide spill. Check regularly for leaking containers.Store only pesticides or related equipment.Control access and lock the facility when it is unattended.Post PESTICIDE STORAGE AREA signs on each point of entry.

7/3/2009 CORE 32


Maintain an up-to-date list of all stored pesticides and keep a copy at a location near, but away from, the pesticide storage area.Use older product first.

7/3/2009 CORE 33

Safe Handling of a Pesticide

The risk of exposure to a pesticide is greatest when mixing and loading concentrated product. People who handle a pesticide should use the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow proper safety measures. The pesticide label will provide precautionary symbols, warnings, and toxicological information and explain how to handle and use the product safely.

7/3/2009 CORE 34

Before Mixing or Loading

Read the pesticide label to:Make sure the pesticide is registered for the planned use. Confirm mixing directions, application rates, and limits to use.Check safety precautions. Review poisoning and first aid information.

7/3/2009 CORE 35

Before Mixing or Loading

Calculate and prepare only the amount of pesticide mixture required for the application. Make sure clean-up and first aid equipment is nearby and easy to access. Choose a mixing and loading site that minimizes your risk of exposure, and eliminates any risk of contaminating water and the environment.

7/3/2009 CORE 36

7/3/2009 CORE 37

Protection While Mixing and Loading a Pesticide

Wear the following protective clothing and safety equipment: CoverallsHead protectionChemical-resistant gloves and bootsFace shield or gogglesWaterproof apronRespirator, if required

Pesticide Mixing and Loading Site

A good pesticide mixing and loading site will be:Away from people and pets, and have controlled access.On a level site near the pesticide storage area.Away from drinking water wells and surface waters.Away from sinks or drains.

7/3/2009 CORE 38

Pesticide Mixing and Loading Site

Mix and measure pesticides on a strong, level bench or table covered with heavy-duty plastic or a material that will not absorb a pesticide. Do not use this bench or table for any other purpose. Keep a shovel, absorbent material, and safety equipment nearby in case of a product spill. Stop and clean up spilled or splashed pesticide at once.

7/3/2009 CORE 39

Pesticide Measuring Equipment

Use proper tools to open a pesticide container. Open bags using a sharp knife and clean the knife well after each use.Use scales, measuring cups, and premixing containers to measure product.

7/3/2009 CORE 40

Pesticide Measuring Equipment

Use measuring items only with pesticides.After use, wash these items with soap and water and store them in a locked area.Wash and store all PPE.

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Steps for Mixing and Loading a Pesticide

Follow proper procedures for the rinsing of empty pesticide containers (Explained later in this section).Follow proper procedures for removing, maintaining, and storing personal protective equipment (see Module 4, Part 2: Human Health).

7/3/2009 CORE 42

7/3/2009 General 43


Avoid exposure to a pesticide by properly removing contaminated gloves.

How to Minimize Water Contamination

Fill application equipment away from open bodies of water. Keep the filler hose above the water line in the tank. Use an anti-backflow device between the water source and the tank. Never leave the application equipment unattended while filling. Take all materials and equipment with you when you leave, and clean them properly.

7/3/2009 CORE 44

Safe Application of a Pesticide

To reduce risk when applying a pesticide:Follow the instructions for ventilation, posting and notification, preparation for application, and re-entry, as discussed earlier in the module. Keep a supply of clean water nearby while at the application site. Use this water to clean items (e.g., PPE) and to wash between job sites.Stay out of areas that have been recently treated with a pesticide.

7/3/2009 CORE 45

Avoid working alone when handling a pesticide under hazardous conditions (e.g., fogging). Keep pesticide application equipment clean and in good working order. Calibrate equipment for the type of application. Stop the application when moving over an area that does not require treatment. Start moving the wand before turning on the spray flow.

7/3/2009 CORE 46

If application equipment breaks down…STOP... shut off the equipment, put on proper PPE, and make needed repairs at once. Always wear gloves and goggles when changing or cleaning nozzles. Use a soft brush and clean water (or compressed air). A hard object can damage the nozzle.Never blow out a nozzle with your mouth.

