Peace Researcher 1986

8/9/2019 Peace Researcher 1986

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TE LITy it Burgss

THE TECICAL COOPERATIOPROGRAMME

T Tcnicl Crtin Prgrmm TTCP) is crtiv rsrc nd dvlmnt rgrmmwic inlvs Austrli Cnd Nw Zalnd, tUnitd Stts nd t Unitd ingdm T rgrmm is sid t dsignd t rmt rgulrxcng f infrmtin nd t fstr cllrtiin f dfnc cinc nd cnlgy NZlnd s invitd t jin in 969 nd in 970witut ulic nnuncmnt cm n ctivmmr f t Sucmmitt n NnAtmiRsrc nd vlmnt NAMRA) TTCPrts y frming Surus c f wic cvrs fild f scinc rltd t dfnc T currntTTCP surus cvr t fllwing flds Arnutics viurl wns lctrnic wrfrinfrrd nd lctrtic snsrs, mtrils rdrnd undrs wrfr

T Nw Zlnd M sys tt cus f urmr limitd scintic mnwr rsurcs nnrrwr rng f intrsts w r ctiv nly islctd Surus nd v cncntrtd urffrts n undrs wrfr rticulrly n snrs it mritim nvirnmnt, mtrils rnutics nviural scincs

Nw Zlds wrk in undrs wrfr sincludd mjr jint xrimnt cnductd witHMNZS Tui in t Sut Fiji sin in cnjunctiwit t Unitd Stts t xlr t rltinsitwn trms nd t sscitd undrwtr niswc ffcts t rfrmnc f sumrindtctin systms

Ars f cncrn Nw Zlnd cm cmmttd mmr f TTCP witut cnsulttiwit t Nw Zlnd ulic r rlimnt nd nrfrnc s n md t t rgrmm in Mnnul rrts r t 193 fnc Rviw NwZlnd i cntriuting t rsrc nd dvlmnin ntisumrin wrfr nd is ssing n civmnts in t ld witut rsrvtin t nuclrwr Survivl f strt sumrins is wll dcumntd s ing critil t cntinud ffctivdtrrnc

Cis f t 9219 rrts rrd y tTTCP Strit my wrt rqusting Tis s fr n dnid undr Sctin 6A & B f tOfficil Infrmtin Act

(2) THE AU MARAR AGREEMET

T ANZUS MARSAR grmnt is cminANZUS rtinl rrngmnt fr crtin imritim suillnc T dtils f t rrngmnt

r clssid nd r nt vill fr rls ity t vrnmnt f Nw Zlnd r AustrliHwvr t grmnt is knwn t cncrnwit t uvillnc f cn trritry nd cmmitll mmrs f ANZUS t ctiv rtictin 98 ring dcumnt rrd r Sl

Cmmitt n isrmmnt nd As Cntrldscris ANZUS MARSAR s cmindAustrlin Nw Zlnd nd Unitd Stts rtinl rrngmnt fr crtin in mritimsuvillnc T dcumnt singls ANZUS MARSARut s t nly grmnt dirctly sscitd wit tANZUS dfnc trty nd invlving nly tANZUS rtnrs ANZUS MARSAR is n indictinf w imrtnt mritim survillnc is t NwZlnds cntriutin t ANZUS

3 AGREEMET EWEE EW EALADAD AUTRALIA CHIEF OF TAFFREGARDIG A PLA FOR COMIEDMARITIME URVEILLACE OPERATIO(1975).

Acknwldgd t xist y t Nw Zlnd Mdut clssid undr Sctins 6 A & f t OfcilInfrmtin Act

THE RADFORDCOLLl AGREEMET

T RdfrdCllins Agrmnt ws riginllysignd y t Unitd Stts nd Austrli in 9 ndrvidd fr n grd divisin f rsnsiilitis frt suvillnc nd trking f t Svit t in tPcific nd Indin Ocns Undr t grmntdsigntd rs f ts cns wr llctd t tRy Austrlin nd Unitd Stts nvis

