Peace Corps CED Training Guide: Information Collection and Exchange(ICE)Center for Field...

8/14/2019 Peace Corps CED Training Guide: Information Collection and Exchange(ICE)Center for Field Assistance and Applied

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N Mk ` ` y e c v s Im k e k` c m

Fi|i gkx ` ie v $MIF#

V z n c e c e o Oy c f i

l k z Xi n m i Mk z x } \ k g y e v i i z }

Xinmi Mkzx}:88:

Celkz`nvcke Mkggimvcke nef Itmdneoi

Xyjgcmnvcke Ek% @88


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Ce lk z`nv cke Mk ggim v cke nef Itm dneoi

Vdc} xyjgcmnvcke wn} xzkfymif js vdi Xinmi Mkzx} Mieviz lkz Lcigf N}}c}vnemi nef Nxxgcif

Zi}inzmd% Cv c} fc}vzcjyvif vdzkyod vdi Celkz`nvcke Mkggimvcke nef Itmdneoi $CMI#% Lkz lyzvdiz

celkz`nvcke kz nffcvckeng mkxci}' xgin}i mkevnmv CMI nef ziliz vk vdi CMI Mnvngkoyi ey`jiz vdnv

nxxinz} ke vdi xyjgcmnvcke%

Celkz`nvcke njkyv CMI xyjgcmnvcke} nef }iz|cmi c} n|ncgnjgi vdzkyod2

Xinmi Mkzx}

Xnyg F% Mk|izfig g Xinmi Mkzx} Dinf~ynzv iz}

Mieviz lkz L ci gf N}} c} vnemi nef Nxxg cif Zi}inzmd

Ce lkz`nv cke Mkg gimv cke nef Itm dneoi

>>>> :8 v d ]vzi iv ' E%_% Lclv d Lgkkz

_n}dceov ke' F%M% :89: 2 Yefiz}vnef ceo Mk`` yec vs Imkek`cm Fi|igkx`iev

@kfygi :2 Mcv crie Xnzv cm cxnv cke ce MIF

@kfygi =2 Fi|igkxceo n MIF ]vz nvioc m N oiefn

@kfygi 6 2 C`xgi`iev ceo n MIF ]vzn v io cm Noiefn

@kfygi 92 @kecvkz ceo nef I|ngynv ceo n MIF ]v znv iocm N oiefn


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N MIF Vznce ceo Oycfi lkz Xinm i Mkzx} \kg yev iiz}

C e v zkfym v cke


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N MIF Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz}

Cevzkfymvcke >

CEVZKFYMVCKE

Vdc} oycfi wn} fi|igkxif }ximclcmnggs vk }dkw Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} $XM\}#

wds nef dkw mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev $MIF# c} y}if vk c`xzk|i

cefc|cfyng} nef ln`cgci} imkek`cm wigg-jiceo% N} sky fk vdi nmvc|cvci} ce vdc}

oycfi nef zinf vdi vitv' sky wcgg fc}mk|iz vdi xkvievcng kl MIF ce itxnefceo

mk``yecvci} imkek`ci} nef jycgfceo vdi mnxnmcvs kl mcvcrie} vk vnai

zi}xke}cjcgcvs lkz vdicz kwe imkek`cm lyvyzi% Vdi oycfi c} jn}if ke vdi

itxizciemi} kl MIF ozkyx} vdnv lcz}v jimnì nmvc|i ce vdi Yecvif ]vnvi} ce vdi

>3 Xzk`kvi} ne yefiz}vnefceo kl MIF js mkevzn}vceo cv} yec~yi

nxxzknmd vk n `kzi vznfcvckeng imkek`cm fi|igkxìev nxxzknmd%

Mkzi MIF nmvc|cvci} nzi itxgnceif vk nllkzf n lyggiz

yefiz}vnefceo kl MIF mkemixv}%

@kfygi : ]vzi}}i} vdi xnzvcmcxnvcke kl mcvcrie} ce MIF nef xzi}iev}

vimdec~yi} vk cemzin}i nef `ncevnce xnzvcmcxnvcke%

@kfygi = Fc}my}}i} xznmvcmng ìvdkf}onvdizceo mk``yecvs celkz`nvcke

nef fimc}cke-`naceo vimdec~yi}lkz xgneeceo n MIF }vznviocm

noiefn

@kfygi 6 Fc}my}}i} c`xgi ievceo n MIF }vznviocm noiefn%

@kfygi 9 Xzk|cfi} ne k|iz|ciw kl xnzvcmcxnvkzs `kecvkzceo nef i|ngynvcke

nef fc}my}}i} cv} c`xkzvnemi ce jycgfceo mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs nef

ce onvdizceo celkz`nvcke lkz xzkbimv }vnaidkgfiz} nef vk c`xzk|i

vdi MIF xzkbimv%

MIF c} n xzkmi}} js wdcmd mk``yecvci} iednemi vdi ~yngcvs kl gcli kl vdicz

zi}cfiev} js mzinvceo eiw mk``yecvs nef jy}cei}} wingvd nef jycgfceo vdi

mnxnmcvs kl zi}cfiev} vk vnai mkevzkg kl vdicz kwe imkek`cm lyvyzi% Cv c} vdi

}imkef okng kl MIF' jycgfceo zi}cfiev} mnxnmcvs vk vnai mkevzkg kl vdicz kwe

imkek`cm lyvyzi' vdnv `nai} MIF n yec~yi imkek`cm fi|igkxìev }vznvios%

MIF} mnxnmcvs-jycgfceo }vznvios c} mke}c}viev wcvd vdi lkggkwceo Xinmi Mkzx}

xzkozn``ceo mzcvizcn2

>% Cemzin}i} gkmng mnxnmcvs%

:% ]vzc|i} vk nffzi}} itxzi}}if eiif} kl vdk}i wdk dn|i gc`cvif nmmi}} vk

zi}kyzmi} nef kxxkzvyecvci}%

=% ]iia} }y}vncenjgi zi}ygv} vdnv mk`xgiìev kvdiz fi|igkxìev illkzv}%

6% Iegc}v} gkmng xnzvcmcxnev} n} xnzveiz} ce fi|igkxceo' c xgiìevceo' nef

n}}i}}ceo vdi xzkbimv%


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Cevzkfymvcke :

9% Mke}cfiz} oiefiz zignvcke}dcx} nef xzk`kvi} wk`ie} xnzvcmcxnvcke vk

cemzin}i vdicz }vnvy} nef kxxkzvyecvci}%


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Cevzkfymvcke =

}iz|cmi% @nes nmvc|cvci} cemgyfi mk``yecvs kj}iz|nvcke' celkz`nvcke onvdizceo'

nef+kz ce|kg|iìev%

Skyz vimdecmng itxizvc}i c} einzgs y}igi}} yevcg sky nfnxv nef nxxgs wdnv sky

aekw vk lcv vdi gkmng mygvyzi nef sky mne }dnzi skyz aekwgifoi nef }acgg} ce vdi

gkmng gneoynoi%

Nv vdi jioceeceo kl inmd `kfygi c} n gc}v kl kjbimvc|i} zionzfceo2 aekwgifoi'

}acgg}' nef nvvcvyfi% Vdi}i ginzeceo kjbimvc|i} xkcev sky ce vdi zcodv fczimvcke%

Nlviz mk`xgivceo inmd `kfygi sky }dkygf zi|ciw vdi ginzeceo kjbimvc|i} vk

fiviz`cei cl sky dn|i yefiz}vkkf vdi `kfygi mkeviev} nef cl sky dn|i `n}vizif

vdi aekwgifoi' }acgg}' nef nvvcvyfi}% Ce inmd kfygi' sky nzi zi`cefif vk

nengsri wdnv sky aekw nef wdnv sky nzi ginzeceo ce vdi mkevitv kl gkmng

mkefcvcke}% Vimdecmng vznceceo c} ekv mk`xgivi wcvdkyv vdi cevioznvcke kl

gneoynoi nef mygvyzi%

N MIF Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} c} fi}coeif lkz vdi }igl-

fczimvif nfygv ginzeiz% ]igl-fczimvif fki} ekv ìne sky dn|i vk ginze ke skyz

kwe' jyv znvdiz vdnv sky vnai zi}xke}cjcgcvs lkz `n}vizceo vdi aekwgifoi' }acgg}'

nef nvvcvyfi}% Nmvc|cvci}' mn}i }vyfci}' nef dnef}-ke itizmc}i} ce vdi}i `kfygi}

nzi jn}if ke itxizcievcng ginzeceo ivdkfkgkos%

ITXIZCIEVCNG GINZECEO MSMGI

Ne itxizciemi vdnv nmvc|nvi} vdi itxizcievcng ginzeceo msmgi `ns mkì lzk` skyz

xn}v' ne nmvc|cvs ce skyz dk}v mk``yecvs' n }c`ygnvcke onì' kz n wzcvvie mn}i

}vyfs ce n `kfygi%

Zilgimvcke c} n }ximcng acef kl vdceaceocv c} jkvd nmvc|i nef mkevzkggif% Sky nzi