7/3/2009 CORE 47

General Safety Procedures

Applicators must understand the safety procedures for:Application of ultra low dose (ULD) and fog treatments.Handling of rodent baits.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 48

Safety for ULD and Fogging

When carrying out a pest control treatment using ULD or fogging equipment, always:

Turn off exhaust fans and close doors and windows.Minimize exposure by starting the application at the furthest point from the exit.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 49

Wear a full face canister respirator if it is necessary to enter a cloud of pesticide fog.

7/3/2009 CORE 50

Full Face Canister Respirator

Control site access during the treatment and until the re-entry time has passed.Turn on exhaust fans or open doors and windows when finished with a treatment to ensure adequate ventilation before re-entry.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.3 51

Safety for Baiting

To safely handle and use baits: Place bait according to label directions and in areas that are inaccessible to humans and non-target animals.Place bait in a tamper-proof station and secure the station to the site whenever possible.Place stations where they can be easily retrieved after the treatment.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.4 52

Label bait stations with a warning sign (e.g., Rodent Bait Station Do Not Touch).Place bait stations so that food items or food containers will not be contaminated.Number the stations and record where they are located for easy retrieval.Visit stations frequently to make sure that the bait does not become stale and to remove dead animals.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.4 53

Safety for Hand Held Sprayers

Improper use of hand held sprayers can result in the exposure of an applicator to repeated sub-lethal doses of a pesticide.The primary concern is for dermal exposure (to the hands) as a result of not using gloves when handling the equipment.This concern increases significantly when using organophosphate pesticides.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.4 54

Risk to an applicator from hand held sprayers can be reduced by:Checking the equipment (e.g., trigger) for leaks.Wearing chemical-resistant gloves when handling equipment during pesticide application and cleanup.Checking your blood routinely to monitor cholinesterase levels.

7/3/2009 SPC Ch 20 Pg 20.4 55

Care of Pesticide Application Equipment

A pesticide mix should not be left in application equipment for extended periods of time because it could:Weaken hoses, gaskets, and plastic parts. Cause corrosion and mechanical problems.Be carried over to the next mixture. Allow suspensions to settle out.Reduce the effectiveness of the pesticide.

7/3/2009 CORE 56

Cleaning Pesticide Application Equipment

Application equipment should be emptied and cleaned:After each day of use.When changing pesticides.

Wear proper personal protective equipment whenever cleaning or working around pesticide application equipment.

7/3/2009 CORE 57

Cleaning Pesticide Application Equipment

Clean application equipment away from open bodies of water and wells. Fill the tank with clean water to dilute the spray residue. Flow this water through the sprayer.

Details on caring for application equipment are covered in Module 12: Application Technology.

7/3/2009 CORE 58

Discarding Old or Unwanted Pesticide

Avoid accumulating excess product by buying only the amount of pesticide needed for one season. Keep inventory records, and use older pesticide stock before buying new product. Dispose of concentrated pesticide according to the product label or provincial regulatory requirements. Return unopened containers of pesticide to your vendor.

7/3/2009 CORE 59

7/3/2009 CORE 60

Cleaning and Disposal of Pesticide Containers

Contaminated, empty pesticide containers can be a point source of pollution.

To decontaminate containers:Completely drain the contents of the container into the spray tank. Shake out bags into the tank or hopper.

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Triple rinse (or pressure rinse) containers. Gently rinse bags once (single rinse)Add all rinse water to the sprayer. Cut, puncture, or crush plastic, metal, or paper containers.Dispose of the containers according to product label directions or provincial law.

Containers cannot be buried, burned, or disposed of except at an approved site or in a manner approved by provincial regulations or recommended by the manufacturer.

7/3/2009 CORE 62

2009 CONTAINER RECOVERY PROGRAM SITES

SITE LOCATION

Robinson's Albany

McCain Fertilizer Bloomfield

McCain Fertilizer New Perth

McCain Fertilizer Summerside

Cavendish Agri Kensington,

Cavendish Agri Montague

Cavendish Agri Charlottetown,

Cavendish Agri Oleary

Cavendish Agri Summerside

Cardigan Feed Cardigan

03/07/2009 CropLife 2009 63

7/3/2009 1


Training Module 14, Part 1Emergency Response

7/3/2009 2




7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 181 3

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Assess the hazards of a pesticide spill or fire, and apply emergency measures. Secure pesticides and minimize the likelihood of theft.

