Pearson Longman PoliticalScience Interactive
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Transcript of Pearson Longman PoliticalScience Interactive
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Pearson LongmanPoliticalScienceInteract
iveShea, Green, and Smith
Living Democracy, Second Edition
Chapter 13:Interest Groups
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Interest Groups
Motivation to Join Interest Groups
Single-issue interest groups
Multi-issue interest groups
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Pathways of Action: LULAC
League of United Latin American CitizensFounded 1929 700 councils, 115,000 members Successful in advocating for LatinosProvides services, encourages volunteerism
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Functions of Interest Groups in a Democratic Society
1. Represent constituents2. Provide means of
political participation3. Educate the public4. Agenda building5. Serving as government
watchdogs
Five functions of interest groups in the United States
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
The Interest Group Explosion
• 1959: 5,843
• 1970: 10,308
• 1980: 14,726
• Mid-1990s: 22,200
Why has there been such a large growth in interest groups over the last 40 years?
Number of national-level interest group organizations
in the United States
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Types of Interest Groups
Economic Groups Public Interest Groups
Think Tanks and Universities
Governmental Units
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Difficulties in Mobilization
Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action (1971)– Free-rider problem– Cost of group
formation– Lack of a sense of
political efficacy
What are some of the barriers to collective action?
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
Selective benefits can be used to overcome organizational barriers
Material benefits
Solidary benefits
Purposive benefits
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
Membership Required
Unions are a good example.
Some employers make agreements to only hire union workers.
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
The Role of Interest Group Leaders
Cesar Chavez and the UFW
Grew up as a migrant worker1962, organized National Farm Workers Association UFW formed from NFWA and other organizations Led march across California Hunger strike
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Pathways of Change From Around the World:Kris Woodall
Worked with Richard Ellarby to found the Coalition of Hull’s Young PeopleWorked to change city ordinances, and to help an Afghani asylum seeker
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Inside and Outside Lobbying
Inside Lobbying
Openly appealing to public officials in the
legislature and executive branches. Involves “gaining access”
to an insider in the lawmaking process.
Outside Lobbying
Appealing directly to the public in order to influence officials. 90
percent of interest groups engage in this
type of lobbying.
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Student Profile: Alia Alnahas
High school student2006, founded United Student ActivistsPeace through nonviolent political action, healthy energy sources, healthy environment
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Pathways Profile: Recording Artists Coalition
Founded in 1998 by Don
Henley and Sheryl Crow Represents recording artists Uses legal pathways, grassroots mobilization, and public events
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Grassroots Mobilization PathwayGrassroots
Mobilization
The identification, recruitment,
and mobilization
of constituent-
based political strength capable of influencing political decisions.
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Traditional Tactics
1. Direct contact2. Direct mail3. Events and
activities4. Mass demonstrations5. Boycotts6. Litigation
Grassroots Mobilization Pathway
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Newer Tools
1. Advertorials2. Advertising3. Sponsored
television shows4. Blogs5. Email campaigns6. Use of Internet to
organize
Grassroots Mobilization Pathway
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Campaign Activities
Most interest groups take part in electoral politics by rating
and endorsing candidates.
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Interest Group Influence
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
The Importance of Money in Mobilization
Uses of Money – Money is needed to recruit members, hire staff, rent offices, pay overhead, and raise additional funds.– Groups with large resources often have an advantage.
Fundraising Tactics– Dues from members, direct mailings, direct contact, personal appeals, Internet fundraising, and sale of goods and services