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Peeking Under the Hood: The Energy Characteristics of California’s Commercial Building Sector
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Transcript of Peeking Under the Hood: The Energy Characteristics of California’s Commercial Building Sector
Peeking Under the Hood: Peeking Under the Hood: The Energy Characteristics of The Energy Characteristics of
California’s Commercial Building California’s Commercial Building SectorSector
Martha Brook, P.E.Martha Brook, P.E.
California Energy CommissionCalifornia Energy Commission
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
• Source & Description of Data
• Commercial Sector Energy & Peak
• Building Types
• End Uses
• HVAC Details
• Lighting Details
Commercial End Use Survey Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS)(CEUS)
• Field Survey of 2790 CA Commercial Buildings– PG&E: 1001 premises– SMUD: 300 premises– SCE: 1144 premises– SDG&E: 345 premises
• 12 Building Types/Segments
• 13 End Uses (3 HVAC, 10 NonHVAC)
• 16 Title 24 Standards Climate Zones
CEUS Coverage by UtilityCEUS Coverage by Utility
Geography covered by CEUS
CEUS Coverage by Climate ZoneCEUS Coverage by Climate Zone
CEUS Building TypesCEUS Building Types• Small Office (<30,000 ft2)• Large Office (>=30,000 ft2)• Restaurant• Retail• Food/Liquor• Unrefrigerated Warehouse• Refrigerated Warehouse• School• College• Health Care• Hotel/Motel• Miscellaneous
CEUS End UsesCEUS End Uses
• 3 HVAC End Uses Space Heating Space Cooling Ventilation
• 10 Non-HVAC End Uses Water Heating Cooking Refrigeration Interior Lighting Exterior Lighting
Office EquipmentOffice Equipment Miscellaneous EquipmentMiscellaneous Equipment Air CompressorsAir Compressors Motors (non-HVAC)Motors (non-HVAC) Process EquipmentProcess Equipment
Commercial Sector Commercial Sector SiteSite Energy Use Energy Use
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Electricity
Gas
Ktherms by Month
Commercial Sector Commercial Sector SourceSource Energy Use Energy UseKtherms by Month
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Electricity
Gas
Commercial Sector Electricity UseCommercial Sector Electricity Use
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
GWh by Month
Commercial Sector Peak DemandCommercial Sector Peak Demand
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
GW by Month
(8) 500MW Power Plants
Commercial Sector Peak DemandCommercial Sector Peak DemandkW on Hot Summer Day
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Cooling
Vent
IntLight
Refrig
OfficeEquip
Motors
Cooking
AirComp
Misc
Process
WaterHeat
ExtLight
Heating
Site Energy Use by Building TypeSite Energy Use by Building Type
14%10%9%
6%
6%
19%2%3%
7%
4%5%
15%
Miscellaneous Large Office
Restaurant Retail
Health Food Store
Lodging Small Office
School College
Unrefrigerated Warehouse Refrigerated Warehouse
Total = 3,567 Mtherms
Energy Intensity by Building TypeEnergy Intensity by Building Typetherms/ft2
- 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Restaurant
Food Store
Health
Lodging
Large Office
College
Refrigerated Warehouse
Miscellaneous
Small Office
Retail
School
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
Site Energy Use by End UseSite Energy Use by End UseTotal = 3,567 Mtherms
18%
13%
12%11%
10%
9%
8%
5%4% 4% 1%2%3%
Interior Lighting Heating Water Heating
Cooking Cooling Refrigeration
Ventilation Office Equipment Miscellaneous
Exterior Lighting Motors Process
Air Compressors
18%
14%
10%9%
8%
7%
6%
6%
3%
2%
Everything Else StorageAuto Repair OfficeUnlisted General Low Bay Com/IndClassroom/Lecture Religous W orshipRetail Sales Exercise CenterStorage (Conditioned) CorridorResidential LobbyConference Room Convention/Meeting CenterGeneral High Bay Com/Ind
““Miscellaneous” BuildingsMiscellaneous” Buildings
each
each
Energy Intensity by End UseEnergy Intensity by End Use
0 10 20 30 40 50
GasProcess
IntLight
Cooling
GasCooling
Vent
GasCooking
Refrig
Process
GasHeating
GasHotWater
GasMisc
Motors
OfficeEquip
ExtLight
Misc
Cooking
Heating
AirComp
WaterHeat
kBtu/ft2
Only SZ82%
Only MZ0%
SZ & MZ18%
Uncond0%
HVAC Types - % of Total Floor SpaceHVAC Types - % of Total Floor Space
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
Only SZ Only MZ SZ & MZ Uncond
Single Zone Equipment TypesSingle Zone Equipment Types
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
PSZASHPSSZ2PFC4PFCBRPTUSZUVWLHP
Multi Zone Equipment TypesMulti Zone Equipment Types
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
CV ReheatDual DuctMulti ZoneVAV
Chiller15%
DX34%
None49%
Purchased Chilled Water
2%
HVAC Cooling TypesHVAC Cooling Types
DX80%
None19%
Chiller1%
Single Zone
Multi Zone
% of All Systems% of All Systems
0 2 4 6 8 10
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
Average Tonnage of DX Single ZoneAverage Tonnage of DX Single Zone
5
Average Tonnage of DX Multi ZoneAverage Tonnage of DX Multi Zone
0 20 40 60
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
Average Tonnage by Chiller TypeAverage Tonnage by Chiller Type
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Reciprocating, Air
Reciprocating, Water
Screw Compressor, Air
Screw Compressor, Water
Scroll, Air
Scroll, Water
Centrifugal, Air
Centrifugal, Water
Absorption steam
Absorption, direct fired gas
Std Fluor48%HE Fluor
52%
HE Fluor61%
Std Fluor39%
Std Fluor88%
HE Fluor12%
Fluorescent 75%
Incandescent & CFL 15%
HID 6%
Other Lights 4%
Lighting Types - % of Total WattageLighting Types - % of Total Wattage
8 ft. Fixture8 ft. Fixture4 ft. Fixture4 ft. Fixture
Lighting by Building TypeLighting by Building Type
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
Fluorescent HID Incandescent & CFL Other Lights
% of Total Wattage% of Total Wattage
CFL & Incandescent BulbsCFL & Incandescent Bulbs% of Total Wattage% of Total Wattage
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0%
COLL
GROC
HLTH
LODG
LOFF
MISC
REFW
REST
RETL
SCHL
SOFF
WRHS
CFL
Incand
More on CEUS…More on CEUS…
Special thanks toSpecial thanks to Bob Ramirez
Downloadable CEUS data summaries: http://capabilities.itron.com/ceusweb/
California Energy Commission’s CEUS report: http://www.energy.ca.gov/ceus/index.html