Pearl HarborMary Katherine Davis

Crowder

4th Block

Timeline of December 7, Timeline of December 7, 19411941

6:00 a.m.- The first wave of Japanese fighter planes take off from ships anchored 6:00 a.m.- The first wave of Japanese fighter planes take off from ships anchored north of Hawaii. north of Hawaii.

6:26 a.m.- Japanese planes start to see Oahu, and the sunrise, but are fighting to see, 6:26 a.m.- Japanese planes start to see Oahu, and the sunrise, but are fighting to see, due to the overcast skies.due to the overcast skies.

7:02 a.m. hours- A training army lieutenant, is training in the radio-network 7:02 a.m. hours- A training army lieutenant, is training in the radio-network operations center, at Fort Shafter, when he spots planes about 70 miles away from operations center, at Fort Shafter, when he spots planes about 70 miles away from Hawaii, but he doesn’t report it to his trainer.Hawaii, but he doesn’t report it to his trainer.

7:33 a.m.- Code breakers in Washington, decode a message sent from Japan, which 7:33 a.m.- Code breakers in Washington, decode a message sent from Japan, which makes them think they want to fight. They send this message to Hawaii, but it won’t makes them think they want to fight. They send this message to Hawaii, but it won’t reach them, until after the fact.reach them, until after the fact.

7:49 a.m.- Commander Mitsuo Fuchida issues the attack, be exclaiming, “Tora! Tora! 7:49 a.m.- Commander Mitsuo Fuchida issues the attack, be exclaiming, “Tora! Tora! Tora!,” which means they have surprised their enemy.Tora!,” which means they have surprised their enemy.

7:55 a.m.- The first wave of Japanese planes bomb the anchorage, striking the 7:55 a.m.- The first wave of Japanese planes bomb the anchorage, striking the Helena, Utah, and Oklahoma battleships.Helena, Utah, and Oklahoma battleships.

8:10 a.m.- President Roosevelt hears of the attacks8:10 a.m.- President Roosevelt hears of the attacks 8: 35 a.m.- The first wave of attacks ends8: 35 a.m.- The first wave of attacks ends 8:50 a.m.- United States Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, receives a note from the 8:50 a.m.- United States Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, receives a note from the

Japanese government, calling of all peace treaties, and alliancesJapanese government, calling of all peace treaties, and alliances 8:54 a.m.- The second wave of attacks start8:54 a.m.- The second wave of attacks start 10:00 a.m.- The first wave of planes, reach their ships victoriously.10:00 a.m.- The first wave of planes, reach their ships victoriously.

What was Pearl Harbor?What was Pearl Harbor? Pearl Harbor was a Pearl Harbor was a

surprise attack on the surprise attack on the United States by the United States by the Japanese. Two waves Japanese. Two waves of Japanese fighter of Japanese fighter planes dropped bombs planes dropped bombs on the American naval on the American naval base, in Oahu, Hawaii. base, in Oahu, Hawaii. Killing and injuring Killing and injuring thousands of thousands of Americans, and Americans, and destroying hundreds of destroying hundreds of America’s battle ships. America’s battle ships. This event eventually This event eventually lead to World War II. lead to World War II.

Where it took placeWhere it took place

Pearl Harbor took Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, place on December 7, 1941 at the Pearl 1941 at the Pearl Harbor Anchorage in Harbor Anchorage in Oahu, Hawaii. This Oahu, Hawaii. This anchorage was the anchorage was the American naval base. It American naval base. It affected all of Hawaii, affected all of Hawaii, and destroyed the and destroyed the United States Navy. United States Navy. Here is a map of the Here is a map of the anchorage.anchorage.

Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt President of the United President of the United

States at the time of Pearl States at the time of Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

He delivered the famous He delivered the famous “Fireside Chats,” and on the “Fireside Chats,” and on the day of Pearl Harbor, he day of Pearl Harbor, he announced to the United announced to the United States, that they were under States, that they were under attack, and would soon be in attack, and would soon be in a war with Japan. a war with Japan.

He helped strengthen the He helped strengthen the United States military, and United States military, and declared war on Japan.declared war on Japan.

Sadly, he died just weeks Sadly, he died just weeks shy of the end of World War shy of the end of World War II of a cerebral hemorrhage. II of a cerebral hemorrhage.

Mitsuo FuchidaMitsuo Fuchida Captain in the Imperial Captain in the Imperial

Japanese Navy Air Japanese Navy Air Service.Service.

Was one of the pilots Was one of the pilots that dropped bombs that dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor.on Pearl Harbor.

Best known of leading Best known of leading the first group of the first group of Japanese fighter Japanese fighter planes to Pearl planes to Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

Emperor HirohitoEmperor Hirohito Emperor Hirohito was the Emperor Hirohito was the

emperor of Japan during emperor of Japan during World War II.World War II.

He was the 124He was the 124thth emperor emperor of Japan, and he would of Japan, and he would reign the longest out of all reign the longest out of all of them. of them.

Surprisingly, Emperor Surprisingly, Emperor Hirohito wasn’t for the war, Hirohito wasn’t for the war, he actually tried to stop it.he actually tried to stop it.

After the two atomic After the two atomic bombs at Hiroshima and bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito made his first public radio made his first public radio announcement, declaring announcement, declaring that Japan had surrendered that Japan had surrendered the war. the war.

What caused Pearl Harbor?What caused Pearl Harbor? Pearl Harbor was a day, Pearl Harbor was a day,

that still horrifies many that still horrifies many Americans. 67 years Americans. 67 years ago, on December 7, ago, on December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor, 1941, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, America’s Naval Hawaii, America’s Naval Base was attacked by Base was attacked by Japanese fighter planes. Japanese fighter planes. The thoughts crossing The thoughts crossing most American’s minds most American’s minds was why us, why now? was why us, why now? That question was soon That question was soon to be answered.to be answered.

