PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

Carlos L. Yanes

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

Pedagogical (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)relating to, or befitting a teacher or education

Pedagogical / Pedagogy (macmillandictionary.com)relating to educational methods and principles

Pedagogue (www.etymonline.com)late 14c., "schoolmaster, teacher," from Old French pedagoge "teacher of children" (14c.), from Latin paedagogus, from

Greek paidagogos "slave who escorts boys to school and

generally supervises them," later "a teacher,"

from pais (genitive paidos) "child" from agein "to lead"

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

GRAMMAR (macmillandictionary.com)The set of rules that describe the

structure of a language and control the way that sentence are formed

Odlin, T., (ed.) Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)

A pedagogical grammar is a modern approach in linguistics intended to aid in teaching an additional language.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

This method of teaching is divided into the descriptive: grammatical analysis, and the prescriptive: the articulation of a set of rules. Following an analysis of the context in which it is to be used, one grammatical form or arrangement of words will be determined to be the most appropriate.

Pedagogical grammars typically require rules that are definite, coherent, non-technical, cumulative and heuristic. As the rules themselves accumulate, an axiomatic system  is formed between the two languages that should then enable a native speaker of the first to learn the second.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

Structure

A pedagogic grammar is a description of how to use the grammar of a language to communicate, for people wanting to learn the target language. It can be compared with a reference grammar, which just describes the grammar of the language. Pedagogic grammars contain assumptions about how learners learn, follow certain linguistic theories in their descriptions, and are written for a specific target audience.

ExampleHow English Works and Grammar in Use are pedagogic grammar books, as they help learners use the grammar of English for communication.

In the classroomLearners can be asked to compare different explanations of a language point from different grammars. This allows learners to think about grammar and its role in communication.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR www.teachingenglish.org.uk/knowledge-database/pedagogic-grammar

The concept of pedagogic grammar (PG) has been discussed for over thirty years, and there have been several attempts to summarize the data in the field and to outline the perspectives.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

The theory of PG may include the following components:

1) pedagogic grammar itself;2) the psychological grammar – pedagogic

grammar relationship;3) the linguistic grammar – pedagogic

grammar relationship;4) the teaching material – pedagogic

grammar relationship;5) the implementation of pedagogic

grammar in actual teaching

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

THE BASICS OF THE THEORY

As it follows from Fig. 1, pedagogic grammar plays the role of filter between psychological grammar and linguistic grammar, on the one hand, and the Teaching progress, on the other.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

PSYCHOLOGICAL GRAMMAR

PEDAGOGIC GRAMMAR

TEACHING MATERIAL

TEACHING PROGRESS

LINGUISTICGRAMMAR

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

structure of the Pedagogic Grammar Theory

PSYCHOLOGICAL GRAMMAR

PEDAGOGIC GRAMMAR

TEACHING MATERIAL

TEACHING PROGRESS

LINGUISTICGRAMMAR

PG is a pedagogic description of a language aimed to improve the control of the acquisition/process. PG incorporates all grammar actions to be acquired (with the description of constituent operations) as well as the pedagogic information concerning these actions.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

The Implementation of Pedagogic Grammar in the Teaching Process. The best results are achieved on the basis of a maximum parallel use of both “acquisition” and “learning”. The efficiency of “acquisition” depends on:

1) the amount of input;2) affective characteristics in the classroom;3) the amount of intake;4) students’ motivation, initiative and intensity of

training in real-life situations;5) speech patterns as the only type of pedagogic

information should meet the following requirements:

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

a) provide orientation about the topic of communication;

b) provide for the visual perception of the object of communication;

c) model the corresponding speech acts;

d) control the environment at the L+1 level (where L is the actual level of the students).

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

The efficiency of “learning” is highest when: a) grammar sub skills are developed along

the materialized-to-mental-forms guidelines;

b) the students’ complete orientation has been provided for;

c) the students use the materialized type of pedagogic information;

d) exercises start immediately after the orientation;

e) involuntary memorization.

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR

What is Pedagogical

Grammar?-Adopted fromredcrimson07

Uploaded March 22,2012

Rene Driven refers to pedagogical grammar

as a cover form for any learner or teacher-oriented description or presentation of foreign language rule complexes with the aim of promoting and guiding learning in the acquisition of that language.

Corder refers to replace the term

pedagogical grammar with the pedagogy of grammar, points out that the term does not just imply to the implicit treatment of grammar.