There is a risk of exposure any time a person comes into contact with a pesticide. Anyone who handles or might be exposed to a pesticide must be prepared to respond to an accidental poisoning, burn, spill, or fire.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 181 4

Emergencies Involving Pesticides

You can plan for a pesticide emergency by:

Knowing all the areas of risk.Knowing how to respond to different incidents.Taking the necessary steps to reduce risk. Having the right information on hand.Contacting the proper authorities.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 5

Pesticide Spill Emergencies

A pesticide spill can occur when a product is being transported, stored, or handled at the mixing or application site.A pesticide spill can poison people, animals, and plants.If not properly cleaned up and decontaminated, a pesticide spill can contaminate soil, water, and vehicles.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 6

Pesticide Spill Emergencies

Three steps are involved when addressing a pesticide spill:

PreventionPreparation Response

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 7

Preventing a Spill

You can reduce the chance of a pesticide spill, and the resulting risk, by following these guidelines: Regularly check pesticide containers for leaks, holes, and other signs of stress.Store pesticides in a proper storage facility. Keep pesticide containers on pallets and off the ground. Do not over stack containers.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 8

Preventing a Spill

Take extra care when mixing, handling, or moving pesticide containers or loaded application equipment.Regularly inspect and maintain application equipment, and never leave it unattended when it is being filled.Make sure that workers are trained to handle pesticides properly.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 9

Preparing for an Accidental Spill

To prepare for an emergency involving a pesticide spill: Keep personal protective equipment (PPE) on hand. Keep a spill kit on hand, including:

Absorbent materialA sealable container to hold contaminated material.A shovel to contain and pick up contaminated material.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 10

Preparing for an Accidental Spill

Keep a copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each stored pesticide, and the following emergency phone numbers nearby:

Local Dept. of Environment.Fire, police, and ambulance service.Poison control centre.Canutec (613 996 6666)

Know what to do if a spill occurs (see next slide).

Responding to a Spill

If a pesticide spill occurs, you must respond quickly and properly. To put your Emergency Response Plan into action:Assess the hazards.Take steps to protect yourself and others from exposure to the spilled pesticide.Put on proper personal protective equipment.Remove any victims. Call 911 if required.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 183 11

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 183 12


If the spill is inside a storage area, ventilate.Keep people and animals away from the spill area. Follow personal safety practices (e.g., do not smoke, eat, or drink during cleanup activity).Check the pesticide label and MSDS for instruction on containing the spill. Cover a liquid spill with absorbent material (vermiculite or pet litter).

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 183 13


Never try to wash away a spilled pesticide using water.If cleanup guidelines are not given on the product label, sweep or shovel contaminated absorbent material into a container lined with a heavy-duty plastic bag.Seal the container and label it with information on the spilled pesticide (trade name, PCP Actnumber, date of spill).

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 183 14


Locate the manufacturer’s emergency phone number and call for more information (your local pesticide vendor may be able to help with this). Follow product disposal guidelines. These may be given on the product label or MSDS.If a pesticide spill occurs, you must contact:

PEI Environmental Emergencies 24-hour toll-free number

1-800-565-1633

Pesticide Spill

Any amount of spilled pesticide can pose a hazard.Typically, a spill of less than 20 L or 20 Kg of concentrated product or less than 200 L of a pesticide mixture is considered to be a small spill.An amount greater than this is considered to be a large spill.Large spills are more likely to impact people or animals, or to contaminate property or the environment.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 184 15

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 186 16

Decontaminating a Spill AreaPesticide residue remaining after cleaning up a spill can still contaminate soil, water, or hard surfaces. To decontaminate soil:Refer to the product label and MSDS. These may provide information for dealing with minor pesticide spills during mixing, loading, transporting, or application.Contact the pesticide manufacturer or the PEI Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry for information on decontaminating soil.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 186 17

Decontaminating a Spill Area

To decontaminate hard surfaces:Use a small amount of wash water. Use only enough to extract the pesticide. Do not dilute it.Contain the wash water to the contaminated area.Work the wash water and degradation agent (Solution recommended on the label to speed up product break down e.g., bleach or caustic) into the spill area with a coarse brush or broom. Only use bleach when it is called for on the label.Use absorbent material (e.g., pet litter or vermiculite) to collect excess liquid.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 186 18