kegs zilgimvceo n} gkeo n} sky }vcma vk vdi xzkjgi` kz vn}a nv dnef% Zilgimvcke c}

vdi acef kl vdceaceo vdnv gkka} lkz vdi zin}ke} lkz jigci|ceo kei vdceo znvdiz vdne

nekvdiz' vdi acef kl vdceaceo vdnv n}a} ~yi}vcke}% Cv nc`} nv `naceo }ie}i kyv kl

ne itxizciemi% Xznmvcmi zilgimvceo ke skyz itxizciemi' c`nocei vdi xk}}cjcgcvci}'

nef mke}cfiz ngvizenvc|i ineceo}%

ITXIZCIEMI

ZILGIMVCKENXXGCMNVCKE

OIEIZNGCRNVCKE


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Cevzkfymvcke 6

@nes \kgyeviiz} lcef vdnv aiixceo n bkyzeng iemkyznoi} zilgimvc|i vdceaceo% Vzs

wzcvceo ce n bkyzeng i|izs fns lkz vwk kz vdzii wiia} vk fiviz`cei cl vdc} wkza}

lkz sky%

]kmznvi} jigci|if vdnv cv c} vdzkyod vdc} acef kl

vdceaceo Qmzcvcmng vdceaceo' zilgimvc|i vdceaceoP vdnv

xikxgi }dnxi vdicz gc|i}%

Di ligv xikxgi eiif vk vdcea

njkyv wdnv vdis fk nef wds vdis fk cv'

njkyv wdnv vdis jigci|i nef wds vdis jigci|i cv%

Di }ncf vdnv n fns }dkygf ei|iz xn}} wcvdkyv }ymd

~yi}vcke} nef vdnv n gcli wcvdkyv }ymd ~yi}vcke}

c} ekv wkzvd gc|ceo%

zixzcevif wcvd xiz`c}}cke lzk` Jkk}vzk`' Zkjizv%

Fi|igkxceo Mzinvc|i nef Mzcvcmng Vdceaceo2 neCevioznvif Nxxzknmd% Envckeng Vitvjkka Mk`xnes'

Gcemkgewkkf' CG' Y]N% x% 6%

Fyzceo oieizngcrnvcke' sky itxnef ke wdnv sky ginzeif vk lcv eiw nef fclliziev

}cvynvcke}% Oieizngcrnvcke c} ne i}ximcnggs zigi|nev }vix ce vdi itxizcievcng

ginzeceo msmgi lkz n XM\ kxiznvceo ce n eiw nef fclliziev mkyevzs nef mygvyzi%

Vdi gn}v }vix kl vdi msmgi' nxxgcmnvcke' zi~yczi} vdnv sky y}i wdnv sky dn|i

ginzeif% N} sky nxxgs skyz ginzeceo}' sky oieiznvi eiw itxizciemi} nef vdi

itxizcievcng ginzeceo msmgi jioce} nonce%


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Cevzkfymvcke 9

N} n }ig l -f czim v if ginzeiz' sky nzi zi}xke}cjgi lkz2

Vdkyodvlyggs zinfceo vdi `kfygi}1

Nmvc|igs xnzvcmcxnvceo ce vdi }yooi}vif nmvc|cvci}1 Ieonoceo wcvd mk``yecvs zi}cfiev} vk ginze njkyv `cmzkievizxzc}i}

ce vdi gkmng mkevitv1

Cevioznvceo mygvyzng nef gneoynoi ginzeceo} vk yefiz}vnef vdi

vimdecmng }yjbimv `nvviz ce vdi gkmng mkevitv1

Xzk|kmnvc|igs }iiaceo nffcvckeng celkz`nvcke vk yefiz}vnef vdi

`cmzkievizxzc}i vkxcm}1

Aiixceo ne kxie `cef vk fclliziev cfin} nef wns} kl fkceo vdceo}1

nef

N}}yzceo vdnv ginzeceo kjbimvc|i} nzi nmdci|if%

Iebks skyz

mk`` ye c vs imkek`cm fi|igkx`iev

bkyzeis.

" " " " " " " " " "


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Cevzkfymvcke VZNCEIZ] EKVI] >

VZNCEIZ] EKVI]

CEVZKFYMVCKE

Vdi zkgi kl vdi vznceiz2 Vdi vznceiz c} zi}xke}cjgi lkz lnmcgcvnvceo vdi ginzeiz}yefiz}vnefceo kl mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev $MIF# js2

Cfievclsceo kxxkzvyecvci} nef nvizcng} vk ienjgi ginzeiz} vk itxizciemi'

kj}iz|i' nef onvdiz celkz`nvcke zignvif vk vdi nmvc|cvci} nef vkxcm}1

Digxceo ginzeiz} mkevitvyngcri vdicz itxizciemi} nef kj}iz|nvcke} jn}if ke

vdi vznceiz} yefiz}vnefceo kl vdi gkmng ie|czkeìev nef mygvyzi1

Iemkyznoceo ginzeiz} vk vnai ne nxxzimcnvc|i nxxzknmd' gkkaceo lkz

zi}kyzmi} nef }vzieovd} znvdiz vdne xzkjgi`} nef eiif} ce vdicz bkyzeis kl

fc}mk|izs' nef

Lnmcgcvnvceo vdi xzkmi}}i} kl zilgimvcke' oieizngcrnvcke' xgneeceo' nefnxxgcmnvcke' y}ceo vdi vznceiz/} vimdecmng' mzk}}-mygvyzng' nef mkyevzs-}ximclcm

itxizvc}i%

Dkw vk y}iN MIF Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz}2 Vdi `kfygi}

nzi wzcvvie lkz Xinmi Mkzx} vznceii} nef+kz \kgyeviiz} $XM\}# wdk itximv vk

wkza ce MIF vdzkyod vdicz xzc`nzs n}}coeìev kz ce mk``yecvs kyvzinmd

nmvc|cvci}% Vdi}i `nvizcng} ng}k }dkygf ji y}ilyg lkz Xinmi Mkzx} }vnll ce

yefiz}vnefceo vdi fi|igkxìev xk}}cjcgcvci} n}}kmcnvif wcvd MIF% N MIF

Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} mne ji nfnxvif lkz mk``yecvs

xnzveiz} nef gkmng fi|igkxìev wkzaiz}%

N MIF Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} wcgg ji y}if `k}v klviefyzceo Xzi-]iz|cmi Vznceceo $X]V# nef Ce-]iz|cmi Vznceceo $C]V#% Jimny}i vdi

`kfygi} nzi fi}coeif lkz vdi }igl-fczimvif ginzeiz' vdis mne ji nfnxvif vk n

mieviz-jn}if' mk``yecvs-jn}if' kz dsjzcf vznceceo `kfig% Ng}k' \kgyeviiz} mne

y}i vdi` lkz }igl-}vyfs nesvcì fyzceo vdicz Xinmi Mkzx} }iz|cmi' }kì }imvcke}

mne ji y}if ce MIF Mkyevizxnzv vznceceo}%

Ngvdkyod n vznceceo xnzvcmcxnev jieilcv} lzk` cefc|cfyng }vyfs' wkzaceo wcvd n

}`ngg ozkyx c} klvie `kzi cevizi}vceo' nef }dnzceo cfin} fiixie} yefiz}vnefceo%

Ceviznmvcke kl n aekwgifoinjgi }acggif vimdecmng vznceiz c} ekv i}}ievcng' jyv

dcodgs fi}cznjgi%

Mkevceyif


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Cevzkfymvcke VZNCEIZ] EKVI] :

Vznceiz} Ekvi}' mkevceyif

_zcvceo vznceceo `nvizcng} vk lcv i|izs Xinmi Mkzx} xk}v nef vznceceo }cvynvcke c}

ekv xk}}cjgi% Vdi}i `kfygi} nzi lyzec}dif igimvzkecmnggs vk lnmcgcvnvi `naceo

mdneoi} vk jivviz lcv vdi gkmng mkefcvcke}' mygvyzi' nef vznceceo `kfig% _i yzoisky vk ce|i}v vdi vcì nef illkzv vk nfnxv N MIF Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi

Mkzx} \kgyeviiz}%_kza wcvd vdi xk}v} xzkozn``ceo nef vznceceo }vnll vk2

Ziwzcvi }imvcke} ekv nxxgcmnjgi vk gkmng mkefcvcke}1

Nff mkyevzs-}ximclcm itn`xgi} nef oznxdcm}1 nef

Nfby}v nmvc|cvci} vk skyz vznceceo }cvynvcke%

Vznceiz} ekvi} nzi lkyef nv vdi ief kl inmd `kfygi% Vdis cemgyfi vdi

lkggkwceo2

K|iz|ciw kl vdi vkxcm} mk|izif ce vdi `kfygi+nmvc|cvci} vk itxgnce vdi

zin}ke lkz cemgyfceo vdi vkxcm}%

Vcì vk mk`xgivi vdi `kfygi+nmvc|cvci}% Sky `ns eiif vk nfby}v vcì} vk lcv

vdi vznceceo }mdifygi%

@nvizcng} vdnv }dkygf ji ke dnef jilkzi }vnzvceo vdi kfygi+nmvc|cvci}%

Xzixnznvcke vdnv }dkygf vnai xgnmi jilkzi jioceeceo vdi kfygi+nmvc|cvci}%

Dcev} lkz fijzcilceo nef xzkmi}}ceo vdi ginzeceo} kl vdi `kfygi+nmvc|cvci}

vk n}}c}v vznceiz} ce oycfceo vznceceo xnzvcmcxnev} vdzkyod vdi zilgimvcke'

oieizngcrnvcke' nef nxxgcmnvcke }vix} kl vdi itxizcievcng ginzeceo msmgi%

Vdzkyod fijzcilceo nef xzkmi}}ceo vdi itxizciemi$}#' n }acggif vznceiz nff}

|ngyi vk }igl-fczimvif ginzeceo%

Nv vdi jioceeceo kl vdi zinfiz} }imvcke kl inmd `kfygi nzi aekwgifoi' }acgg}'

nef nvvcvyfi kjbimvc|i}% Vdi ginzeceo kjbimvc|i} nzi }vnvif ce jidn|ckzng viz`}

nef }vzi}} vdi nxxgcmnvcke kl ginzeceo} fi|igkxif fyzceo vdi `kfygi% Nxxgcmnvcke

c} vdi lceng }vix ce vdi itxizcievcng ginzeceo msmgi% Ais viz`}' gc}vif nv vdi ief kl

inmd `kfygi' cemgyfi }coeclcmnev wkzf} nef xdzn}i} filceif n} vdis nzi y}if ce

vdi `kfygi% ]xnmi c} xzk|cfif lkz vdi gkmng gneoynoi vzne}gnvcke kl inmd ais

viz`% Iemkyznoi vznceceo xnzvcmcxnev} vk }iia digx lzk` vdi gneoynoi }vnll ce

vzne}gnvceo nef ginzeceo vdi ais viz`}%

Gc}vif nv vdi ief kl inmd `kfygi nzi zi}kyzmi} lzk` vdi Xinmi Mkzx} Celkz`nvcke

Mkggimvcke nef Itmdneoi $CMI# Mnvngko nef lzk` }igimv Cevizeiv }cvi}% Vdi}izinfcgs n|ncgnjgi `nvizcng} nggkw vznceii} nef vznceiz} vk nm~yczi nffcvckeng

celkz`nvcke ke vkxcm} mk|izif ce vdi `kfygi%

Mkevceyif


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Cevzkfymvcke VZNCEIZ] EKVI] =


Vdi lkggkwceo vznceceo jkka}' n|ncgnjgi lzk` CMI' nzi zimk``iefif lkzN MIF

Vznceceo Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} vznceiz}%

Vdi Nzv kl Lnmcgcvnvcke2 Dkw vk Mzinvi Ozkyx ]seizos% Fngi Dyeviz' Neei

Jncgis' nef Jcgg Vnsgkz% $Lc}diz Jkka}# >339% :6> xx% $CMI Ek% VZ>>6#

QFc}vzcjyvcke vk Xinmi Mkzx} Ce-Mkyevzs Zi}kyzmi Mieviz} KegsP

Xzk|cfi} ne ce-fixvd itn`cenvcke kl vdi nzv kl ceviz|ievcke nef

mkkxiznvc|i jigcil} nef |ngyi} yefizgsceo lnmcgcvnvcke lkz mzinvceo ozkyx

}seizos% Vdi vkkgacv cemgyfi} lnmcgcvnvc|i fi}coe} lkz wkza}dkx}'

`iivceo}' xzkbimv}' nef i|ngynvcke}% Ce nffcvcke' itxizciemif lnmcgcvnvkz}

klliz n xiz}keng xiz}ximvc|i ke lnmcgcvnvcke%

>8> _ns} vk @nai Vznceceo Nmvc|i% @ig ]cgjiz`ne% $Bk}}isJn}} Xliclliz#

>339% =8= xx% $CMI Ek% VZ>>339% :


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Cevzkfymvcke VZNCEIZ] EKVI] 6


Vznceceo Vznceiz} lkz Fi|igkxìevMkefymvceo N _kza}dkx ke

Xnzvcmcxnvkzs Vznceceo Vimdec~yi}% Vdi MIFXN Vznceceo @neyng

]izci} \kgyì C' >333% 3: xx% $CMI Ek% VZ>>>#


Mk`xcgnvcke kl vznceceo nmvc|cvci} vdnv MIFXN dn} y}if ce `nes

xzkozn`} vk }vzieovdie vdi vznceceo mnxnmcvs kl dingvd' ln`cgs xgneeceo'

nef kvdiz vsxi} kl fi|igkxìev kzonecrnvcke}% @neyng xzixnzi}

`nenoiz} nef vznceiz} vk mkefymv ceviznmvc|i' ginzeiz-mievizif vznceceo

kl vznceiz}%

Vdi Vdce Jkka kl Nxxzimcnvc|i Ce~yczs% ]yi Neec} Dn``kef% $Akfcna

Mke}ygvceo# >33>8#

]c`xgi' xznmvcmng itxgnenvcke kl Nxxzimcnvc|i Ce~yczs nef dkw vk y}i cv%

Ng}k cemgyfi} y}ilyg celkz`nvcke ke xzkbimv xgneeceo nef

ekeok|izeìevng kzonecrnvcke fi|igkxìev%


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@kfygi >

Yefiz} vnef ceoMIF


17/165

N MIF Oycfi lkz Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz}

@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >

@KFYGI >

YEFIZ]VNEFCEO MK@@YECV SIMKEK@CM FI\IGKX@IEV $MIF#

N \ KGYE VIIZ] ]VKZS

Fi|igkx ceo n Mk``yec v s

Ayjin}i wn} mke}cfizif n }giixs nef ekv i}ximcnggs nvvznmvc|i |cggnoi

ce vdi Zixyjgcm kl Odnen% Vdi |cggnoiz} nzi `ncegs }`ngg lnzìz}'

nef n liw dn|i bkj} ce n einzjs vkwe% Jkjczc Jyvvizlgs Zi}iz|i c}

}cvynvif vwk nef kei-dngl `cgi} lzk` Ayjin}i1 vdi zknf vk vdi zi}iz|i

xn}}i} zcodv vdzkyod vdi |cggnoi% Jyv zi}cfiev} fizc|if |izs gcvvgi

imkek`cm jieilcv lzk` vdi vkyzc}v} nef }mcievc}v} wdk |c}cvif vdi

zi}iz|i%

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xk}}cjcgcvci} lkz mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev% Ne c`xzi}}c|i

ievznemi vk Ayjin}i wcvd n wigmkì }coe wn} izimvif% N vkyzc}`

celkz`nvcke mieviz nef vkcgiv lnmcgcvci} wizi jycgv% Dky}i} wizi

zixgn}vizif' nef n gkmng nzvc}v xncevif `yzng} fixcmvceo Nlzcmne gcli-

}vsgi} ke }kì kl vdi dky}i}% ]cfiwnga} wizi jycgv' vzii} xgnevif' nef

ne kxie xn|cgcke mke}vzymvif% \cggnoi ìzmdnev} ginzeif wdnv okkf}

nef }iz|cmi} |c}cvkz} gcai nef dkw vk xzk|cfi my}vkìz }iz|cmi% N

jcmsmgi zievng }dkx kxieif vk }iz|i vdk}i wdk mnì js jy} nef

wnevif vk zcfi znvdiz vdne wnga vk vdi jyvvizlgs zi}iz|i%

Ayjin}i dn} jimkì n xgin}nev xgnmi wdizi |c}cvkz} }vkx nef }xief

}kì kl vdicz `keis% Mcvcrie} iebks jkvd vdi eiw xzk}xizcvs nef

c`xzk|if mk``yecvs ie|czkeìev%

" " " " " " " " "

Mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev c} n xzkmi}} js wdcmd mk``yecvci} iednemi

vdi ~yngcvs kl gcli kl vdicz zi}cfiev} js mzinvceo eiw mk``yecvs nef jy}cei}}

wingvd% MIF mkemixv}' nef vimdec~yi} vk xyv vdi}i mkemixv} cevk nmvcke' nzi

xzi}ievif vdzkyod itxizcievcng nmvc|cvci}' \kgyeviiz }vkzci}' nef zinfceo}% Sky

wcgg lcef kyv dkw \kgyeviiz} wkza wcvd cefc|cfyng} nef mk``yecvs ozkyx} vk

c`xzk|i mk``yecvci} imkek`ci}% Js vdi vcì sky lcec}d vdc} `kfygi sky }dkygf

dn|i onceif vdi aekwgifoi' }acgg}' nef nvvcvyfi} vk2

Itxgnce dkw MIF fclliz} lzk` vznfcvckeng imkek`cm fi|igkxìev%

Fi}mzcji n }coeclcmnev }dclv ce fi|igkxìev }vznvios vdnv dn} kmmyzzif k|iz

vdi gn}v }i|izng sinz}%


18/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# :

Fi`ke}vznvi njcgcvs vk y}i }vzieovd}' winaei}}i}' kxxkzvyecvci}' nef vdzinv}

$]_KV# nengs}c} lkz MIF%

Cfievcls lc|i nmvc|cvci} vdnv n mk``yecvs `codv yefizvnai vk c`xzk|i vdi

~yngcvs kl gcli kl vdicz zi}cfiev} js mzinvceo eiw mk``yecvs wingvd%

Cfievcls lkyz nmvc|cvci} vdnv n mk``yecvs `codv yefizvnai vk jycgfmk``yecvs mnxnmcvs%

MIFN FI\IGKX@IEV ]VZNVIOS

Vdi }seizos kl wkzaceo wcvd ne ievczi mk``yecvs znvdiz vdne cefc|cfyng

jy}cei}}i} nxxinz} vk gi|iznoi imkek`cm jieilcv}% Vdizi c} ek }ceogi }ymmi}}lyg

MIF nxxzknmd jimny}i mk``yecvci} fclliz wcfigs ce vdicz oikoznxdcm nvvzcjyvi}'

}kmcng kzonecrnvcke' imkek`cm zi}kyzmi}' }vzymvyzi' nef mnxnmcvs kl vdicz xkgcvcmng

ce}vcvyvcke}% Inmd mk``yecvs' vdizilkzi' dn} n yec~yi }iv kl imkek`cm

fi|igkxìev mdnggieoi}vdc} `nai} wkzaceo ce MIF cevizi}vceo%

Zionzfgi}} kl vdi mk``yecvs' }i|izng lnmvkz} cemzin}i vdi gcaigcdkkf kl

}ymmi}}lyg MIF2

Yefiz}vnefceo vdi }vzieovd} nef winaei}}i} kl vdi gkmng imkek`s nef cv}

mk`xnznvc|i nf|nevnoi}%

Gkmng ginfiz}dcx vdnv jzceo} vkoivdiz vdi dy`ne aekwgifoi nef lcenemcng

zi}kyzmi} kl vdzii }imvkz} kl }kmcivs2 ok|izeìev' jy}cei}}' nef vdi vdczf

}imvkz $ekeok|izeìevng kzonecrnvcke}' kz EOK}#%

Xkgcmci} nef xzkozn`} vdnv nzi xgneeif nzkyef gkmng eiif} nef y}i gkmng

zi}kyzmi}%

N fi|igkxìev lnmcgcvnvkz wcvd vdi zcodv nvvcvyfi}' }acgg}' nef aekwgifoi

wcggceo vk n}}c}v vdi mk``yecvs% Vdc} mkygf ji skyz bkj n} n Xinmi Mkzx}\kgyeviiz $XM\#%

Ekvdceo c} xiz`neiev jyv mdneoi%

Diznmgcvy}' 988 JM

N @ CEC DC]VKZS KL V DI LCIGF KL FI\IGKX@IEV

Vdi @nz}dngg Xgne lkz vdi zimke}vzymvcke kl Iyzkxi nlviz _kzgf _nz CC c}

mzifcvif wcvd gnyemdceo vdi lcigf kl fi|igkxìev% ]dkzvgs nlviz vdi @nz}dngg

Xgne wn} jioye' n ey`jiz kl cevizenvckeng kzonecrnvcke} wizi i}vnjgc}dif% Keikl vdi}i wn} vdi _kzgf Jnea' vdie aekwe n} vdi Cevizenvckeng Jnea lkz

Zimke}vzymvcke nef Fi|igkxìev% I}vnjgc}dif kzcocenggs vk lnmcgcvnvi vdi

zimke}vzymvcke kl xk}vwnz Iyzkxi' vdi _kzgf Jnea wiev ke vk xzk|cfi ncf lkz vdi

fi|igkxìev kl wdnv jimnì aekwe n} vdi Vdczf _kzgf% Vdi Yecvif ]vnvi}

Noiems lkz Cevizenvckeng Fi|igkxìev $Y]NCF#' vdi Cevizenvckeng @keivnzs

Lyef $C@L#' nef vdi Oieizng Noziiìev ke Vnzcll} nef Vznfi $ONVV#' ekw


19/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# =

aekwe n} vdi _kzgf Vznfi Kzonecrnvcke $_VK#' wizi ng}k i}vnjgc}dif% Ce

nffcvcke vk vdi}i ok|izeìev-}xke}kzif kzonecrnvcke}' cevizenvckeng EOK} }ymd

n} Mnzi' XGNE' nef ]n|i vdi Mdcgfzie oziw }yj}vnevcnggs fyzceo vdi xk}vwnz

xizckf%

Vdi zimke}vzymvcke xzkmi}} ce Iyzkxi gif fi|igkxìev xznmvcvckeiz} vk jigci|i

vdnv `nbkz celzn}vzymvyzi xzkbimv} }ymd n} zknf}' fn`}' nef kvdiz gnzoi-}mngi

illkzv} wizi vdi `k}v illimvc|i ìne} vk fi|igkx n }kmcivs nef n envcke% _dnv

jimnì nxxnziev `nes sinz} gnviz c} vdnv vdi nxxzknmdi} y}if ce Iyzkxi fcf ekv

wkza wdie vzne}lizzif vk Vdczf _kzgf mkyevzci}% Vdis dnf gcvvgi illimv ke

jzceoceo fi|igkxceo mkyevzci} kyv kl xk|izvs%

Vdi |c}cke} kl vdi >398} nef >3%= jcggcke xikxgi gc|i ke gi}} vdne n fkggnz n fns' nef

mgk}i vk kei jcggcke mneekv ìiv vdicz jn}cm mke}y`xvcke

zi~ycziìev}% Vdi }dnzi ce ogkjng cemkì kl vdi zcmdi}v lclvd kl

vdi wkzgf} xikxgi c} ?6 vcì} vdnv kl vdi xkkzi}v lclvd%

@kzi vdne :98 `cggcke mdcgfzie nzi wkzaceo n} mdcgf gnjkziz}%

I|izs sinz einzgs = `cggcke xikxgi fci lzk` ncz xkggyvcke`kzi

vdne 48 xizmiev kl vdi` lzk` cefkkz ncz xkggyvckenef `kzi

vdne 9 `cggcke fci lzk` fcnzzdin fc}in}i} mny}if js wnviz

mkevn`cenvcke%

" " " " " " " " "