In 197 t grmnt ws rvisd nd rtinf t Pcic ws sulctd t Nw Zlnd TAustrlin r f rsnsiility lis gnrally sutf t qutr twn t midPcific nd t mdndin cns T r st f tis qudrngl ifrm ut 170 Est t 60 Wst) s t r ssigndt Nw Zlnd T ficil dscritin f RdfrdCllins y t Nw Zlnd M is tt t grmnt 'rvids fr t crdintin f nvl cntrlnd rtctin f siing in t Indin nd PcicOcns

T rtis t t grmnt r t nvl utritis in Australi Nw Zlnd t nitd Stts fAmrc nd t Unitd ingdm T Agrmntrquirs cnsulttin nd mutu grmnt rir tny cmind rtins

Undr t RdfrdCllins Armnt NwZlnd is xctd t min tin t ncssry dlymnts nd trl t src tis r i Sut

Wst Pcific nd t scur Nw Zlnds ky r ndnv iii tir ginstt cntingncy f Unitd Stts r lld us

Nw Zlnd crris ut its rssilitis undrt RdfrdCllins Agrmnt y mlying itsOrin lng rng mritim trl ircrf wic rin t rcss f ing mdrnisd Ts ircrft rsd t RNZAF Bs Aucklnd t Wnui utls rt ut f minimlly quid ss in Find t Ck Islnds Ty r ing ignicntly ugrdd wit t instlltin f t Bing Univrslisly nd Cntrl Systms UCS), wic iscmtil wit ll snsrs in us r undr dvlmnt fr LRMP ASW nd wn dlivry systms.Nw Znd frigts r ls dlyd t crry utt cmmittmnts nd HigFrquncy irctinFinding fcility s n stlisd t Tngimnin t Nrt Islnd fr t urs f icking urd nl nd lcting tir surc Fr tn d in


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Marh 1982 a ommand po exerie (PX) waaged b he Uned Sae and allie o e ombined proedure under he adfoolin gree-men. The exerie wa deribed a 'a word wideaal onrol of Shipping exerie b he ewZealand MoD repor for 1982. Thi wa repeaed in1983 under he ie o al

( THE COMBINED EXERCISE AGREEMENT(COMBEXAG

n agreemen whih goern a exerie in whihhe 'Wee parner are aoiaed.

nowledged o exi b he ew Zealand MoDbu aified under Seion 6 & B of he Offiianformaion .

( THE COMBINED COMMUNICATlONS-ELECTRONICS BOARD (CCEB)

Thi i aording o he ew Zeaand MoD a ienaion join Miiar ommuniaionEeroniOrganiaion whoe miion i he oordinaion ofan Miliar ommunaion Eeroni maer

whih i referred o i b a member naion Thiinlude he reponibili for he eablihmen ofhe onen, forma and releae poli of lliedommuniaion Publiaion (PS) and generaluppemen hero The Board i ompoed of hehead of he ndiidual naion jin MiliarommuniaionEeroni Organiaion Themember naion of he EB are uralia anada

ew Zeaand The Unied Kingdom, and he UniedSae.

The organiao appear o hae ome abou ueo a ommon dere among he member naion oahiee a meaure of ommuniaion ineroper

abili beween hip and airraf of aied naie haoperae ogeher ea on a regular bai Under heaupie of he EB ommon proedure boo andflee operaiona orine a we a ommon radioommuniaion hae been adoped n addiion heUnied Sae and he Unied Kingdom in pariuar,releaed high grade rpographi em forommon ue Similar, radio ommuniaionequipmen fied in hip of TO and ommonwealh naie began o be an agreed andard

ew Zealand beame a full member of heombined ommuniaion Eeroni Board inSepember 1972

( THE NAVAL COMMAND, CONTROL ANDCOMMNICATIONS ORGANISATION

The oal e Zealand a i a member of horganain long wih uraia anada, he UniedKingdom and he nied Sae The aim of he organ-iaion aording o he ew Zealand MoD i 'oreiew he ineroperabii requiremen n ommandonrol and ommniaion o aif USZ-UKUS operaion onep Thi i aheed breiewing area of nonineroperabili and heireffe on USZUKUS naa operaion and o

reommend o higher naional auhoriie oure ofaion o reoe uh probemThi organiaion i reaed o he EB and ere

a a ommuniaon forum where in eroperabiliproem an be idenied diued and reoed

Zeaan bame a fu mmber n 98

(8 THE AIR STANDARDISATIONCOORDINATG COMMITTEE (ASCC)