CauseCause

During the 1930’s and During the 1930’s and 1940’s, all Japan wanted 1940’s, all Japan wanted was to create an empire. was to create an empire. They planned to take over They planned to take over China in this quest. First, China in this quest. First, the Japanese over ran the the Japanese over ran the Chinese government, and Chinese government, and in 1937, they began to put in 1937, they began to put China into a submission. China into a submission. With this plan failing, the With this plan failing, the Japanese decided the best Japanese decided the best way to defeat China was to way to defeat China was to cut-off their relationships cut-off their relationships with the outside world. with the outside world.

CauseCause

One of these relationships One of these relationships was with the United States. was with the United States. Japan began to close all of Japan began to close all of China’s ports, causing raw China’s ports, causing raw materials not to reach materials not to reach China. This outraged the China. This outraged the United States, and other United States, and other countries as well. To try countries as well. To try and stop this problem , the and stop this problem , the United States halted all United States halted all raw materials and goods raw materials and goods from entering Japan, they from entering Japan, they then offered to re-send then offered to re-send these goods if Japan would these goods if Japan would leave China alone.leave China alone.

CauseCause

This deal of course This deal of course outraged Japan. They had outraged Japan. They had wanted to become an wanted to become an empire for many years, empire for many years, and they weren’t about to and they weren’t about to quit that dream any time quit that dream any time soon. So Japan had a soon. So Japan had a decision to make, either decision to make, either take the deal the United take the deal the United States offered, and States offered, and stopping their attempts to stopping their attempts to take over China, or fight take over China, or fight back. What do you think back. What do you think they did?they did?

Results to Pearl HarborResults to Pearl Harbor

In President In President Roosevelt’s famous Roosevelt’s famous speech, he called the speech, he called the attacks, “ a date which attacks, “ a date which will live in infamy.” will live in infamy.” Soon after, he declared Soon after, he declared war on the Japanese war on the Japanese empire. He broke off all empire. He broke off all government government relationships with the relationships with the country as well.country as well.

ResultsResults After, President Roosevelt, and the United States Congress After, President Roosevelt, and the United States Congress

declared war, America joined World War II, on the Allies declared war, America joined World War II, on the Allies side. With tragedy and war, in every American’s mind, side. With tragedy and war, in every American’s mind, many banded together, to help fight of Japan. Many men many banded together, to help fight of Japan. Many men enlisted in the army, while at home, the women took over enlisted in the army, while at home, the women took over their jobs. The pearl harbor attack caused many American’s their jobs. The pearl harbor attack caused many American’s to hate anyone of the Asian decent, so to ensure America’s to hate anyone of the Asian decent, so to ensure America’s safety, all men and women of the Asian or Japanese decent safety, all men and women of the Asian or Japanese decent were placed in concentration “war relocation camps”, this were placed in concentration “war relocation camps”, this movement is known as the Japanese American internment. movement is known as the Japanese American internment. After many years of fighting, the United States had a After many years of fighting, the United States had a decision to make, either keep fighting, and let many decision to make, either keep fighting, and let many American’s keep dying, or drop the deadly atomic bombs. American’s keep dying, or drop the deadly atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on the On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city, Hiroshima, and a second was dropped on Japanese city, Hiroshima, and a second was dropped on August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki. These bombs killed over August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki. These bombs killed over 200,000 Japanese civilians, while also causing a devastating 200,000 Japanese civilians, while also causing a devastating blow to Japan, forcing them to surrender the war. blow to Japan, forcing them to surrender the war.

Could it have been stopped?Could it have been stopped?

After it was all over, many After it was all over, many began to ask themselves if began to ask themselves if Pearl Harbor could have Pearl Harbor could have been avoided. Well the been avoided. Well the answer was yes, it could answer was yes, it could have been avoided. have been avoided. Several months before the Several months before the attacks, the United States attacks, the United States Army intercepted a Army intercepted a message warning the U.S. message warning the U.S. about the attacks, but they about the attacks, but they took no actions in seeing if took no actions in seeing if the message was true. the message was true.

Could it have been stopped?Could it have been stopped?

On the day of the On the day of the attacks, just outside of attacks, just outside of the naval base, a the naval base, a Japanese midget Japanese midget submarine had been submarine had been sunken. Several jets sunken. Several jets had been spotted on had been spotted on the radar, but they the radar, but they were assumed to be were assumed to be American planes American planes coming back from a test coming back from a test run. There were many run. There were many opportunities to stop opportunities to stop this surprise attack. this surprise attack.

Speech made by President Franklin Speech made by President Franklin Roosevelt, the day after Pearl Harbor.Roosevelt, the day after Pearl Harbor.

Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:

Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have to the very life and safety of our nation. As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.empire.

Primary Source Primary Source

President Franklin President Franklin Roosevelt’s speech, Roosevelt’s speech, was addressed to was addressed to the United States on the United States on December 8, 1941, December 8, 1941, a day after the Pearl a day after the Pearl Harbor attacks. In Harbor attacks. In his speech, he his speech, he asked Congress to asked Congress to declare war on the declare war on the Japanese. Japanese.

Work SitedWork Sited

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White, David. "The Attack on Pearl Harbor." White, David. "The Attack on Pearl Harbor." Social Studies for KidsSocial Studies for Kids. 2002. 11 May . 2002. 11 May 2008 2008 <http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/pearlharborattack1.htm>. <http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/pearlharborattack1.htm>.

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