Bausch pedagogical grammar

results from the consolidation and integration of the findings and insights of these areas: LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE PEDAGOGY and the FIELD OF APPLICATION (foreign language teaching)

Grammar

Pedagogical Grammar

Learning Grammar

Integrated in textbooks

independent

Teaching Grammar

Descriptive Grammar

Reference Grammar

School gramma

rUniversit

y grammar

User’s gramma

r

Linguistic Grammar

Immediate constituent

Transformational generative

Case grammar

Communicative grammar

Driven’s Diagram

Fig.1 Types of Grammar

On Descriptive Grammar the focus is on the code,

linguistic data is described to reveal patterns of arrangement of the different grammatical categories

On Pedagogical Grammar the focus is on how grammatical

items may be made more learnable or teachable

What Principles underlie Pedagogical Grammar?

Pedagogical Grammar is considered a hybrid grammar because it draws from and synthesizes the other conceptions of grammar choosing that which would best suit the grammatical item being taught.

Fig. 2 shows the four conception of Grammar which pedagogical grammar draws from

1. Grammar as prescription-> focuses on rules, that is, the do’s

and don’t of grammatical construction

Ex.

Pedagogical grammar

Grammar as an internalized

system

Grammar as prescription

Grammar as description

Grammar as a set of axioms

Fig. 2 Pedagogical Grammar: A hybrid grammar

2. Grammar as description-> focuses on the sequence or

word order to become clearerEx. teaching of structure of modification

A. Adverbs of place, manner and time

[Adverb of time + sentence + adverb of place, manner]

Or

[Sentence + adverb of manner, place, time]

B. Mid-position or frequency adverbs

1. Subject } + verb to be} + mid-position adverb} + rest of the sentence

Ex. He is often late. 

2. Subject} + mid-position adverb} + action verb} + rest of the sentence.

Ex. He often comes late. 

3. Subject} + helping verb} + mid-position adverb} + main verb} + rest of the sentence

Ex. He has often arrived late.

3. Grammar as an internalized system

-> The innate mental structures which a native speaker has of his language which guides his actual use of the language and enables him to sense “what sounds correct” and “what seems wrong” even if he cannot explain why.

Examples: “if-real” conditional clause

 

Native speaker: If he comes early, we will join you.

Filipino learner: If he will come early, we will join you.

The approach used is consciousness raising to make the second language learner realize what the native speaker knows instinctively.

4. Grammar as a set of axioms.-> One such rule is that which

pertains to the prepositional phrase.[PP-> P NP (PP)

-> The rule stipulates that “a prepositional phrase may be re-written as a preposition followed by a noun phrase which may in turn be followed by any number of other prepositional phrases.

EXPANSIONS PP-> P NP (PP)

1. There’s a tree in my garden.

2. There’s a nest in a tree in my garden.

3. There’s an egg in a nest in a tree in my

garden.

4. There’s an embryo in an egg in a nest in

a tree in my garden

P NP

P NP P NP P NP

P NP P NP

P NP P NP P

NP P NP

ACTIVITYGiven these grammatical items, which approach to grammar (prescription, description, innate system or axiomatic system), would each item land itself to render it more learnable and teachable?

1. Structure of Complementation[S- TV- DO] I called my friend.[S- TV- DO- OC] I called my friend a real gem.

2. Structure of Modification (placement of single-word adjectival modifier)

I bought three round brown leather keychains.

3. Parallel constructionsEvery living creature: the birds of the

air, the animals on the land and the fish in the deep, deserves its place in the sun.

4. Agreement in numberNeither the teacher nor the students

were hurt. Neither the students nor the teacher was

hurt.Rice and fish is all I had for lunch.Rice and fish are expensive.5. Response to negative questionQ: You’re not coming around tomorrow,

are you?A: No, I’m not. (Some Filipino learners

would say “Yes, I’m not coming.)

6. Response to the question, “Do you mind…?”Some Filipino learners say “Sure, go ahead,” even when they mean “Of course not. Go right ahead.”

7. Definitiona. Full form

[Term to be defined + verb to be + General Class + relative pronoun + specific characteristics]

Ex. Zoology is the study which is concerned with animal life. b. Reduced form

[Term to be defined + verb to be + Gen. Class + specific characteristic]

Ex. Zoology is the study concerned with animal life.

8. * Shall we go to the living room? (to signal an invitation)

* Shall I go to the living room? (To ask information as to what one is to do)