The S originaed in 1947 when i wa agreedha he air fore of he Unied Sae Unied King-dom and anada houd hae a apabii o onduombined operaion n addiion i wa agreed hahe air fore hould be abe o proide eah oherwih erain eenia erie

The origina doumen of he S ead 'arfore whoud be abe o gh ogeher n erainhare n pariuar i hould be poibe in heearl age of a fuure war for he air fore of oneounr o be abe o operae from he bae ofanoher ounr before he arria of heir ore andequipmen T mean ha a far a poibe hehr airore houd be b o ue eah oher ared and bae organiaion ommuniaion,operaiona proedure naigaional aid, bomb andauniion

The oal ew Zeaand irfore beame aignaor o he agreemen in 1965

The objeie of he S i o ahiee uienandardiaion among he air fore of he Snaion o enure ha in he ondu of ombined airoperaion here wi be a mnimum of operaionamerial and ehnia obae o ful ooperaionand o enable eenia uppor faiiie and ogiiupor o be proided for airraf of he oher Sair fore The aainmen of he S objeie iprimari ahieed b he negoiaion of formaagreemen nown a air andard among membernaion.

Thee agreemen whih oer a wide eld ofoperaiona and ehnia ubje inlude airborneeeroni em, airraf armamen air naiga-ion and weapon direion and airfied and aireldfaiiie.

The ew Zeaand MoD i in he proe ofdeiding wha informaion reaing o he S anbe reeaed Of pariular inere, of oure, are heagreemen hemee and a 981 ud b heD orporaion of he S ommiioned bhe USF Variou repor of he Managemenommiee and Woring Parie wi alo be ofinere

(10 THE AIR TARGETING MATERIALS

PROGRAMMEThe ew Zeaand MoD pin ou a aninfrmaion on an form of argeing aii iaied under Seion 6 & B of he Ofialnformaion

The MoD, howeer anowedge he exiene ofh agreemen

2 MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ONFET SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSNEW ZEALAND UNITED STATES OFAMERlCA1982

B 1982 he ew Zealand defene eablhmenha deided o operaional deplo urfae hipoufied wih ulrahigh frequen (UHF) aelieomuniaion Fee Broada reepion apabi-ie Under hi agreemen he Unied Sae agreed oup rou deene ae a ee ug


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4UH alle acce uppo o RNZN ulaone aemen uaaneed one cannel e Indancean ado Pacc UN lee aelle oadcawould b locaed o alled ue bu e aeemenalo eed a would be ona wen avalabeand noneee ba w UN Pacc andIndan ean lee opeaon

( KSA SIGNALS INELLIGENCEAGREEMEN

The KUSA (United Kingdom, United States,

Australia' Agreement govens cooperation andexchang in signals intelligence (SIGINT). Describedas quite likely the most secret agreement ever enteredinto by the english speaking world, it is so closely

held that it has rarely been shown to M!sters

Defence or Prime Ministers. There is saidto be only

one cop in New Zealand and this rests with tePermanentHead ofthe Prime Minister's Department,as Chairman of the New Zealand Intelligence Council.

e New Zealand Mn o Deence undecon 0 o e cal Inomaon Ac wll

nee onm no den e exence o nonexence o e UKUA Aeemen.e UA Aeemen wc n ac a e

o aeemen excane o lee and memoandao undeandn povde a e pacpaaence andade e emnolo code wodnecep andln pocedue and ndocnaonoae o ecenc a wll a ecu I a de

exenon o e coopeaon and ecane aemen eabled dun e econd Wold Wa

Membp f r KUA Amexend eond e naon emboded n aconmI n c a vepoweed eed aeemen wc

eable e Uned ae a pa o eea ad an anada Aula and NeZealand a econd pae

In ec e aeemen bn oee unde anle umbella e IGIN oanaon o e vpowe namel e U Naonal ecu Aenc(NA e UK Govemen ommuncaon HeadQuae (GHQ Aual Deence nalDecoae (DD anada ommuncaonecu Eablmen (GE and New ZealandGovenmn ommuncaon ecu uea(G