Vdi Mkgf _nz' vkk' nllimvif fi|igkxìev ce `nes mkyevzci}% Mk`xivcvcke lkz

nggci} jivwiie vdi _i}vize nef In}vize jgkm} celgyiemif vdi vsxi kl fi|igkxìev

ncf vdnv wn} kllizif nef vdi xzkbimv} vdnv wizi yefizvnaie% @cgcvnzs nf|nevnoi}


20/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# 6

nv vcì} wizi oc|ie ozinviz mke}cfiznvcke vdne vdi eiif} kl vdi yefizfi|igkxif

mkyevzci}% Vdi lngg kl vdi Jizgce _ngg ce >343 `nzaif vdi ief kl vdi Mkgf _nz%

Kyz yefiz}vnefceo kl vdi c`xkzvnemi kl mc|cg }kmcivci} dn} c`xzk|if wcvd vdi

gi}}ke} ginzeif n} mk``yec}v }kmcivci} dn|i `k|if vkwnzf kxie }kmcivci} wcvd

lzii `nzaiv}% Vkfns' }vznvioci} vdnv i`xkwiz xikxgi vk jycgf mc|cg }kmcivci} nzi

jiceo cemkzxkznvif cevk Vdczf _kzgf fi|igkxìev xzkozn`}%

Jioceeceo ce vdi >338} nef mkevceyceo vkfns' ogkjngcrnvcke c} n `nbkz lkzmi vdnv

nllimv} Vdczf _kzgf fi|igkxìev% Ogkjngcrnvcke dn} jiie ce ln}v lkzwnzf' jyv vdi

wkzgf} njcgcvs vk yefiz}vnef nef zinmv vk cv dn} jiie ce }gkw `kvcke% Ogkjng

`nzaiv}' eiw vznfceo ozkyx}vdi Iyzkxine Yecke $IY# nef Ekzvd Nìzcmne

Lzii Vznfi Noziiìev $ENLVN#' lkz itn`xgiln}viz vzne}xkzvnvcke' nef vdi

znxcf lgkw kl celkz`nvcke nzi gceaceo `cggcke} kl xikxgi `kzi mgk}igs vdne i|iz

jilkzi% Dkwi|iz' ce gi}} fi|igkxif mkyevzci} jcggcke} kl xikxgi nzi ekv

jieilcmcnzci} kl ogkjngcrnvcke nef ce }kì mn}i} nzi |cmvc`} kl ogkjngcrnvcke%

Lzk` vdi vcì vdi Xinmi Mkzx} wn} lkzìf ce vdi inzgs >3


21/165



NMVC\CVS >2>

DK_ CEMZIN]CEO J Y]CEI]] NMVC\C VS

@YGVCXGCI] MK@@YECVS CEMK@I

Ekvi2 Cv c} `kzi lye nef `nai} lkz n `kzi fzn`nvcm itxizciemi vk y}i zkgi xgns

vk cggy}vznvi vdi }cvynvcke}%

]cvynvcke >2

N}}yì @z% T jzceo} dkì n }ngnzs kl &>88% Dc} ln`cgs gc|i} ce vdi mk``yecvs

kl Gngn|cggi' wdcmd dn} ek jy}cei}}i}% _dnv c} vdi cemzin}i ce mk``yecvs

cemkì; [[[[[[[[[[[

Fcf sky ne}wiz &>88; Sky nzi zcodv.

]cvynvcke :2

Ekw n}}yì n gkmng }vkzi kxie} ce Gngn|cggi nef @z% T} ln`cgs }xief} &98 kl

dc} }ngnzs nv vdi gkmng }vkzi vk xyzmdn}i lkkf nef dky}idkgf }yxxgci}% Vdi }vkzi

kweiz nef mgiza gc|i ce @z% T} mk``yecvs% Kl vdi &98 }xiev js @z% T} ln`cgs'

&6 c} vdi xzklcv kl vdi }vkzi kweiz' &> oki} vk xns vdi }ngnzs kl vdi mgiza' nef vdi

kvdiz &69 oki} kyv}cfi vdi mk``yecvs vk xns lkz vdi ìzmdnefc}i% @z% T}

ln`cgs }xief} dc} kvdiz &98 kyv}cfi vdi mk``yecvs vk xyzmdn}i n &>8 }mdkkg

yeclkz` lkz dc} fnyodviz nef n &68 mdncz lkz vdi ln`cgs} dkì% Dkw `ymd fcf

@z% T} }ngnzs cemzin}i cemk i ce vdi mk``yecvs; [[[[[[[[[[[

Fcf sky ne}wiz &>89; Sky nzi zcodv%

]cvynvcke =2

Vwk `kzi jy}cei}}i} kxie ce Gngn|cggi' n }in`}vzi}} wdk `nai} }mdkkg yeclkz`}

nef n lyzecvyzi `naiz% Vdi }in`}vzi}} `nai} n xzklcv kl &= ke inmd }mdkkg

yeclkz` }di }igg} lkz &>8' nef vdi lyzecvyzi `naiz `nai} n xzklcv kl &9 ke inmd

mdncz di }igg} lkz &68% Jkvd xyzmdn}i vdicz znw `nvizcng} kyv}cfi vdi mk``yecvs%

Dkw `ymd fcf @z% T} }ngnzs cemzin}i cemkì ce vdi mk``yecvs cl' ce nffcvcke

vk dc} xyzmdn}i nv vdi gkmng }vkzi' di jkyodv vdi }mdkkg yeclkz` nef mdncz gkmnggs;

[[[[[[[[[[[

Fcf sky ne}wiz &>>=; Sky nzi mkzzimv% Vdc} c} n}}y`ceo vdnv vdi }vkzi mgiza'

}in`}vzi}}' kz lyzecvyzi `naiz fcf ekv `nai nes xyzmdn}i} nv vdi gkmng }vkzi kz

lzk` inmd kvdiz' wdcmd wkygf }gcodvgs cemzin}i mk``yecvs cemkì%

Mkevceyif


22/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# 2>' mkevceyif

]cvynvcke 62

Mne sky vdcea kl cfin} lkz `kzi jy}cei}}i} vdnv wkygf mkevceyi vk mczmygnvi vdi

lyef} ce vdi mk``yecvs nef wkygf lyzvdiz cemzin}i vdi mk``yecvs} cemkì;

Fk sky }ii vdnv vdi `kzi vcì} inzeceo} mczmygnvi ce vdi mk``yecvs jilkzi vdis

gin|i vdi mk``yecvs vdi ozinviz vdi cemzin}i ce mk``yecvs cemkì; Imkek`c}v}

mngg vdc} vdi `ygvcxgciz illimv%

_dnv njkyv vdi cemkì kl xikxgi ce eicodjkzceo mk``yecvci}; Fki}ev vdc}

}vznvios kl aiixceo lyef} mczmygnvceo ce Gngn|cggi fixzc|i vdi` kl cemkì; Cv c}

vzyi vdnv kvdiz mk``yecvci} wcgg ekv zimic|i vdi fkggnz} n} ~ycmags% Dkwi|iz'

i|ievynggs vdi &>88 wcgg gin|i Gngn|cggi' by}v n} cv fcf ce ]cvynvcke >% Mke}cfizceo

vdi vcì-|ngyi kl `keis' eicodjkzceo mk``yecvci} nzi }kìwdnv wkz}i kll%

Fc}my}} vdi lkggkwceo ~yi}vcke} wcvd skyz liggkw vznceii}%

_dnv mkemgy}cke} mne sky `nai njkyv cemzin}ceo vdi cemkì kl n

mk``yecvs lzk` vdi nmvc|cvs sky by}v mk`xgivif;

_dnv MIF }vznvioci} `codv sky }yooi}v lkz mk``yecvci} jn}if ke skyz

mkemgy}cke};

Ekvi2 Lkz xk}}cjgi ne}wiz} vk vdi}i vwk ~yi}vcke}' }ii Nmvc|cvs >2> ]n`xgi

Ne}wiz}' nv vdi ief kl vdc} `kfygi%


23/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# ?

_die C wn} nzoyceo vdnv digxceo n kei-ìng ln`cgs

vk jimkì n vwk-ìng ln`cgs kz ienjgceo n wk`ne

wcvdkyv n mdneoi kl mgkvdceo vk nllkzf vk jys n

}imkef xcimi kl mgkvdceo c} n fi|igkxìev `cznmgi' C

wn} zcfcmygif% Vdnv c} ekv fi|igkxìev' C wn}

zi`cefif }vizegs% Fi|igkxìev c} imkek`cm ozkwvd

kl vdi imkek`s' vdis }ncf1 ozkwvd wcgg jzceo

i|izsvdceo% _i mnzzcif kyv kyz wkza n} cl wi wizi

ieonoif ce }kì |izs yefi}cznjgi nmvc|cvci}% _die

vdi YEFX} Dy`ne Fi|igkxìev Zixkzv mnì kyv'

wi ligv |cefcmnvif% _i wizi ek gkeoiz jnma }vziiv

kxiznvkz}1 wi ligv wi wizi ce vdi `nce}vzin`%

Xzkli}}kz @ydn``nf Syey}' Lkyefiz

Oznìie Jnea' Jneognfi}d

_DS MIF C] YEC^YI

Mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev c} ne cevioznvif dkgc}vcm }vznvios vdnv wkza}

nv vdi mk``yecvs gi|ig vk jycgf mcvcrie} mnxnmcvs vk vnai mkevzkg kl vdicz kwe

imkek`cm lyvyzi}% MIF dn} jiie }ymmi}}lyg ce nggi|cnvceo xk|izvs ce jkvd

fi|igkxif nef yefizfi|igkxif mkyevzci}% MIF n}}c}v} ln`cgci} ce ìivceo }kì

kl vdicz jn}cm imkek`cm eiif}xnsceo vdi }mdkkg lii} lkz vdicz mdcgfzie' onceceo

nmmi}} vk jn}cm dingvd mnzi' nef xzk|cfceo eyvzcvcky} lkkf lkz vdi ln`cgs% MIF c}

ne nxxzknmd vdnv dcodgcodv} mk``yecvs mkkxiznvcke% Cv c} itvziìgs fcllcmygv lkz

kei xiz}ke vk mzinvi n jivviz jy}cei}} ie|czke iev% Cv vnai} n mkggimvc|i illkzv lkzjy}cei}}i} vk vdzc|i nef vdi imkek`cm wigg-jiceo kl mk``yecvs ì`jiz} vk