Decontaminating a Spill Area

Sweep the used absorbent material into a waste container.Seal the waste container, label it (date, PCP Actnumber, and trade name of the spilled pesticide), and store until you are able to properly dispose of it.If you are unsure of how to dispose of the contaminated material, contact the PEI Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 186 19

Decontamination of Cleanup Equipment and PPE

Equipment and PPE used to clean up a pesticide spill must be decontaminated after use.Before removing PPE, wash all of the equipment used in the cleanup (e.g., broom, shovel) with soap and water.Remove and wash goggles, respirator, boots, and coveralls using soap and water.Wash gloves before taking them off.Remove gloves last and then wash hands and face.

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Avoid exposure by not touching contaminated glove surfaces.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 187 21

Personal Hygiene

There is always a chance of exposure to a pesticide, even when wearing PPE.Shower and change immediately if clothing becomes heavily contaminated. Do not wait to finish the cleanup activity.Wash hands and face with warm soapy water before eating, smoking, drinking, or changing into street clothes.Take a full shower as soon as possible.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 187 22

Personal Hygiene

If any person involved in the spill or cleanup activity begins to feel sick (e.g., nausea, headache, etc.), take him/her to the nearest hospital at once. Take along:

A clean pesticide label (if possible).The PCP Act number. All medical treatment information on the pesticide label or MSDS.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 23

Pesticide Fire EmergenciesFires involving a pesticide can pose a special danger because:Many pesticides are flammable; a few are even explosive.

TDG Safety Marks

Flammable Explosive

Pesticide Fire Emergencies

Some pesticides produce highly toxic fumes when burned.Fumes from a pesticide fire can poison people (e.g., firefighters), animals, or plants.Runoff water from fighting a fire, which can contain pesticide residue, has the potential to contaminate soil, wells, and other water sources.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 24

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 25

Pesticide Fire Emergencies

Three steps are involved when addressing a pesticide fire:

PreventionPreparation Response

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 26

Preventing a FireYou can help to avoid a fire by following these guidelines:Do not use an open flame (welding, burning, cutting) in a pesticide storage facility.Follow national and local fire, building, and electrical codes when locating and constructing a pesticide storage facility.Prevent unauthorized access to a storage facility by securing doors and windows.Do not smoke in, or around, a storage facility.

Preparing for a Fire Emergency

Prepare an Emergency Response Plan to deal with a potential fire.

Keep a list of all stored pesticides and their Material Safety Data Sheets near, but not in, the storage facility.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 27


Encourage fire department personnel to visit the site (before a fire occurs), or provide them with a list and the exact location of all stored pesticides.Make a site plan showing the location of the storage facility and other hazardous items (e.g., propane tanks, gasoline/diesel tanks, etc.).

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 28

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 189 29


Post “danger” or “warning” signs at all points of access to a pesticide storage facility. Keep emergency telephone numbers nearby.Keep a fire extinguisher, approved for fighting chemical fires, near the storage facility. Have a step-by-step plan to respond to a fire. This should tell how to respond, who is to perform each task, and how to contain any runoff water.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 190 30

Responding to a Fire

An Emergency Response Plan should be put to work as soon as an incident occurs. You should:Get away from the fire.Dial 911 at once to notify the fire department.Confirm that all workers and family members are safe.Keep people and animals upwind and away from the fire. This will help to protect them from toxic fumes, runoff, and explosions.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 190 31

Responding to a Fire

Make sure that firefighters know that the structure on fire contains pesticides or application equipment.Give firefighters a list of all pesticides stored in the facility.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 190 32

Responding to a FireIf required, make dams or dikes to contain runoff water and to prevent it from getting into waterways, wells, and other environmentally sensitive areas.Report all fires involving pesticides to the:

PEI Environmental Emergency

24-hour toll-free number

1-800-565-1633

Pesticide Theft

In the case of pesticide theft, the owner of the stolen product is liable for any related accident involving the pesticide.