Unde e aeemen e ve naon dvded e

ea n pee o IGIN collecon eponblw eac naonal GIN aenc aned peccae accodn o poenal o maxmum e-cep coveaeoncen e level o ecec a uund eaeemen and abence o publc cun e e-accal ucue o e aeemen w e Unedae a pa and all oe a econd and dpae e amoun o powe aoded ome ndvdual and ence pv o cean nomaon b emeod o excane and copamenalaon onellene e elucance o e Uned ae a pa o pa on nellence unle n e

epe nee o e Uned ae New Zealanddependence upon e Uned ae o nelencewc could eul n e doon o New Zealanddeence poue ben vulneable o mnmaon

( MEMORANDM OF NDERSANDING ONLOGISIC SPPOR EWEEN HEGOVERNMEN OF NEW ZEALAND ANDHE GOVERNMEN OF HE NIEDSAES (

A conoveal documen aeemen waannounced b New Zealand and Amecan deenceocal a an eenon o a 65 pac wc

eabled e uppo New Zealand could expec oeceve om e Uned ae n peace me 65 pac oweve conaned no cpocal locuppo acle and aned New Zealand auancea loc maeal and evce o amed ocewould be obaned 'equvalen n melne andeecvene o a povded Uned ae amedoce

e 82 oc uppo Aemen conanncan povon o e bene o e Unedae I comm New Zealand povde epaacle and uppl bae o Uned aemla oce and n ac all no a paen o

aeemen eabled elewee n e woldocall emed Ho Naon uppo Aeemene aeemen povde alo o e 'pepoon

n o Uned ae weapon em n NewZealand a well a munon ammunon and oeeplove belonno e Uned ae

( POLICY GIDELINES AGREEMEN FORERCISES INVOLVG FORCES OFASRALIA NEW ZEALAND AND HENIED SAS. DECEMER ANDREVISED

aeemen acknowleded o ex b e

New Zeand Mn o Deence bu eman claed unde econ 6 & o e cal Inom-aon Ac

( AeA ARMIES PROGRAMMEASRALIAN RIISH CANADIAN ANDAMERICAN)

poamme aoe ou o e co coopeaona exed beween e mao all dun WoldWa 11 e boad obecve o e poamme wa oenue a ee would be no mao equpmen andecncal obacle o coopeaon amon e

AA Ame and o oban mamum economfrm u fmbnd r and ffrNew Zealand became an aocae membe n

65 enal coodnaon o A onon wok cad ou b e Pma anddaon cen e Und ae A e wokn level o eAA Poamme ae Quadae WoknGoup (QWG eac o wc cove a unconalaea uc a Amou Inan ommand andonol A Deence and omba Deelopmen

ee oup mee om me o o excanenomaon on cuen and uue equpmen andacc and onae Quadpae andadaon

Aeemen (QAG


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RCC P O RC RPO O RD/UF GOBy Bob Leonard

The article in Peace Reseacher No entitled" AWhistle from Space to Trigger Trident was respondedto by two American workers at the Siple station on

heir return o ciilisat!on i Febrary They stopped at the Chstchurch Star to give theirviews on theallegations of militay research made by the authors,Robert Aldridge and William Whistler. One of theSiple team engineer Bill Trabucco also spoke witheace Researcher' about the topic ust before departng o hom i Cona

The Siple worers do not deny the technical basisof the alegations n the Peace Researcher article.Their main point of emphasis is that they believe theresearch is unlikely to lead to any practical commications system using pulsed LF (very low frequency signals In other words the acknowledged

terest o the US Navy in the research is essentiallyas alleged by ldridge and Wstle.Mr Trabucco has been involved in the work at

