-is adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and entered into force in September 1990

- It recognizes for the first time the children's rights that should be protected and promoted.

Four Categories of Rights• Survival Rights – covers the child's right to life

and their basic needs.

• Development Rights – it compasses freedom of thought, conscience and religion, access to appropriate information, education and cultural activities.

• Protection Rights- recognizes the vulnerability of the child by preserving their identity and nationality.

• Participation Rights- allow children to take an active role in their communities and nation.

Rights & Responsibilities• While we expect our rights to be

respected, protected and promoted, we should also be willing to undertake the corresponding responsibilities.

• When we exercise our rights we need to take care that we do not violate the rights of the other person.

• Example: Teachers rights and responsibilities.

• Students rights and responsibilities.

PEACE THEME 2: Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

• Gordon Allport (1958) asserts that humans have a propensity toward prejudice

• Prejudice – is the negative feeling or attitude towards a person with lack of basis.

• Stereotype – negative opinion about a person or group based on incomplete knowledge

• Discrimination- negative actions toward members of a specific social group

8 types of Prejudice• Racism- the belief that one’s cultural or racial

heritage is innately superior to others.

• Sexism- a system of attitudes, actions and structures that subordinates others on the basis of their sex.

• Heterosexism- negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.

• Classism- distancing from and perceiving the poor as “the other”.

• Lingualicism- negative attitudes which members of dominant language (Che-Hayes, Chen & Athar, n.d)

• Ageism- negative attitudes held against the young or the elderly.

• Lookism- prejudice against those who do not measure up to set standards of beauty.

- Usually victims ate the overweight, the undersized & the dark skinned (Nario-Galace2003)

• Religious Intolerance- prejudice against those who are followers of religious other one’s own.

Education for Tolerance & Respect

Tolerance- (UNESCO, 1995) is respecting, accepting and appreciating the rich diversity of cultures & various forms of human expression.

- It aims to counter influences that lead to fear & discrimination

B. Harro (1982) asserts that human are born with stereotypes and prejudices already in the society.

PEACE THEME 3: Promoting Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the refusal to do harm to other human as life is sacred & has an absolute value.

Examples: people power revolution, Mohandas Gandhi in India that led to the Hindu from the British occupation and Martin Luther King, Jr. in the U.S.A that results to the passage of the Civil Rights of 1964 & Voting Rights Act of 1965 that is also providing rights to the Black People.

Steps in doing Nonviolent Direct

Action

1. Collect data to ascertain that injustices exists.

2. Raise consciousness of people about the issue.

3. Organize constituents and build coalitions.

4. Nonviolent struggles would be the employment of

the various methods of nonviolent action.

PEACE THEME 4: CHALLENGING the WAR

SYSTEM

• War is classical or international if it occurs between rival groups within a state.

• Aggression is the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state (www.un-documents.net).

• A Major Armed Conflict is defined by Project Ploughshares (2006) as a political conflict in which armed fighting involves the armed forces of at least one state or more.

Possible Causes of War• The Penguin Atlas of War and Peace (2003)

indicates that wars today are concentrated in the

poorest countries.

• Territorial Disputes- Huth (1998) as the dis

agreement between states or groups within a states

over their homeland or borders should be fixed.

• A lack of tolerance for differences

• Ideological or power struggles

• A history of colonialism and the process of

decolonization.

• Competition for resources

The Effects of War

• Massive death

• Poverty

• Depths

• Destroys property

• Create fear and trauma among the population

• Disrupts children’s education

• Raze opportunities for tourism

PEACE THEME 5: SHARING THE EARTH’S

RESOURCES

The Human Development Report (2003) indicates that of the world’s 6 billion people, 1.2 billion live on less than $1/day.In the Philippines, 4.7 million families or 26.9%

of the population were poor in 2006.According to the data from the National Statistical

Coordination Board, more than one-quarter (27.9%) of the population fell below the poverty line the first semester of 2012, an approximate 1 per cent increase since 2009. This figure is a much lower figure as compared to the 33.1% in 1991.

Hunger and poverty are the symptoms of these violence.

Other Cause of Poverty

• War and Armed Conflicts

• Political systems and Corruptions

• Inequitable distribution of wealth and resources

• Environmental conditions

• Underemployment

• Lack of Education

• Over consumption

• Greediness

PEACE THEME 6:RESOLVING and

TRANSFORMING

CONFLICTS

Conflicts is from the Latin word conflictus which means striking together with force.

It occurs when ones actions or beliefs are unaccepted to and resisted by the others.

Dealing With Anger in a Conflict Situation

Ways to Change the Form of Anger

1. Recognize that you are angry.

2. Distance yourself from the situation.

3. Release anger physically in indirect form.

4. Use relaxation techniques- breath deeply.

5. Calm your mind- talk to yourself.

6. Apply therapeutic techniques.

7. Turn to spiritual support.

8. Use social support

9. Redirect energy.

Thank you for listening!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Prepared by:

s

Ms. JECHEL CUTIB ANGGO

BSED- II