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Pesticide Theft

To help prevent pesticide theft: Lock the storage facility and install a security system.Ensure adequate outdoor lighting.Limit access to the pesticide storage facility at all times. Secure pesticides when transporting them.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 190 34

Pesticide Theft

Never leave application equipment unattended.If a theft of pesticide occurs, immediately contact the police; the PEI Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry; your insurance company; and your pesticide supplier. Stolen pesticides can be tracked using the supplier’s batch or lot numbers.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 190 35

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Training Module 14, Part 2Emergency Response

7/3/2009 2




7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 3

There is a risk of exposure any time a person comes into contact with a pesticide. Anyone who handles, or might be expected to handle, a pesticide must be prepared to respond to an accidental poisoning, burn, spill, or fire.

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Prepare and use an emergency response plan.Assess pesticide emergencies and apply first aid. Respond to the variety of emergencies that can occur.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 182 4

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 198 5

Emergency Response PlanAn incident can occur quickly and without warning. An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) can reduce the impact of a pesticide emergency on human health and the environment. A good plan will identify the steps needed to deal with:

Fire involving a pesticide.Incidents causing personal injury.Spills or incidents during pesticide transport.Vapour and/or odour release.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 198 6

Emergency Response Plan

An Emergency Response Plan will include a:List of contacts and emergency response numbers.List of emergency assistance resources.Site map for the office and storage area.Accurate pesticide inventory.Step-by-step outline of emergency procedures.Record of available emergency equipment and supplies.

Update and review your plan annually. Update and review your plan annually.

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Telephone List

List the name and 24-hour telephone numbers for: Fire, police, and medical assistance (911). Owner, managers, and key staff (home and office). Home or business owners near the storage facility.


Telephone List

List the name and 24-hour telephone numbers for: All provincial authorities who must be called in case of an emergency.The provincial 24-hour environmental emergency line (1-800-565-1633).Your insurance agency.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 19 9

Emergency Telephone List

An emergency contact list should be posted near any telephone located in a pesticide handling, mixing, or storage area.

EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERSDoctor ________________________Fire __________________________ Police _________________________Ambulance _____________________Poison Control Centre_____________Environmental Emergencies _______


Site Map

Prepare a map that locates the pesticide storage structure and all surrounding features.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 198 11

Emergency Response Plan

An Emergency Response Plan will only work if needed equipment and supplies are on hand, and staff are ready to respond.Review the plan annually to ensure all workers are familiar with the location of, and information contained in, the plan.Copies of the plan should be stored in different places, including the cab of each vehicle.Update the plan annually.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 191 12

First Aid

First Aid:Is the means to help stabilize a sick or injured person until medical help arrives.Can prevent further injury and save lives.Cannot take the place of medical help.Should be learned by all staff.

First Aid Procedures for a Pesticide Exposure

Those who work with pesticides should be prepared to deal with chemical-related emergencies. Staff should be trained to administer general first aid procedures for pesticide poisoning, respiratory exposure, exposure to the eyes and skin, and pesticide ingestion.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 191 13

Pesticide Labels and Information on First Aid

The principal source of first aid information is the pesticide label. ALWAYS read the first aid section of the label before handling any pesticide.If someone is working with you, review first aid information with him or her.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 191 14

First Aid Kit

Your emergency supply inventory should include a well-stocked and maintained first aid kit.Keep a first aid kit in the pesticide storage facility, office, and close to any area where pesticides are handled (ideally, in each vehicle). A list of recommended materials for a first aid kit is provided in Chapter 9 of the Core Manual.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 192 15

Pesticide Poisoning Response

People who work with pesticides should know the symptoms (mild, moderate, or severe) of a pesticide poisoning. They should also know how to properly respond to an incident.Assess the dangerDo not enter a dangerous situation. Protect themselves from injury, before giving treatment to another person.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 191 16

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 192 17


Put on protective clothing and equipment. Remove the victim from the contaminated area.(Never move a person if a spinal cord injury is suspected.)

Call, or have a bystander call, an ambulance and/or the Poison Control Centre.

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Check the victim’s breathing and pulse. If he/she is not breathing, give artificial respiration. (Use a respiration mask with a one-way valve.)

Remove contaminated clothing.Wash any skin exposed to a pesticide with soap and plenty of warm water.

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Keep the patient quiet, warm, and comfortable and reassure them to minimize shock.If possible, supply emergency and medical responders with:

Information on the pesticide involved (e.g., PCP Act number, trade name, concentration).Duration, route, and amount of exposure.Relevant medical history of the victim.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 193 20

First Aid and Routes of Exposure

The first aid to be undertaken will depend on the pesticide’s route of entry. A pesticide can enter the body:Through the lungs (respiratory). Through the eyes (ocular exposure). Through the skin (dermal exposure).Through the mouth (ingestion).