Siple since the early 70s He played an mportantrole in adapting the surplus Na transtter for useat Siple in 19 That work included increasing theransnttg powe rom 100 kilwatts to approx-mately 150kW Tha the Navy st happened to havean old transmittr to give to the Stanford esearchteam rings a bit hollow Aldridg notes in a recentleter to eace Researcher that hese same two Spleworkers Evans Paschal and Trabucco, described thetransmitter in the Antarctic Journal (October 9)

as the only acility he world capable oftransmtting signicant radio power at frequencies aslow as 1 kilherz

In his letter, lddge went t explain that thetransmiter might logically have been jnstalledbytheNavy at its own research centre at utler Manewhere ULF utr low requency experime ;ts havbeen attempted But twas installed at Siple insteadbecause the Anartic lcation s unique in theSouthern Hemisphere for the desired research husto mximie returns the Navy could simple delarthe trnsmitte surplus and give it to Siple stationsaid Mr Aldridge

Bill Trauco mentioned various types of lowfrequency eperiments conducted a Siple Some ofthese have included the L pulsing described byAdidge and Wsler as a possible bais for identsubmarne communication, but the experiments havefaied urthermre, he stated that the atmospheric

Siple Saion

an magnetospheric conditions necessary or theexperiments even to be attempted are rather rare Healso expected that nuclear explosions in space mightdisrupt ULF signals beng trnsmitted at the otset of

a nuclear conict Tis technical pint would berelevnt to conditions after the onset of a nuclearexchange, but would not invalidate the Aldridgethesis that the Siple VLFUL research miht ultimately play a role in a US irst strke.

Peace Researcher notes the sincere reassurancesofaschal and Trabucco that Sple is accommodatingpure research only But e share the concerns ofRoert Aldridge that "This delusion is the olly ofmany enthusiastic engneers nd scientists connectedwith universities Military departments on't supportany poect unless it has mlitay vlue and manymlitary prgrams are disgised as pure research or

bic reearch', under the administration of socalledcivlin agencies At Siple the principal agencies arethe National Science Foundation and StanfordUversty

n his discussion with Peace Researcher MrTrabuco suggested that the Siple station might beforced to cloe within about two years becau of therelntless crushing of buildings by ce Nevethelesshe ntipaed more workwould be done in the 167 summer season ndthat j migh well include coniud e tenson of the second he 2 m ngz antennae to 42 km Tha work Quld notbe oeted his past season although the cnstruc

tion oys have already been pad to the pivateconatp taon was reopened in the sumer of

185/6 e a two year losue due to lack offuig earch will continue oer the comingw a mal scientic sa. Winter is the mstpodc ason for research at Sipe An portan uesti would seem to be what is the future of

i? f coses soon ur a conces will

e es no close continued operaion willpaly eqire substantia newundg nd clies ew ativitie wold be oe and reptedy eaers in New Zealand nd he

I

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6 BG BRTHREA TO THE OVIET PACIFC FLEET

b Denni Smll

The rowh of he Soie nder Admirlorho i conidered o be one of he mjrreic deelopmen ince World Wr Bein hemo iible expreion of Soie power i i ofenrepreend he mo drmic exmple of he

Soie Thre o he We B od he reer prof he Sie ill coni of rfce wrhind bmrine wih limied cpbiliie o opereon he pen ocen le lone o chllene Weerndominne of he hih e ( A comprion in982 of USUSS nl em echnolo leel bhe US Deprmen of Defence eed he U.SS perir onl in one ceor mine wrfre (2n ll oher, he USS conine o l wellbehind e US

Wile leiime concern hold foc on hefre delopmen of he Soie nd ipoible expnion in he direcion of lobl ine-

enion rher hn elfdefence cpbili i cler h he U.S.S. crren nl force reeerel liied in heir power projecion b cobinion f fcor Thi iion will exi well inhe foreeeble fre

n he followin dicion emphi i plced ohe Pcifc nd o ome exen AniSbmrineWrfre AS in h reion The conerence ofeorphicl nd echnoloicl lnerbili in hece of he Soie Pcic Flee i lo enerllpplcbl h oh on whr h So opere Tod, he Pciic i becomin epec-il inificn n re of perpower rilr nd

poenil blerond ) Thi reion i incre-inl bec o he proce of ncler miliriio i lo he foc of US propnd cmpin oeep Z nd oher nion wihn he ncler fold

