PED 392CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 6: Self-Concept, Identity, and

Motivation

Erik Erickson

Development is a lifelong process

Stages of Psychosocial Development 8 stages that progress from birth through adulthood

Stages of Psychosocial development

Trust vs Mistrust Birth to 1 year

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt 1 to 3 years

Initiative vs Guilt 3 to 5 years

Industry vs Inferiority 6 to 10 years

Stages of Psychosocial development

Identity vs Role Confusion 10-20 years

Intimacy vs Isolation Early Adulthood

Generativity vs Stagnation Middle Adulthood

Integrity vs Despair Late Adulthood

Forming an Identity

Forming an identity involves committing oneself to a set of beliefs values and adult roles.

Children progress through Erickson’s stages to help form their identity.

Definitions

Temperament The ability to inhibit responses, shift attention and

manage emotions

Attachment A close, affective relationship formed between a child

and caregiver(s).

Basic Emotions (pg 344)

Disgust Active rejection

Fear Active withdrawal

Anger Forward movements to eliminate obstacles

Sadness Passive withdrawl

Basic Emotions (pg 344)

Shame Avoiding others, hiding self

Guilt Punish self, make things right with others

Pride Outwardly showing ones accomplishments

Emotional Development (pg 346)

Infancy Basic emotion

happiness, fear, sadness, interest, surprise, anger, disgust

Early Childhood (2-8 years) Understands others have emotions Self conscious emotions

shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy, pride

Emotional Development (pg 346)

Middle Childhood (8-14 years old) Understands multiple emotions occur at same time Understands rules for displaying emotions

Middle and late Adolescence (14 years & up) Reflects on emotions Increased moodiness Ability to hide emotions

Emotional disorders

Hyperactivity Short attention span, impulsiveness

Aggressive / self injury Acting out, fighting

Withdrawl Retreat, failure to engage, fear and anxiety

Immaturity Temper tantrums, crying, poor coping

Learning difficulty Performing below grade level

Definitions

Self-concept Beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and ideas people have

about themselves

Self-esteem An evaluation of our traits, abilities, and

characteristics.

Developmental changes in self representation in childhood

Toddler and early childhood Observable characteristics focused on abilities,

activities and possessions (I go to school)Early and middle childhood

Simple traits, positive representations (I am nice)Middle and late childhood

Comparisons, positive and negative, focus on abilities and interpersonal skills (I am good at X, but struggle with Y).

Developmental changes in self representation in childhood

Early Adolescence Simple, focused on skills related to interactions with

others (I am cheerful, especially with friends)Late adolescence

Reflect personal beliefs, values and morals (I am X, but I value Y)

Identity formation

Ethnic identity Backgrounds and beliefs

Gender Female and male traits (pg 375) Gender role Socialization

Attitudes and behaviors appropriate for genders, according to society

Racial Backgrounds and beliefs

Stereotypes

General beliefs made about people based on common understandings or societal beliefs

Can be true, but often are not, always have exceptions. Women are more flexible than men Men are stronger than women

Definitions

Intrinsic motivation Internal sources such as curiosity, interest, enjoyment

and striving for mastery and growth.Extrinsic motivation

Needs external pressures or incentives to accomplish the task.

Self Efficacy People’s own assessment of their ability to perform a

given task given the current circumstances.