Pegasor Particle Sensor PPS-M New Tool for … · Pegasor Particle Sensor – PPS-M New Tool for...
Transcript of Pegasor Particle Sensor PPS-M New Tool for … · Pegasor Particle Sensor – PPS-M New Tool for...
Pegasor Particle Sensor – PPS-M New Tool for Industrial PM Measurement
Juha Tikkanen, VP Sales & Marketing Pegasor Ltd.
Finland
Content
• Pegasor background
• Pegasor company
• Key research partner
• Pegasor particle sensor (PPS-M) technology
• Operation parameters
• PPS-M installation; On board vehicle, engine dyno/raw
exhaust
• Customer results
• Pegasor OBD
• Conclusion
Since 2003 the Pegasor team has been developing and testing novel sensor technologies for measuring particle emissions (PM) from the tailpipe.
In 2008 Pegasor team was put together to commercialize a new sensor innovation that enables on board emission measurements in passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles
Low cost, service free operation, high sensitivity and real-time operation of the sensor opens other very lucrative markets both in engine emission measurements and air quality monitoring.
Pegasor background
Company
Established Team has
– Long experience in innovation, development and commercialization of fine particle emission monitoring and control technologies
– Managed a technology start-up company from its inception to a more than 3 M€ turnover company - based on income money
– Extensive collaboration network from industry, academia
and officials built over 10 years
• Pegasor Head office in Tampere, Finland
– European activities
– OBM/D development, other applications
– Vehicle inspection market activities
• Branch office in Tucson, Arizona USA
– US and Asia activities
– US EPA & California Air Resources Board (CARB)
– Diesel manufacturers
Key research and testing partner - LAT
• Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics (LAT), Univ. of Thessaloniki
has been the technical advisor of the European Commission in all major vehicle emission control legislation including: • OBD for Euro 5 passenger cars (sole advisor – three contracts)
• OBD for Euro 6 heavy duty vehicles (w. TU Graz)
• Euro 5 and 6 Passenger Cars & Heavy Duty Vehicles (w. Ricardo, TNO)
• Euro 3 Mopeds and Motorcycles (sole advisor)
• LAT has complete engine and vehicle emission testing facilities • Semi-transient HD engine test cell
• Fully-transient diesel/gasoline engine test cell and chassis dyno
• Complete range of gas and particle analyzers and access to a range of diesel particle filters
• Several engines/vehicles for testing
• One of the world’s most powerful aftertreatment modeling code (AxiSuite)
• Facilities and experience is made available for Pegasor
PPS-M Operation and Advantages
• Advantages – Real-time
– Continuous operation
– Non collective
– Raw exhaust measurement possible without dilution
– Sensor reading independent of measured gas conditions • Pressure fluctuations
• flow velocity
– Wide range of operating temperatures
PPS-M Dimensions
Pegasor Particle Sensor (PPS-M)
Inlet
Outlet
Operational parameters
• Temperature range will stand DPF regeneration
• Concentrations from about 0,01 (outdoor air version 1 g/m3) to 250 mg/m3
• Response time 0,3-0,4 s
• Analog input filtering 10Hz. Sampling rate up to 100 Hz
• Operation parameters
• Clean air flow 2 LPM @ 1.5 bar overpressure
• Sample flow 5 LPM (ejector driven)
• High voltage ~3kV
• Power consumption 2,5 W, 10-30 VDC, capable to supply 5A of external power for heaters
• Data communication RS 485 (for universal use)
– Total mass and total number reported
• Self diagnostics included
• Port for external thermocouple included
Conducted studies
• So far PPS-M has been tested by several vehicle manufacturers and independent laboratories with several different types of engines and exhaust aftertreatment systems including
– Heavy and light duty diesels
– Pre and post DPF
– Spark ignition engine
• Comparison has in most cases been done with the AVL Micro Soot Sensor (MSS)
– Therefore, presented data focuses on those results
On Board Vehicle Measurement Set-Up
PPS-M
DOC
DPF Silencer
On Board Vehicle Installation
Engine Dyno Measurement Set-Up
20% Defected DPF
Break & Electronics
PPS-M
Engine Dyno/Raw Exhaust Installation
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-10
0
10
20
30
40so
ot ra
te (m
g/m
3)MVEG
FROID
2885.xls
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-50
0
50
100
150
soot
mas
s (m
g)
Time (s)
12 mg/km : MVEG cold start
= MSS
= PPS-M (Pegasor Particle Sensor)
(Micro Soot Sensor / AVL)
• Euro 6 Not-To-Exceed (NTE) limit 9 mg/km
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-5
0
5
10
15so
ot ra
te (m
g/m
3)MVEG
CHAUD
2906.xls
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-20
0
20
40
60
soot
mas
s (m
g)
Time (s)
6 mg/km : MVEG hot start
= MSS
= PPS-M
• Euro 6 Not-To-Exceed (NTE) limit 9 mg/km
Instrument Stability – 3 Measurements
PPS-M average stability ± 7%
MSS 4.16 mg/m3 ± 10 %
= 8 mg/m3 ± 9 %
Time[s]
Time[s]
Sta
bili
ty [
%]
Sta
bili
ty [
%]
MS
S [
mg
/m3]
PP
S-M
x 1
00
[m
V]
Dynamic Repeatibility – 11 Measurements
PPS-M average stability ± 8%
MSS average stability ± 10 %
Sta
bili
ty
Sta
bili
ty
Time[s]
Time[s]
PP
S-M
x 1
00
[m
V]
MS
S [
mg
/m3]
PPS-M average stability ± 8%
MSS average stability ± 13 %
Sta
bili
ty [
%]
PP
S-M
x 1
00
[m
V]
Sta
bili
ty [
%]
MS
S [
mg
/m3]
Time[s]
Time[s]
Dynamic Repeatibility – 8 Measurements
PPS-M D/A Converter
set to 450 mA max.