ConstrantsThoe criicl of Americnled propnd, whic

coninll llee Soie hre o he WeerSe Lne of ommnicion SLO), he rilmde mch of he eorphicl corin on hSoie y o onl do he Soie he o diideheir ino for epre ee he Pci, orhern Blic nd Blc Se Flee b heflee ll need o nie nrrow hnnel beforrechin he min ocen. The U S. nd i lliecold cloe hee chnnel in mine nd nmeronibrine plne hip nd brine 4

A Dr Pric rri pin o here h been coninin erch b i rdiionll lnd-bed power for reic erimeer nd hi erchh en he form of nl ph owrd from heErin coninen 5) Thi reic perimeerbrodl prllel he lne of Soie ble wer cce.Proecion of he in coline nd of he bll-iic miile bmrine ee SSB) remin heprincipl of he Soie (

Sovit ObjctvsThe qeion of Soie nl expnionim cn bereoled ino wo bic qeion ) wh rSoie oecie? nd b) how cpble re he

"Today, the Paciic is becoming especiallysignificant as an area of super-power rivlryand a potential battleground . it also thefocus of a U.S. propaganda campaign to keepN.Z and other nations within the ncear

fold

in

f chiein hee objecie? Some con-eie nl llow heir bie connl con-fond heir nwer o hee qeion. Theemphie he hre he ee i o lime Soieworld domnion in conrdicion o ome of he er fc he mrhll in ppor of heir heiFor innce while wrnin of Sie reion,rri noe h he Soie objecie m be opreen n effecie llince mon in pn ndhe US 5 hi objecie bicll defenie oroffenie When rri refer o he Soie deire orercre blnce of power which h oredhe US ince 4 he ndere e problem now

fced b he USS in h he inore he reepoWorld Wr rercrin of he blnce ofpower in he Fr E he SinoSoie pli ndbeqen SinoAmericn cooperion Thi Soieebc obiol indced mch of i bi mlirbild p drin he eenie. ine percen of herel increed Soie rond force in he Fr Ere direced in hin nd i roin nclercpbili. 3) rri himelf dmi h heSoie defenie perimeer from Aden o he Krilei eno be"

nysts Dr Dr Ale, oed one of he few wrier

of he d on mriime re, i noher whooffer confed inerpreion of Soie inenionnd cpbiliie 6 She emphe he Soiepoenil o inerdic SLO e reconie h recenSoie bmrine cii in he Pcic m be oconer rowin UShinee cooperion whichm pper hreenn" A he me ime he h Weern nd llied SLO will become een morelble, nd empin re ien i cooperionA if he Soie wold rionll ri he cone-qence of inerdicin SLO when ch cionwold ineibl elici no onl mie jin reiion b er probbl rier lobl holocAle fnie een rn o he effec h heU.SS wn o conrol Arli merl bo remoe prcicble poibili cn beimined

Anl Pl Dibb enior reerh fellw in heSreic nd Defence Sdie enre he Arlin ionl Unieri nd former depdirecor of he oin nellience Orniion in heArlin Deprmen of Defence, rihl emhiehe in percepion of he hre from he

rowin relionhip beween hin, he U.S ndpn n crii Soie fore wold fce nenormo rr of enem re power nd onl reliel few, lrel obolecen bmrine wold beilble for he inerdicion of por nd SLO inhe enire Pciic nd ndin Ocen" (7


7/12

The drawing at ight and photo below are from theUS Government publication 'Soviet Milita Power5 e Pentagon stresses the size of the Russianphoon-Class SSBN In fact the Typhhoons sizemakes it vulnerale to tracking by US ASW fores

reater size tha n the US ident but less repoer and greater vulnerability.