Refer to Chapter 9 of the Refer to Chapter 9 of the Core ManualCore Manual for first for first aid procedures for addressing each of these aid procedures for addressing each of these routes of exposure.routes of exposure.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 193 21

Treatment for Respiratory Exposure

Pesticide vapours and fine droplets can be breathed into the lungs (respiratory exposure). When this happens to another person, act quickly and:Call for medical assistance. Reduce your risk by putting on proper PPE.Move the patient to fresh air.If needed, apply first aid and treat for shock.Attend to the patient until assistance arrives.

Exposure to the Eye

Pesticides can splash into the eye when loading equipment or making an overhead application. Product is then quickly adsorbed into the blood stream, and poisoning can result.Some products are also corrosive and can cause long-term damage to the eye. The pesticide label will provide a warning if the product is an eye irritant.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 194 22

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 194 23

Treatment

If a pesticide enters the eye:

Hold the eyelid open and rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.Follow the first aid instruction on the product label.Call for medical assistance or take the patient to the hospital.

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Exposure to the Skin

The skin, in particular the hands, is the most likely part of the body to come into contact with a pesticide. Exposure to the skin can occur from:Touching contaminated containers or application equipment.Splashing a product on the face when mixing or loading.Rubbing against treated vegetation.

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Treatment for Dermal Exposure

Remove the patient’s contaminated clothing.Drench the contaminated area with cold water.Call for medical assistance if there is extensive exposure, the product is corrosive, or the patient becomes unconscious.Wash the patient’s skin and hair with soap and water. Clean under the fingernails if this area is contaminated.Give first aid until medical help arrives.

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Treatment for Chemical Burns

Some pesticides are very corrosive and can burn the skin on contact. Should this happen:Call for medical assistance.Remove contaminated clothing and drench the affected area with plenty of cold water.Do not apply anything to the burned area.Give first aid, as required.

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Treatment for Ingestion

Accidental ingestion most often occurs as a result of someone placing a pesticide in a container other than the original (e.g., pop can, coffee cup). When this happens:Act quickly and call for medical assistance.Read and follow the product label directions for poisoning. First aid directions will state whether to induce vomiting or not induce vomiting. Provide first aid until medical help arrives. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious patient.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 9 Pg 195 28

Inducing Vomiting

Only induce vomiting if:The patient is conscious.The label clearly states “induce vomiting”.You are instructed to do so by the Poison Control Center or medical personnel.

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Follow Up to a Pesticide Exposure

Anyone poisoned (dermal, inhalation, ocular, or ingestion) by a pesticide should have a full medical assessment.Family members should be advised to watch the victim for recurring symptoms of poisoning. Ensure that they are aware of the acute toxic symptoms as noted on the pesticide label.REMEMBER: First aid is never a substitute for professional medical treatment.

7/3/2009


Training Module 15Training Module 15ProfessionalismProfessionalism

1

7/3/2009




2

Learning Objectives

Completing this module will help you to:Develop a more professional image for dealing with the public.Understand the importance of good public relations.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 201 3

Professionalism

As an applicator of pesticides designed to As an applicator of pesticides designed to control structural pests, you should understand control structural pests, you should understand that these products are an important tool in the that these products are an important tool in the Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management ‘‘toolboxtoolbox’’..You need to recognize that pesticides are You need to recognize that pesticides are typically applied in or around structures, typically applied in or around structures, including occupied dwellings and food including occupied dwellings and food processing facilities, so potential exposure and processing facilities, so potential exposure and risk to human health can be high.risk to human health can be high.

7/3/2009 General 4

As a professional, you must work with skill and integrity. Key factors that display professionalism include:Knowledge of your job.Attitude, image, and work habits (how you conduct yourself on the job).Communication with clients, staff, and the public about your work.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 237 5

Knowledge

As a applicator, you must be familiar with:Federal, provincial, and municipal laws that govern pesticide use in your province and community. Applicator training programs and provincial certification and licensing requirements for transporting, storing, handling, mixing, applying, and disposing of a pesticide.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 238 6

Knowledge

As a applicator, you must understand:How to select, use, and take care of pesticide application and personal protective equipment.Public concerns regarding pesticide use, human health, and the environment.How to respond quickly and properly to a pesticide-related emergency, spill, or fire.Interactions between the pest, the host, and the environment.

