Peace Operations in Africa...1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973...
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Peace Operations in Africa Paul D. Williams George Washington University ACSS September 14, 2018 UN story African story Partnership story
Transcript of Peace Operations in Africa...1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973...
Peace Operations in Africa
Paul D. WilliamsGeorge Washington UniversityACSSSeptember 14, 2018
UN story
African story
Partnership story
UN Peacekeeping Expenditures, 1947-2018(US$ millions current not adjusted for inflation)
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1000
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7000
8000
9000
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
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1961
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1977
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1981
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1995
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2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
UN Uniformed Peacekeepers, 1991-2017
Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz (Brazil)
Dos Santos Cruz Report (2017)
Purpose“to propose practical, implementable and effective recommendations to reduce peacekeeping personnel fatalities and injuries from acts of violence.”
DiagnosisThe UN flag no longer offers natural protection.Many peacekeeping contingents suffer from “Chapter VI syndrome,” which has prevented them from adapting to new challenges posed by some contemporary armed conflicts.UN fatalities blamed on “deficiencies in training, equipment and performance.”
PrescriptionChanged mindsets;improved capacity;threat-sensitive mission footprints, using massed and mobile forces;enhanced accountability mechanisms.Recommendations on 18 issues to reduce fatalities and serious injuries to UN peacekeepers, particularly from ambushes and attacks on their bases.
943 UN peacekeepers killed by malicious acts
RECs/RegionsUN
Agencies, partners, NGOs
PSC: Peace & Security Council (2004), PSC Protocol (2002)ASF: African Standby Force (2003)CEWS: Continental Early Warning SystemPoW: Panel of the Wise (2007)APF: Peace FundMSC: Military Staff CommitteeCADSP: Common African Defence & Security Policy (2004)
APSA
RECs/RMs
UN AGENCIES, PARTNERS
/NGOs
Peace and Security
Council (PSC)
Continental Early Warning
System (CEWS)
African Standby
Force (ASF)
Common African
Defence and
Peace and Security
Council (PSC)
Continental Early Warning
System (CEWS)
African Standby
Force (ASF)
Common African
Defence and Security
Policy
Panel of the Wise (PW)
New Partnership for Africa ’s
Development (NEPAD)
Military Staff Committee
(MSC)
Continental Early Warning
System (CEWS)
African Standby
Force (ASF)
Common African
Defence and Security
Policy
CADSPNew
Partnership for Africa ’s
Development (NEPAD)
Military Staff Committee
(MSC)APF
PSC
MSC
PoW ASF
CEWS
Member States
AMU,ECOWASECCAS, IGAD,
SADC, CEN-SAD, EAC, COMESA +
EASF, NARC
AU Commission
EU
Bilateral Partners
AU Peace & Security Council Members (from April 2018)
2-Year Members(Term ends March 2020)
3-Year Members(term ends March 2019)
LiberiaSierra Leone
Togo
Nigeria
Gabon
Angola
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Equatorial Guinea Kenya
Egypt
Congo
Djibouti
Morocco
Rwanda
Mission Location Duration Size (approx. max) Main Task(s)AMIB Burundi 2003-4 3,250 Peacebuilding
MIOC Comoros 2004 41 Observation
AMIS (into UNAMID) Darfur 2004-7 c.7,700 Peacekeeping / PoC
Special TF Burundi Burundi 2006-9 c.750 VIP Protection
AMISEC Comoros 2006 1,260 Election Monitor
AMISOM Somalia 2007- 22,126 Regime Support
MAES Comoros 2007-8 350 Election Support
Democracy in Comoros Comoros 2008 1,350 (+450 Comoros) Enforcement
RCI-LRA Central Africa 2011- c.5,000 Enforcement vs LRA
AFISMA Mali 2012-13 9,620 Enforcement / Peacebuilding
MISCA CAR 2013-14 5,961 Stabilization / PoC / DDR
MNJTF vs Boko Haram Lake Chad Basin 2015- 10,000 Enforcement vs Boko Haram
MAPROBU (not deployed) Burundi 2015- 5,000 PoC
ECOMIG The Gambia 2017- 7,000 Stabilization
G5 Sahel Joint Force Sahel 5 2017- 5,000 Stabilization of G5 area
SAPMIL Lesotho 2017- 260 Stabilization
Hybrid
Parallel Sequence
Support
AMIBAFISMAMISCA
ONUBMINUSMAMINUSCA
TF BURRCI-LRA
ONUBMINUSCA
AMISAMISOMUNAMID
AMISOMAU PSOD + Force
HQ
EUallowances +
EUTM for SNSF
African TCCsUganda, Burundi,
Kenya, Djibouti, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia
Bilateral train & equip(esp. US
[Bancroft], UK)
Bilateral donors
(e.g. Turkey, China, India)
UN(UNSCR mandates + UNPOS/UNSOM,
UNSOA/S, Trust Fund)
Parallel Operations:
Ethiopia, Kenya, SNSF + US
strikes
Partnerships in Practice: The Case of AMISOM