Dynamic Test Raw Signal – 11 Measurements P
PS
-M x
100
[m
V]
MS
S [
mg
/m3]
PP
S-M
MS
S
Time[s]
Time[s]
Time[s]
PPS-M
MSS
Average
a
PPS-M
MSS
Time Response of PPS vs. Particle Number Measuring Instruments
PPS-M sensor can also be used for particle number monitoring (diesel)
• PPS-M could be developed to measure particle number
concentration from gasoline engines – Euro 7
Clio 3 1.2 L
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+13
1.00E+14
11/01/10 14/01/10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CPC 3022 aval
Particules/km Clone PMP aval
Particules/km Somme mV
PEGASOR
Clio 3 1.2L
Signal Behavior During Active DPF Regeneration
DPF Temp.
PSS-M
MSS
RPM
Regeneration start Regeneration end
• PPS signal directly proportional to active surface area in this study
• Peaks on MSS data from large particles coming off the DPF
PP
S-M
x 1
00
[m
V]
Te
mp
era
ture
[°C
]
Limited amount of volatiles Lot of volatiles
Time Response of PPS vs. MSS
• 3 second time delay and 7 second averaging downgrades PPS-M data comparable with the MSS
0
10
20
30
40
0
100
200
300
400
1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240
MSS
[mg
/m³]
Pe
gaso
r [m
V]
time [s]
Pegasor mV
Pegasor filtered, τ = 7, td= -3 s
MSS mg/m³
0
10
20
30
40
0
100
200
300
400
1080 1100 1120 1140
MSS
[mg
/m³]
Pe
gaso
r [m
V]
time [s]
Pegasor mVPegasor filtered, τ = 7, td= -3 sMSS mg/m³
Confidential
Time Response of PPS vs. Engine Data
• PM emissions essentially immediately during torque change
• Use of averaging instruments can be challenging for engine development
• Use of true real-time instruments increase productivity significantly
Confidential
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
100
200
300
400
500
1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240
N [U
/min
], M
[Nm
]
PP
S-M
[m
V]
time [s]
0
100
200
300
400
1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240time [s]
PP
S-M
, M/1
0
0
10
20
30
40
MSS
[m
g/m
³]
PPS-M [mV]
M/10 [Nm]
MSS [mg/m³]
0
100
200
300
400
1080 1100 1120 1140time [s]
PP
S-M
, M/1
0
0
10
20
30
40
MSS
[m
g/m
³]
PPS-M [mV]
M/10 [Nm]
MSS [mg/m³]
Time Response of PPS vs. MSS on Engine Torque
Use of not true real-time instruments hide the data and reasons behind it
Soot Deposits on Sensor Parts
Soot deposition
caused by
Thermophoresis
and space charge
-cold clean air flow
-heaters are
available
Usage Tips for PPS-M
Water condensation around ion outlet -
sensor heater should be used to avoid
condensation inside the sensor
Sensor after one week of continuous
operation – when heaters are not used
(sample inlet, sensor) – heaters should be
used to increase continuous operation
time
Summary and Conclusions
• Pegasor particle sensor is the world’s first continuously operating sensor with capabilities for permanent installation on board vehicle
• Most cost effective solution for real-time PM measurement
• Low capital cost
• Low maintenance cost
• Fastest Time Response, down to 0,3 s time resolution
• Calibrated for total mass and total number of particles. User calibration recommended for most accurate results
• Sensitive to fine particles – important regarding health effects
• Can be installed upstream or downstream DPF
• Could be miniaturized to an affordable OBD sensor
particle sensors for a clean future
Juha Tikkanen , Chairman of the Board [email protected] Juha Kaartinen, CEO [email protected]
"In a modern world city, people should have the opportunity to live and work without fear of being poisoned by the air they breathe.“ - Ken Livingstone (mayor of London -5/2008)