Confic Poniametimes thse wh beieve there is a serius

viet threat ur seaanes even indirety aknwede the absurdity f their wn sitin CatainJhn Mre ditr f Janes ihtin his atystates The frms f maritime nt are s variedthat the hans f an esaatry ress are rbabyhiher at sea than esewhere 8) Yet the Ameriansthemseves are esaatin the nit tentia at seaWith the urrent U iy f aressive and unred-itabe marime maneuvres eseia in theNthern Pai the n brder where viet andU. fres dirty nfrnt eah ther the riss faiden ta war invvin he suerwers have mutiied itniny (9) rmer U PaifCander, dmira bert n, has stated thatthe Asia/Pa rein is ms rbaby where wesha wnes nntatin with the viet Unin"10) imiary in 183 the Cmmnder in Chief fthe U Paii eet Admira yvester ewarned f tentia nit in the uth China ea11)

Cam anh BayThe Weste LO sare stems frm a auatedraanda statey n the art f the U. Navy12) At resent in the Pai it akes its mstnrete frm with reset t the viet deymentat Cam anh ay Ardin t an artie in Janes

efene Weeky The fat that the viet nw haveCam anh ay means that the ifeine f the West inthe uth China ea wi be ermanenty threatenedby the ears Caw ) uh nern has beenfaithfuy ehed by ur wn Minist f Defene14)

n the anes Defene Weeky artie ited abvethe Cam anh ay base is variusy desribed as a

threat t the OC, the U bases in the Phiiines, China to Jan e wth th potentialenemies and thers ressin s se in n it theviet Unin is virtuay ressured int brain utthruh what it must reaistiay see as an enirinhstie aiane inifianty, the viet Unin wasrst ven reuar aess t bases in Vietnam in 17after China attaked Nrthern Vietnam in rerisa frHanis invasin f amuhea. And anis in-vasin was in resnse t hmer ue attaks

The Western miitarist y is either t suestthreats t individua untries r t sust a vaueeneraised threat and t inre the fat that any

seius maritime enaement wud ineitay nitiatea hain reatin invvin a the wers in the reinn it nfused way the Janes artie itsef atuayaknwedes that the ussians ud nt e withthe Ameris ane t states that even if the Uwee t penently ply an airrat arrir ttl

7


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Th Fst Fv Muts of Wa"h U S. cifc ommnd hs nw ssiv

osu, is ll owd ssu MiimSy, which dicly hns h Sovi SSBNsshlin in h Ss ofn nd Okhosk (1 (3US Nvy Scy ohn hmn hs sd hUS ck submins would o ft Sovi SSBNsin h is v minus of h w" h sywould b suod by l h s of U.S Ani-

submin Wf sysms cn ss os hvhihlihd his sy 28) hus h Sovis now vn findin hi SSBN sncuis undh; SSBN suvivbiliy is ssnil fo h Soviss hd ins suis ck nd s s mnsofnsuin suvivbl dn foc

ny Set efforts d h SSund h Acic i bin cound by wholn of S mus o loc hs bos dinc sch, ob Aldid, consids h hUS ldy h viully fis sk ASWcbiliy 2

h S is udin is nvl focs fo nuclw nucl suvivbl" 1 diion/lco-mnic uls ouhnd shis nd vn omhwk cuis missil sv fo soclld WoldW IV (3) (30).

h Sovis m b in h cic s n fo holdin cin" if w bok ou whildicin hi imy ffo in Euo 18 hSovi Nvy would b fomidbl dfnsiv foclon is cific cosl ion (1) U.S Nvldominnc in h s of h cic in boh convnion n nucl ms is wll documnd hush l h o c in h cc is no Sovi

Nvl xnsion b h US olicy of ov ovoc-ion on h hih ss h jus mih sul in convnionl confnion oin idly nucl

REFEREE E(I ) Th ove Nav - Sl Second Bes The

Deece Moor vol XI, No. 7 Centre ForDeence onatio, Washigon .D. 1985Calogue tem No 733, New ZeaadNua Free oe Commee, P ox 18541

Chihuch)

(2) Word ARmamens and Disarmaments Stockholm teroa eace Research InsttueYeabok1984 p 92

(3) A W & Fiedhouse R. The Pacc ch7i Nue aleds: Gobal Lnks i heArms ce allr ub o Iiue orPoicy Studie Wasgon D.C, 1985.