c`xzk|i%

]vyfs vdi lkggkwceo vnjgi vk ginze dkw MIF fclliz} lzk` vznfcvckeng nxxzknmdi}

vk imkek`cm fi|igkxìev% Ekvi dkw fi|igkxìev gi}}ke} kl vdi gn}v 68 sinz}

dn|i jiie cemkzxkznvif cevk MIF nef dkw MIF c} mke}c}viev wcvd vdi Xinmi

Mkzx} fi|igkxìev }vznvios%


24/165



MKEVZN]V J IV_IIE

MK@@YECVS NEF VZNFCVCKENG IMKEK@CM

FI\IGKX@IEV

Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm

Fi|igkxìev

Vznfcvckeng Imkek`cm

Fi|igkxìev

Imkek`cm |c}cke

mkì} lzk`2

Zi}cfiev} }iiaceo

c`xzk|iìev

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Xiz}ximvc|i2 Gkeo-viz`' }y}vncenjgi'

nef lncz vk mcvcrie}

]dkzv-viz` xzklcv

Lkmy}2 Vdi fi|igkxìev xzkmi}} Xzkfymv} nef zi}ygv}

K|izngg okng2 Fi|igkxìev kl xikxgi

nef mk``yecvci} nef

imkek`cm ozkwvd

Imkek`cm ozkwvd ce oieizng

Kjbimvc|i}2 Mzinvi bkj} nef jieilcv}

lkz zi}cfiev}

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fc}vzcjyvcke

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}iz|cmi} lkz zi}cfiev}

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zi}kyzmi} ce }igl-

}y}vnceceo nmvc|cvci}

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gkmng mk``yecvci}

]dkzv-viz` xzklcv} $bkj}

nef jieilcv} nzi jsxzkfymv}

kl }iiaceo xzklcv}#

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Ce|i}v mk``yecvs

zi}kyzmi} ce wdnvi|iz c}

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Xzk`kvi ozkwvd ce n mk}v-

illimvc|i `neeiz

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nef nvizcng zi}kyzmi}

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nef nvizcng zi}kyzmi}

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itxizciemi nef vngiev}

wcvd kyv}cfiz}

]yxxgiìev} kyv}cfi

itxizvc}i wcvd gkmng xikxgi}

itxizciemi nef vngiev}


25/165



Ekvi2 Mk``yecvs imkek`cm fi|igkxìev $MIF# nef `yecmcxng fi|igkxìev

$@F# dn|i `ymd ce mk``ke% Vdi fc}vceoyc}dceo mdnznmvizc}vcm c} wdk n}}yì}

ginfiz}dcx% Ce MIF' mcvcrie ozkyx} vnai zi}xke}cjcgcvs lkz cecvcnvceo imkek`cm

fi|igkxìev nef xnzveiz wcvd jy}cei}}i} nef gkmng ok|izeìev vk nmdci|i

imkek`cm fi|igkxìev% Ce @F xzkbimv}' vdi gkmng ok|izeìev c} vdi `k}v nmvc|i

xgnsiz' nef cv }iia} vk iegc}v vdi n}}c}vnemi kl jy}cei}}i} nef mcvcrie} ozkyx} vkfi|igkx vdi gkmng imkek`s nef c`xzk|i zi}cfiev} ~yngcvs kl gcli%

N }gcodvgs itxnefif |iz}cke kl @F' gkmng imkek`cm fi|igkxìev $GIF#'

cemgyfi} ziockeng ok|izeìev} kz n}}kmcnvcke} kl ziockeng `yecmcxng

ok|izeìev}% Vdi GIF nxxzknmd c} }c`cgnz vk vdi @F nxxzknmd1 vdi xzc`nzs

ginfiz}dcx mkì} lzk` ziockeng ok|izeìev} kz n}}kmcnvcke} kl ziockeng

ok|izeìev}%

_die XM\} nef kvdiz fi|igkxìev wkzaiz} n}}c}v ne @F xzkbimv' vdis lkmy} ke

}vzieovdieceo vdi `yecmcxng ok|izeìev vdzkyod }ymd nmvc|cvci} n} c`xzk|ceo vdi

}acgg} kl `yecmcxng i`xgksii} nef vdi njcgcvs kl igimvif kllcmcng} vk nengsri

xzkjgi`}' cfievcls zi}kyzmi}' `nai fimc}cke}' nef xzk|cfi ginfiz}dcx% _dieXM\} nef kvdiz fi|igkxìev wkzaiz} lnmcgcvnvi MIF xzkbimv}' vdis lkmy} ke

jycgfceo vdi mnxnmcvs kl mcvcrie ozkyx} vk nengsri xzkjgi`}' cfievcls zi}kyzmi}'

`nai fimc}cke}' nef xzk|cfi ginfiz}dcx%

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jy}cei}} nef xzk|cfi jy}cei}} fi|igkx iev }iz|cmi}' c xzk|i celzn}vzymvyzi'

vznce vdi wkzalkzmi' c`xzk|i ifymnvcke' fi|igkx xyjgcmxzc|nvi xnzveiz}dcx}' nef

xzk`kvi n }xczcv kl mkkxiznvcke%

Vdi MIF nxxzknmd c} jn}if ke vdi n}}y`xvcke vdnv fi|igkxìev }vnzv} nv vdi

ozn}}-zkkv} gi|ig nef vdi cecvcnvc|i' mzinvc|cvs' nef ieizoci} kl vdi xikxgi mne ji

y}if vk c`xzk|i vdicz kwe gc|i}% Cv c`xgci} vdnv vdzkyod mke}mcky}ei}}-znc}ceo'xikxgi nv vdi ozn}}-zkkv} gi|ig mne zingcri vdicz kwe xkvievcng}% Ce ne cfing

}cvynvcke' vdi ì`jiz} kl vdi mk``yecvs kzonecri vdi`}ig|i} ce n |kgyevnzs

fi`kmznvcm `neeiz vk2

Filcei vdicz xzkjgi`}' n}}iv}' nef n}xcznvcke}1

Fi|igkx xgne} nef }vznvioci}1 nef

C`xgiìev xgne} wcvd `ntc`y` mk``yecvs xnzvcmcxnvcke vk zinx vdi

jieilcv}%

MIF NMVC\C VCI]

Vdi yec~yiei}} kl MIF c} cv} i~ynggs c`xkzvnev okng} kl cecvcnvceo imkek cmozkwvd nef jycgfceo mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs% Vk jivviz yefiz}vnef vdi mkzi MIF

nmvc|cvci}' wi dn|i fc|cfif vdi` cevk vdk}i vdnv xzc`nzcgs c`xnmv imkek`cm

ozkwvd nef vdk}i vdnv xzc`nzcgs c`xnmv mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs%


26/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >8

MKZI IMKEK@CM OZK_VD NMVC\CVCI]

Cemzin}ceo jy}cei}} nmvc|cvs2 Jimny}i jy}cei}} c} vdi ieocei kl ozkwvd kl n

eicodjkzdkkf' n vkwe' kz n mcvs' MIF illkzv} nzi fczimvif vkwnzf2

Mzinvceo eiw jy}cei}}i}'

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Nvvznmvceo eiw jy}cei}}i}' nef

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jy}cei}}i}' nef nmmi}} vk nzaiv}%

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Zktjyzs mk``yecvs' Eyi}vzn Mk`yecfnf $]xnec}d lkz Kyz

Mk``yecvs# Fi|igkxìev Mkzxkznvcke gnyemdif n `cmzkievizxzc}i

cecvcnvc|i enìf \cggnoi Xy}dmnzv} ce >334% Cv xyzmdn}if >8 xy}dmnzv}

nef zievif vdi` vk zi}cfiev}%

Xy}dmnzv} nzi kei kl vdi kgfi}v' `k}v }ymmi}}lyg lkz`} kl yzjne

ievizxzc}i% Vdis zixzi}iev n MIF }vznvios jimny}i vdis klliz n yec~yi

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wcvd gc`cvif mnxcvng' nef jzcodvgs fimkznvif xy}dmnzv} mkevzcjyvi vk vdi

mk`ìzmcng |cjznems nef li}vc|i gkka kl n mk``yecvs%

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gi}}ke} vdnv mk``yecvci} i`jnzaceo ke MIF nmvc|cvci} ginze c} wdnv vdis mne nefmneekv fk% Ngvdkyod MIF nmvc|cvci} `y}v ji vncgkzif vk gkmng mk`xnznvc|i

nf|nevnoi' vdi nmvc|cvci} }vcgg kmmyz wcvdce jkvd n wcfiz envckeng nef cevizenvckeng

mkevitvmkevitv} vdnv xzklkyefgs celgyiemi vdi illimvc|iei}} kl MIF illkzv}%

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imkek`cm xkgcmci} vdnv }vzymvyzi vdi imkek`s' n} wigg n} js }ivvceo vdi envcke}


