Pearl millet hybrid parents research at ICRISAT: Strategy, impact and research partnership
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Pearl Millet Hybrid Parents Research at ICRISAT: Strategy, Impact and Research Partnership Science with a human face About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scienfic informaon: hp://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Dec 2015 SK Gupta and M Govindaraj This work has been undertaken as part of the Internaonal Crops Research Instute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India Research Strategy ▪ Fully aligned with the regional priority for Asia, leading to research targeted to hybrid development. ▪ Focused on strategic research and development of improved breeding lines and hybrid parents (A/B pairs and R lines), leaving hybrid development, tesng and release to the public and private sector breeding programs. ▪ Grain yield, farmer-preferred traits and downy mildew (DM) resistance as the major selecon criteria. ▪ Partnership-based approach to research priority seng. Thus, thrust on dual-purpose plant type targeted for >400 mm rainfall zone, and a research iniave on blast resistance, cytoplasmic diversificaon, forage traits, heat tolerance and bio forfied grains (high Fe and Zn). ▪ Capacity building for partners in NARS and the consorum seed companies an integral part of ICRISAT’s pearl millet improvement program. Output and Impact ▪ Strategic research informaon of long-term applied value (eg, cytoplasmic male sterility, heterosis, screening and breeding methods, resistance sources, pathogenic virulence, heteroc pool formaon, molecular marker development and QTL idenficaon). ▪ Diverse range of improved breeding lines and hybrid parents adapted to various agro-ecoregions. ▪ More than 80 hybrids under culvaon on about 5 million ha, contribung to on-farm culvar diversity and prevenng the outbreak of any major downy mildew epidemic. ▪ Most of these hybrids are from private sector; and at least 60-70% are based on ICRISAT-bred male sterile lines (A-lines) or on proprietary A-lines involving ICRISAT breeding lines. ▪ Wider hybrid culvar base with high yield potenal and DM resistance, leading to increase in pearl millet producvity (from about 539 kg/ha during 1986-90 to 1,186 kg/ha during 2010-15 registering a 120% improvement, which is highest among all food crops) (Figure 1). ▪ About 70-80% of the hybrids from the public sector programs tested in All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project (AICPMIP’s) inial hybrid trials in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were developed using ICRISAT-bred A-lines. Of the 29 public sector hybrids released and nofied during the last 15 years, 22 hybrids (ie, 75%) involved ICRISAT-bred A-lines in their parentage (see Box 1). Figure 1. Five-year moving average for pearl millet area, producon and grain yield in India. Table 1. Pearl millet breeding lines selected and seed samples supplied from the sciensts field day selecons. Descripon Field Day (year) Public Private Total Number of parcipants 2012 22 38 60 2014 31 38 69 Number of lines selected 2012 712 2484 2782 2014 1302 1668 2523 Number of samples supplied 2012 1304 4941 6245 2014 2677 1339 4016 Box 1. Pearl millet hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines AICPMIP Inial hybrid trials 2012 2013 2014 Total Total hybrids tested 82 79 92 253 No. of public sector hybrids 43 39 48 130 No. of public sector hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines 28 27 40 95 Public sector hybrids nofied during 2000-2014 No. of hybrids 29 Hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines 22 ICRISAT’s consortium approach to hybrid parents research: What does it deliver? ▪ Enhances research capacity at ICRISAT arising from partnership with and funding support from consorum seed companies, which in turn, leads to large scale selecon of breeding materials and hybrid parents and thus contributes to the diversificaon of the genec base of breeding programs both in the public and private sectors (Table 1). ▪ Provides a plaorm for the seed companies to present their observaons, voice their concerns and generate an instuonal response to address those concerns (eg, blast virulence, panicle compactness, heat tolerance and forage traits). ▪ Provides a number of the specialized services (eg, screening of private sector lines and hybrids for resistance to specific types of downy mildew, blast and rust, for grain Fe and Zn content). ▪ Provides specialized training in breeding, pathology and molecular marker technology through structured programs. Also provides technical guidance. ▪ Supports nucleus seed supply. ▪ Facilitates networking. ICRISAT appreciates the support of CGIAR donors to help overcome poverty, malnutrion and environmental degradaon in the harshest dryland regions of the world. See hp://10.3.1.36:8080/icrisat-donors.htm for full list of donors. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Area (m ha) Production (m t) Yield (kg./ha) Area (m ha)/Production (mt) Grain Yield ( ) Year Kg ha -1
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Transcript of Pearl millet hybrid parents research at ICRISAT: Strategy, impact and research partnership
Pearl Millet Hybrid Parents Research at ICRISAT: Strategy, Impact and Research Partnership
Science with a human face
About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.orgICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org De
c 201
5
SK Gupta and M Govindaraj
This work has been undertaken as part of the
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, India
Research Strategy ▪ Fully aligned with the regional priority for Asia, leading to
research targeted to hybrid development. ▪ Focused on strategic research and development of
improved breeding lines and hybrid parents (A/B pairs and R lines), leaving hybrid development, testing and release to the public and private sector breeding programs.
