The Stanford Peace Innovation Lab

A new way of using technologies in Silicon Valley

Piero Scaruffi

Peace Innovation Lab

Stanford University

peaceinnovation.stanford.edu

The world we live in

• Human lives are being captured at scale and resolution never possible before.

• These data allows us to study human behavior in ways not possible before.

• We can understand human behavior (notably social interaction) in quantitative terms

A.I.

• The two schools of Machine Intelligence

– A.I. = Artificial Intelligence

– A.I. = Augmented Intelligence

SRI Intl and Xerox PARC

McCarthy and Minsky

Peace = Positive Engagement

• A quantitative definition of “peace”: positive human engagement

• Improving the existing “positive engagement” generates new wealth for the city

• Eg: sharing economy (Airbnb), crowdsourcing, social media, makers movement, open-source movement, service design…

Peace = Positive Engagement

• From coordination to cooperation to collaboration

Peace = Positive Engagement

• From coordination to cooperation to sustainable peace

Which technologies can be used for measuring peace and improving peace (among people, groups, cities…)?

Why should you care?

People’s ability to create new

wealth directly depends on

how “good” they can be to

each other

Augmenting Collective Intelligence: “Peace Technology”

• Augmenting individual intelligence: your PC, your smartphone, your robot…

– Generates new wealth for the individual (friendship, partnership, harmony,...)

– Generates new wealth for firms (innovation , cooperation, R&D…)

– Generates new wealth for the city, province, nation (economic growth, public services, …)

So what is Peace Technology?

PeaceTech is a mediating technology

that measurably augments people’s

ability to positively engage with each

other - and especially to create new

wealth together – through the use of

technologies.

Peace Design Loop

• The Cybernetic Loop: Sensors - Communication - Computation - Actuator

Peace Design Loop

Peace Technology:From Big Data to Augmented Intelligence

• IoT enables to measure peace

• Big Data helps measure peace

• Deep Learning helps understand peace

• Sharing Economy improves peace

• Blockchain can improve peace?

• Virtual Reality can improve peace?

• …?

Peace Technology:An impossible project or the future of tech?

3D printing

A.I.

Wearables

Nanotech

BIG DATA

Internet of

Things

Block-chain

Sharing/Crowd

SPACE

BIOTECH

materialsmaterials

batterieschips

batterieschips

nanolabs

resourcesfunding

datadatadata

security

security

analytics

artifacts

artifacts

Peace Technology

• Emile Durkheim: The city is a living organism

• “Cities are the world’s experimental laboratories” (Parag Khanna, New America Foundation)

• David Kilcullen: most human violence is going to happen in cities

• The city has rich quantitative data

• Cities are kinds of “peace engine”

Peace Technology

• Stanford Peace Labs:

– Denmark: Morten Karnøe Søndergaard

– Berlin: Anne Kjær Riechert

– Holland: Ulrich Mans

– Paris: Annie Gentes

– Buenos Aires: Juan Manuel Menazzi

– Bolivia: Orla de Díez

– Tunis: Dorra Mahbouli

– …

– China?

Peace Technology

• New instruments sense new aspects of the world and enable new applications

• Peace Technology generates new kinds of wealth that didn’t exist before

Peace Technology

• Augmented Intelligence for

– Individuals

– Firms (intra-communication, CRM)

– Universities (interdisciplinary research)

– Cities

– etc

Peace Technology

• Augmented Intelligence for

– Firms (intra-communication, CRM)

• United Airlines incident is an example of negative engagement

• Corporations need to learn how to engage customers

• The peace dividend: you can charge more

Peace Technology

• Augmented Intelligence for

– Cities

• Manor Labs (Texas)

– One of the first municipal innovation labs in the Gov 2.0 movement

– an incubator for government innovation

– A model for government agencies around the world

– Lessons in citizen-government engagement

– National and international publicity

Peace Technology

Augmented Intelligence for

Cities

Manor Labs (Texas)

German chancellor Angela Merkel visiting the Berlin Peace Innovation Lab

Peace Tech for Airport Security

• 2017: Transportation Security Administration (TSA) launches an experiment with 3D scanning technology at airport checkpoints

• Homeland Security published the entire dataset on Kaggle for machine learning

• Passenger Screening Algorithm Challenge

Peace Tech for Cyberbullying Prevention

• Vivek Singh @ Rutgers

Peace Tech for Well-being

• Well-being (conflict between your habits and your health)

• Vivek Singh @ Rutgers

Peace Tech for Children

• Analysis of children’s social and communicative behaviors based on video and audio data: "Decoding Children’s Social Behavior" (2013) by Jim Rehg at Georgia Institute of Technology.

• Child's Behavior Dataset

Augmented Intelligence forInsoluble Problems

• Augmented Intelligence for “wicked problems” and “messes”

– Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber: “wicked problems” (1972)

– Russell Ackoff: “messes" (1974)

– Wicked problems are not isolated, they are sets of problems, each one influencing others

Augmented Intelligence forInsoluble Problems

• Augmented Intelligence for “wicked problems” and “messes”

– What are the indicators that a positive transition is underway?

– Sustainable solution to wicked problems: a phase transition of the system

Messes

• Visualizing big data

29Bob Horn’s digital murals

Wicked Problems and Messes

Wicked Problems and Messes

31

Neeraj Sonalkar’s IDN

Case Study: SSIM at SRI

DARPA's Strategic Social Interaction Modules (2011-15): to train soldiers on how to engage with civilians in war zones

• “Kinetic training" is about fighting skills

• “Blended training" is about social skills

SRI Intl, UC Berkeley, UC Santa Cruz, UC Davis

Case Study: SSIM at SRIPsychological/anthropological research on what

constitutes positive social interaction (good social skills)

A VR-based simulation of social interaction using a rule-based A.I. (UCSC)

A multimodal system to capture human interaction - verbal, gestural, facial communication (SRI)

A notation to tag social interactions (UC Berkeley)

A dataset of annotated gestures - a way to measure what constitutes a positive interaction (UC Davis)

Deep-learning A.I. to automatically detect positive social interaction (SRI)

Ajay Divakaran

SRI Intl & Princeton

Michael Neff

UC Davis

Darius Mehri

UC Berkeley

Mohamed Amer

SRI Intl

Brian Lande

UCSC

Case Study: SSIM at SRI

Goals:

• Define "essential social interaction predicates" (ESIPs)

• Investigate the interactive and cooperative aspects of the social interactions (i.e. detects ESIPs)

• decompose this meaningful events (these ESIPs) into constituent actionable behaviors

Results:

• A dataset of social dynamics, Tower Game

• An A.I. system to detect ESIPs

Peace Innovation Lab

• The solution: open innovation

• Crowd-thinking!

• Collective learning in multiagent systems

Peace Innovation Lab

• From Computational Social Science to Technology Park:

– A methodology to discover needs in society

– A factory of 100s of startups

– A social innovation park

Work with us!Start a “peace technology lab” in your city…

We speak Chinese…Contact:Jinxia Niudearnarnia@qq.comWechat: 18367115526