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@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >>

lcenemcng' giong' nef xds}cmng celzn}vzymvyzi% Envckeng ok|izeìev} mzinvi vdi

imkek`cm nef xkgcvcmng ie|czkeìev ce wdcmd gkmng imkek`cm fi|igkxìev mne

vnai xgnmi nef }vzymvyzi dkw vdi mk``yecvs nmmi}}i} vdi envckeng nef ogkjng

`nzaivxgnmi% Xyv }c`xgs' envckeng ok|izeìev} }iv vdi vnt' zioygnvkzs' nef giong

}vzymvyzi vdnv }dnxi} vdi k|izngg envckeng jy}cei}} mgc`nvi' wdcmd digx} kz dcefiz}

jy}cei}} ozkwvd%

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cemzin}if xzkfymvcke nef cemzin}if zi|ieyi}%

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fimievzngcrif }s}vi`} nef envckeng imkek`cm zilkz`}%

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envckeng kllcmcng} vk c`xgiìev illimvc|i imkek`cm xzkbimv}%

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en|convi vdzkyod vdi envckeng vnt nef zioygnvkzs }s}vi`}%

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imkek`cm fi|igkxìev c} digf jnma js cenfi~ynvi celzn}vzymvyzi% Celzn}vzymvyzi

c} vdi lkyefnvcke kl n okkf jy}cei}} mgc`nvi jimny}i cv lnmcgcvnvi} vznfi% Vdi `nce

mk`xkeiev} kl celzn}vzymvyzi nzi2

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mcvcrie} ~yngcvs kl gcli%

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fc}vnemi' nef oikoznxds n} jnzzciz} vk `nzaiv mk`xivcvc|iei}} nef nmmi}} vk

celkz`nvcke%

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xzi}iz|ceo dc}vkzcm gnef`nza}' nef kllizceo gnef n} n jy}cei}} cemievc|i nzi

nxxzknmdi} vdnv dn|i jiie y}if ce MIF%

@yecmcxng }iz|cmi} nllimv vdi ~yngcvs kl zi}cfiev} gc|i}% @yecmcxng }iz|cmi}

cemgyfi lczi' xkgcmi' dingvd fixnzvìev nef iìzoiems }iz|cmi}' nef onzjnoi

mkggimvcke1 vdis klvie }iz|i n} cemievc|i} lkz vdi mzinvcke' itxne}cke' nef

nvvznmvcke kl jy}cei}}% Vdi}i }iz|cmi} mzinvi gkmng bkj}' nef wcvdkyv vdi}i

`yecmcxng }iz|cmi} gkmng imkek`cm fi|igkxìev wcgg ekv zinmd cv} xkvievcng%


28/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >:

_die MIF illkzv} nzi }ymmi}}lyg' jy}cei}} nmvc|cvs cemzin}i}' vdi vnt jn}i

cemzin}i}' nef ok|izeìev mne xzk|cfi jivviz }iz|cmi} wcvdkyv zigsceo ke vnt

cemzin}i}%

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celzn}vzymvyzi c} n xyjgcm okkf' ce|i}vìev ce celzn}vzymvyzi zi`nce}' vk n ozinv

fiozii' n xyjgcm }imvkz zi}xke}cjcgcvs% Dkwi|iz' MIF xgnsiz} mne `nai n

fclliziemi js gkkaceo lkz mzinvc|i wns} lkz n mk``yecvs vk c`xzk|i cv}

celzn}vzymvyzi nef js lnmcgcvnvceo xnzveiz}dcx} jivwiie vdi ok|izeìev' jy}cei}}'

nef vdczf }imvkz $mcvcrie ozkyx} kz EOK}# vk nffzi}} celzn}vzymvyzi c}}yi}%

]y}vnceceo fi|igkxìev2 ]y}vncenjgi fi|igkxìev c} filceif n} fi|igkxìev

vdnv ìiv} xzi}iev eiif} wcvdkyv zifymceo vdi njcgcvs kl lyvyzi oieiznvcke} vk

ìiv vdicz eiif}% ]y}vncenjgi fi|igkxìev xzk|cfi} n lznìwkza yefiz wdcmd

mk``yecvci} mne y}i envyzng zi}kyzmi} illcmcievgs' mzinvi illcmciev celzn}vzymvyzi}'

xzkvimv nef iednemi ~yngcvs kl gcli' nef mzinvi eiw jy}cei}}i} vk }vzieovdie vdi

imkek`s% ]y}vncenjgi lkz`} kl fi|igkxìev nzi kzcievif vkwnzf zifi|igkxìev'

ziy}i' nef zimsmgceo%

MKZI MK@@YECVS MNXNMCVS-JYCGFCEO NMVC\CVCI]

]vnjcgcrceo fc}vzi}}if mk``yecvci} zi~yczi} `kzi vdne mzinvceo eiw jy}cei}}

nmvc|cvs nef fimiev dky}ceo% Xnzv kl wdnv `nai} MIF yec~yi c} vdi

mk`xzidie}c|i imkek`cm fi|igkxìev }vznvios vdnv mk`jcei} xds}cmng

fi|igkxìev nmvc|cvci} wcvd ne nzzns kl mnxnmcvs-jycgfceo nmvc|cvci}% Mnxnmcvs-

jycgfceo nmvc|cvci} jycgf vdi njcgcvs kl cefc|cfyng} nef kzonecrnvcke} vk wkza

vkoivdiz vk vnai mkevzkg kl vdicz imkek`cm lyvyzi% Mk``yecvci} vdnv dn|i jycgv

mnxnmcvs mne vyze vdicz cfin} cevk nmvcke%

Itxnefceo' fc|iz}i' cemgy}c|i mcvcrie xnzvcmcxnvcke2 _dizi mnxnmcvs c} jiceo

jycgv' ne i|iz-cemzin}ceo ey`jiz kl xikxgi nzi cemgyfif nef xnzvcmcxnvi ce ngg

vsxi} kl mk``yecvs nmvc|cvci} nef fimc}cke}%

Iegnzoceo vdi ginfiz}dcx jn}i2 Mk``yecvs ginfiz} vdnv jzceo eiw xikxgi cevk

fimc}cke- naceo nzi jycgfceo mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs% Ng}k' xzk|cfceo kxxkzvyecvci}

vk nm~yczi }acgg} nef vk ginze nef xznmvcmi ginfiz}dcx c} ne c`xkzvnev xnzv kl

fi|igkxceo vdi mk``yecvs ginfiz}dcx jn}i%

]vzieovdieceo cefc|cfyng }acgg}2 N mk``yecvs vdnv y}i} n |nzcivs kl zi}kyzmi}

vk mzinvi kxxkzvyecvci} lkz cefc|cfyng} }acgg fi|igkxìev c} jycgfceo mk``yecvs

mnxnmcvs ce ne c`xkzvnev wns% N} cefc|cfyng} fi|igkx eiw }acgg} nef itxizvc}i'

vdi mnxnmcvs kl jkvd vdi cefc|cfyng nef vdi mk``yecvs c} cemzin}if%

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noiefn% ]ivvceo n mk``yecvs-wcfi noiefn c} kei wns vk yefiz}vnef nef `nenoi

mdneoi%


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@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >=

Cemzin}ceo vdi illimvc|iei}} kl mk``yecvs kzonecrnvcke} nef ce}vcvyvcke}2

Ngg vsxi} kl mc|cm kzonecrnvcke} nef vznfcvckeng ce}vcvyvcke}}ymd n} mdyzmdi}'

}mdkkg}' nef eiw}xnxiz}nzi vdi `nce}vns} kl mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs jycgfceo%

_die kzonecrnvcke} nef ce}vcvyvcke} nzi zye wigg nef illcmcievgs' vdi mk``yecvs

wcgg ji }vzkeoiz%

Y}ceo zi}kyzmi} illcmcievgs2 Cfinggs' vdi mk``yecvs }dkygf }igimv nef y}i

zi}kyzmi} ce vdi }nì wns n }`nzv mke}yìz `nai} n xyzmdn}i% Mk``yecvci}

dn|i vk jngnemi vdi y}i kl zi}kyzmi} vkfns wcvd vdi zi}kyzmi eiif} kl lyvyzi

oieiznvcke}% N mk``yecvs lnmi} `nes mdkcmi} ce nggkmnvceo zimkyz}i}% _dcmd

nmvc|cvci} kz xzkbimv} wcgg `nai vdi ji}v y}i kl }mnzmi zi}kyzmi}; ]dkygf vdi

mk``yecvs }iia itvizeng zi}kyzmi} kz zigs ke gkmnggs n|ncgnjgi zi}kyzmi}; Ce

`k}v mk``yecvci}' dy`ne mnxcvng c} vdi `k}v zinfcgs n|ncgnjgi zi}kyzmi% Xikxgi

nzi n mk``yecvs} `k}v |ngynjgi zi}kyzmi.