▪ Grain yield, farmer-preferred traits and downy mildew (DM) resistance as the major selection criteria.
▪ Partnership-based approach to research priority setting. Thus, thrust on dual-purpose plant type targeted for >400 mm rainfall zone, and a research initiative on blast resistance, cytoplasmic diversification, forage traits, heat tolerance and bio fortified grains (high Fe and Zn).
▪ Capacity building for partners in NARS and the consortium seed companies an integral part of ICRISAT’s pearl millet improvement program.
Output and Impact ▪ Strategic research information of long-term applied
value (eg, cytoplasmic male sterility, heterosis, screening and breeding methods, resistance sources, pathogenic virulence, heterotic pool formation, molecular marker development and QTL identification).
▪ Diverse range of improved breeding lines and hybrid parents adapted to various agro-ecoregions.
▪ More than 80 hybrids under cultivation on about 5 million ha, contributing to on-farm cultivar diversity and preventing the outbreak of any major downy mildew epidemic.
▪ Most of these hybrids are from private sector; and at least 60-70% are based on ICRISAT-bred male sterile lines (A-lines) or on proprietary A-lines involving ICRISAT breeding lines.
▪ Wider hybrid cultivar base with high yield potential and DM resistance, leading to increase in pearl millet productivity (from about 539 kg/ha during 1986-90 to 1,186 kg/ha during 2010-15 registering a 120% improvement, which is highest among all food crops) (Figure 1).
▪ About 70-80% of the hybrids from the public sector programs tested in All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project (AICPMIP’s) initial hybrid trials in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were developed using ICRISAT-bred A-lines. Of the 29 public sector hybrids released and notified during the last 15 years, 22 hybrids (ie, 75%) involved ICRISAT-bred A-lines in their parentage (see Box 1).
Figure 1. Five-year moving average for pearl millet area, production and grain yield in India.
Table 1. Pearl millet breeding lines selected and seed samples supplied from the scientists field day selections.
Description Field Day (year) Public Private Total
Number of participants
2012 22 38 602014 31 38 69
Number of lines selected
2012 712 2484 27822014 1302 1668 2523
Number of samples supplied
2012 1304 4941 62452014 2677 1339 4016
Box 1. Pearl millet hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines
AICPMIP Initial hybrid trials 2012 2013 2014 Total
Total hybrids tested 82 79 92 253
No. of public sector hybrids 43 39 48 130
No. of public sector hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines
28 27 40 95
Public sector hybrids notified during 2000-2014
No. of hybrids 29
Hybrids based on ICRISAT-bred A lines
22
ICRISAT’s consortium approach to hybrid parents research: What does it deliver? ▪ Enhances research capacity at ICRISAT arising from
partnership with and funding support from consortium seed companies, which in turn, leads to large scale selection of breeding materials and hybrid parents and thus contributes to the diversification of the genetic base of breeding programs both in the public and private sectors (Table 1).
▪ Provides a platform for the seed companies to present their observations, voice their concerns and generate an institutional response to address those concerns (eg, blast virulence, panicle compactness, heat tolerance and forage traits).
▪ Provides a number of the specialized services (eg, screening of private sector lines and hybrids for resistance to specific types of downy mildew, blast and rust, for grain Fe and Zn content).
▪ Provides specialized training in breeding, pathology and molecular marker technology through structured programs. Also provides technical guidance.
▪ Supports nucleus seed supply. ▪ Facilitates networking.
ICRISAT appreciates the support of CGIAR donors to help overcome poverty, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the harshest dryland regions of the world. See http://10.3.1.36:8080/icrisat-donors.htm for full list of donors.
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