(4) USSovie Mary acs, TDM vol XHI,No. 6 184 (!ZNFZC No 61)

(5) Gariy Dr Sove Policy n he Fr Eas"AsiaP\ J" ovohtovsk Py .-L HOKKAID \ (k7/ Vaosok -

.. / NOREA.\ Sa o aa PAIFiC OCEANS. KOREA " H)NSHU -t Tokyo

, ;'s.SJS"\;

(12) Klare, MT Beyond he Vetnam Syndrome:.S. eentonsm the 1980s SWahgon D. 1981.

(1 Janes eence Weel y, July 2 19 p.

(14) The Pres' ctober 221984

(15) acific Defense Reporter Ocober 1984, p39

(16) The Christian Science Montor, une 2228,185 ADFFaIl 1985

(17) For he oiginal able see aobs, G Russasacifc ASW Problems", DR May 184

(i8) Figures baed on ne Fightig Ships 19851986.

(19) Dismame ad Arms Conrol Repot ofThe Seec Commitee on Foregn Aairs andDece 1985, p.

(20) Wsey T he Sovet acfic Fleet, Peacead Juse ForumWellingto Lbour Regiona Coui Box 2851 Wellngon celentpaper!

(21) ego, Dr M Submarine Suveillance Soveye", DW July 28 1984, pp 117-12l .

(22) ee eace Researcher, No 614

(23) The Natonal Tmes Mrch 30Aprl 51984

(NZNFZC No. 415)

(24) Aia-acc Defese Forum Summe 1984

(25) Pacific Defense Reporer December 1985/anuary 1986 p 28)

(26) Cole M . Pacfc Frst Strike" Chain ReactionNo 29 Sprng 1982

(27 n 1982 he Cee for Defece nomaiopojnted out that the Sove had 100 submarines ess han they had had 10 years earler.

TD.M. vol , No. 61982(28) For example The Star aua 9 1986

(29) Adridge RC Backgroud Paper o SovieSubmae VulnerabiliyDecember 30 184(NZNFZC No. 73).

(30) Asa-Pacic Defense Forum, all, 1985.


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10 RVO O U/Z UBRRFR GR

'PEACE ESEACHE h btind nwinmtin ltin t th viin tw imt-nt US/NZ mnt n cmbind AntiSubminW (AS tin h mnt ddllin nd NZUS MASA nd

dd by th Nw Zlnd vnmnt tmly ntiv n

Cnd i l ty t th Amnt Cndtuck u ct 67 ct with th UnitdStt llwin und ctin cnditin t US ASW nucl wn n Cndi il

mnt h inity Dnc h n t ccinclld n Stin 6A & B th Ocil InmtinAct in un t l dtil th AmntDcitin th nl inicnc bthAmnt vidd in HE S in hi i 'PEACE ESEACHE

* Nw Zlnd mitim nibility dnd by th Amnt mu 7 millinqu mil, cvin th cily dilydn th m blw.

Nw inmtin ltin t th viin ddCllinnd ANZUS MASA :

'",-"r ."' ,

* In th vnt ddCllin nd ANZUSMASA Amnt bin invkd Nw

Zlnd wuld b xctd t mintin tinl cntl it dind nibiitybut nt ll cmmnd

* Nw Zlnd wuld b xctd, und th tm th Amnt t k ky i ciliti ndnvl ut ciliti n th u llidc A llw n t th viin NwZlnd wuld xct t civ utmtic it-nc mt likly in th m AntiSubminW wny ibly vn nucl dthch. i viin w md n cnitin Nw Zlnd limitd ASW cbiliti in cm-in t h lli

Nav in a Nonnuclear War Might Hit A-Subse Yk e

WASHINGTON, jw 6 - The Nayh uay ckuwdg tha\jur lIu CUlil bukc

t W1 the UIH.-d tat n cun, It ngh k I itak VLbm


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'PEAE REEARERRch Ju END P 0 Bx 63,CHITCHUCH

Peace Researcher 1986

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