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Knowledge

As an applicator, you must understand:As an applicator, you must understand:How to obtain needed information on pesticide How to obtain needed information on pesticide use (e.g., from resource experts, publications, use (e.g., from resource experts, publications, and trade organizations).and trade organizations).Current information on pest control options. Current information on pest control options. (This includes Integrated Pest Management.)(This includes Integrated Pest Management.)The benefits and risks associated with various The benefits and risks associated with various pest control methods.pest control methods.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 238 8

Knowledge

Pesticides and their legal use change over time. It is important to keep up-to-date on changing pesticide laws, pest control products, application techniques and equipment, and public concerns.Keep current by attending seminars; talking to pesticide/equipment sales representatives; taking courses; and reading journals, papers, and other relevant publications.7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 239 9

Attitude and Work Habits

A professional attitude will help you to:Protect yourself and the environment when working with pesticides.Reduce pesticide use by practicing IPM. Respect public concerns regarding pesticide use.Respond quickly and properly to pesticide spills, other emergencies, and public inquiries.Make ‘educated’ and sound recommendations.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 239 10


Practice professional work habits.Apply pesticides according to label directions.Notify appropriate people of a planned pesticide application (e.g., nearby apartment residents, plant workers with known health issues, etc.). Avoid a pesticide application that might affect bystanders.



Practice integrated pest management (IPM). Apply a pesticide only when necessary.Keep detailed pesticide application records. Practice safety at all times.Keep an up-to-date inventory of stored pesticides.Notify your local fire department of the location of any pesticide storage site.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 241 12


Keep pesticide application equipment clean and in good working order.Use and maintain pesticide application equipment and vehicles in a safe and proper manner.Immediately clean up any spilled pesticide.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 242 13


Develop an emergency response plan to quickly and effectively respond to an injury, spill, or fire.Do follow-up inspections of all treatments.Immediately clean up any spilled pesticide.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 242 14

Communication

Communication is key to a well-informed public.Good communication can prevent misunderstandings and loss of public support for the use of pesticides.It is important to educate members of the public on IPM, as well as the role of professional applicators in structural pest control.


Communication

To communicate effectively: Be honest, polite, and cooperative.Provide timely and accurate information. Respect public health and environmental concerns.Listen to public concerns and respect the viewpoints of others.


Communication

Take part in industry-led communication efforts (e.g., mail-outs, forums, presentations).Provide solid facts and avoid less-than-honest statements.Develop client information brochures that are based on fact and science.Educate your clients regarding their role in an IPM structural (e.g., rodent, bed bug,) control program.

7/3/2009 Core Ch 10 Pg 240 17

Legal Requirements

There are legal requirements for buying, handling, and applying many pesticides.Federal, provincial, and municipal legislation is designed to protect public health and the environment from pesticide misuse.These same laws can also work to protect an applicator.As a professional, you should be familiar with provincial legislation and municipal by-laws.


Reducing Bystander Exposure

Applying a pesticide in and around a structure increases the risk of possible exposure to the public.


Reducing Bystander Exposure

To reduce exposure:Notify nearby property owners.Post and restrict entry at all access points.Use secure bait stations.Cover up items (e.g., dishes, food, toys) before making any pesticide application.


Complaints

Public complaints and concerns regarding the use of pesticides are common. To reduce these complaints comply with provincial regulations by:Notifying owners/residents of nearby properties before using a pesticide. Complying with label directions and provincial regulations (e.g., re-entry times, posting, etc.,).


Complaints

When you become aware of a complaint it is in your best interest to:Respond quickly and properly. Visit the affected area with the person who made the complaint and openly discuss their concerns.


Complaints

Remember that you may be legally and financially liable for property (e.g., bedding, personal belongings) damaged as a result of an improper application of a pesticide.


PEI Structural Pesticide Applicator Training Course › photos › original › elj_stc.pdf ·...

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Transcript of PEI Structural Pesticide Applicator Training Course › photos › original › elj_stc.pdf ·...