Vdi fiozii vk wdcmd inmd mk``yecvs }ymmi}}lyggs xzk`kvi} imkek`cm

fi|igkxìev fixief} ke vdi mk``yecvs} mnxnmcvs vk2

Yefiz}vnef vdi gkmng imkek`s'

Cfievcls ais okng}'

Fi}coe fknjgi nmvc|cvci} nef xzkbimv} vk nmdci|i vdi okng}' nef

Xzk|cfi ginfiz}dcx ce kjcgcrceo vdi xikxgi+zi}kyzmi} kl vdi gkmng imkek`s%

" " " " " " " " "

N GINZECEO @K@IEV

Zizinf vdi \kgyeviiz }vkzs einz vdi jioceeceo kl vdc} `kfygi%

_dnv wizi vdi }c`xgi vdceo} vdi mk``yecvs kl Ayjin}i fcf vk

jzceo nffcvckeng cemkì vk vdi mk``yecvs; Vk c`xzk|i vdicelzn}vzymvyzi; Vk c`xzk|i vdi zi}cfiev} ~yngcvs kl gcli;

" " " " " " " " "

Ekw cv c} vcì vk nxxgs wdnv sky dn|i by}v ginzeif njkyv MIF nef cv} mkzi

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$}vzieovd' winaei}}i}' kxxkzvyecvci}' nef vdzinv# nengs}c} c} n y}ilyg ìvdkf vk

mkggimv nef kzonecri celkz`nvcke% Sky `ns dn|i y}if vdc} vimdec~yi jilkzi vk

nengsri n xzc|nvi jy}cei}}%


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NMVC\CVS >2:

MK@@YECV S IMKEK@CM] ]_KV NEN GS]C]

Zi}cfiev} vief vk lkmy} ke xzkjgi`} cevizeng vk vdicz eicodjkzdkkf kzmk``yecvs wdie nengsrceo n }cvynvcke% Vdis klvie k|izgkka vdi mk``yecvs}

n}}iv} kz lncg vk mke}cfiz vdi itvizeng ie|czkeìev ce wdcmd vdi mk``yecvs

lyemvcke}%

]_KV nengs}c} $}vzieovd}' winaei}}i}' kxxkzvyecvci}' nef vdzinv}# digx}

zi}cfiev} vnai n `kzi jngnemif gkka nv vdicz mk``yecvs% ]_KV nengs}c} lkzmi}

zi}cfiev} vk cfievcls jkvd }vzieovd} nef winaei}}i} cevizeng vk vdi mk``yecvs

nef vk gkka nv kxxkzvyecvci} nef vdzinv} ce vdi }yzzkyefceo imkek`cm

ie|czkeìev n} wigg%

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zi}cfiev} nef+kz \kgyeviiz} wdk dn|i jiie ce vdi mkyevzs lkz }i|izng `kevd} vkxnzvcmcxnvi% Mdkk}i n gkmng mk``yecvs wcvd wdcmd sky nzi ln`cgcnz' }ymd n} skyz

vznceceo mk``yecvs% Y}i vdi lkz` nv vdi ief kl vdc} nmvc|cvs vk mk`xgivi n ]_KV

nengs}c}%

>% Gc}v vdi }vzieovd}' wdcmd nzi gkmnvif wcvdce vdi mk``yecvs nef iednemi cv}

imkek`cm xkvievcng kl vdi mk``yecvs% Itn`xgi}2 n }vnjgi gkmng ok|izeìev c}

}vnjgi' wkzaiz} nzi }acggif' vkwe c} ke n wigg-`ncevnceif dcodwns%

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cv} imkek`cm xkvievcng% Itn`xgi}2 Igimvzcmcvs oki} kll nef ke }i|izng vcì} n fns'

`k}v yei`xgksif wkzaiz} nzi ye}acggif' }imkefnzs }mdkkg fki} ekv itc}v ce vdi

mk``yecvs%

=% Gc}v vdi vdzinv} nef kxxkzvyecvci}% Vdi}i nzi kyv}cfi vdi mk``yecvs%

Zi|ciw vdi Mkzi Imkek`cm Ozkwvd Nmvc|cvci} nef vdi Mkzi Mk``yecvs

Mnxnmcvs-Jycgfceo Nmvc|cvci} ce vdc} `kfygi vk fiviz`cei cl vdizi nzi kvdiz cfin}

vdnv }dkygf ji cemgyfif ce skyz ]_KV nengs}c}%

Nlviz mk`xgivceo vdi ]_KV Nengs}c}2

Gkka nv inmd }vzieovd nef fiviz`cei nv gin}v kei nmvcke vk mnxcvngcri ke vdi

}vzieovd%

Gkka nv inmd winaei}} nef fiviz`cei kei nmvcke vdnv mkygf digx igc`cenvi

vdi winaei}}%

Mkevceyif


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Nmvc|cvs >2:' mkevceyif

Gkka nv inmd kxxkzvyecvs nef fiviz`cei nv gin}v kei nmvcke lkz vdi

mk``yecvs vk vnai nf|nevnoi kl vdi kxxkzvyecvs%

Gkka nv inmd vdzinv nef fiviz`cei nv gin}v kei nmvcke vk xzixnzi vdi

mk``yecvs vk fing wcvd vdi vdzinv%

]_KV nengs}c} mne ji vdi lcz}v celkz`nvcke-onvdizceo }vix ce fi}coeceo n MIF

xgne lkz n mk``yecvs%

_dk wkygf sky ce|kg|i ce mkefymvceo n mk``yecvs ]_KV nengs}c};

Mkevceyif


32/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkx`iev $MIF# >2:' mkevceyif

]_KV NENG S]C]

CEVIZENG

]vzieovd}2 _inaei}}i}2

ITVIZENG

Kxxkzvyecvci}2 Vdzinv}2


33/165


@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# >?

Vdizi nzi zc}a} nef mk}v} vk n xzkozn` kl nmvcke%

Jyv vdis nzi lnz gi}} vdne vdi gkeo-zneoi zc}a}

nef mk}v} kl mk`lkzvnjgi cenmvcke%

Bkde L% Aieeifs

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" " " " " " " " "


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@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF# :>

NMVC\CVS >2> Ziliziem i

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cemzin}i vdi cemkì kl mk``yecvs zi}cfiev}%


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@kfygi >2 Yefiz}vnefceo Mk``yecvs Imkek`cm Fi|igkxìev $MIF#

VZNCEIZ] EKVI] >

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YEFIZ]VNEFCE O MK@@Y ECVS IMKEK@CM

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yefiz}vnefceo%


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VZNCEIZ] EKVI] :

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Mne vdi nmvc|cvs ji nmmk`xgc}dif ce n zignvc|igs }dkzv vcì;

_dcmd zi}cfiev} wcgg vdi nmvc|cvs jieilcv;


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VZNCEIZ] EKVI] =

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vdizi nzi kvdiz cfin} vdnv }dkygf ji cemgyfif ce vdi ]_KV nengs}c}%

Mkevceyif


41/165



VZNCEIZ] EKVI] 6

Vznceiz} Ekvi}' Nmvc|cvs >2:' mkevceyif

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ginfiz}%


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@kfygi :

Mcv crieXnz v cm cxnv cke ceMIF


43/165


@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >

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MCVCR IE XNZVCMCXNVC KE CE MIF

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|cggnoi} }vzivmd ngkeo vdi |nggis jigkw vdi Xk|nr}as` `kyevnce

zneoi nef iebks n mgine nef jinyvclyg envyzng ie|czkeìev%

Vdi n}}kmcnvcke} okng} nzi $># vk }yxxkzv nef iemkyznoi }vzkeo

mc|cm gcli nef gkmng fi`kmznms1 $:# vk xyz}yi fi|igkxìev ce vdi

mkevitv kl vdi `cmzkziocke} }ximclcm imkek`cm' mygvyzng' dc}vkzcmng'

nef }kmcng mkevitv}1 $=# vk fi|igkx nef fc|iz}cls vdi `cmzkziocke

imkek`cmnggs1 nef $6# vk xyz}yi }y}vncenjgi nef ie|czkeìevnggs

}kyef fi|igkxìev% ]KVFY@ fki} vdc} mkemzivigs js lkmy}ceo ke

vdzii nzin}2 }`ngg jy}cei}} fi|igkxìev' vdi fi|igkxìev kl zyzng

vkyzc}`' nef mygvyzng nef dc}vkzcmng xzi}iz|nvcke nef ifymnvcke%

Myzziev xzkbimv} cemgyfi vdi fi|igkxìev kl n jcmsmgi zkyvi

mkeeimvceo `ymd kl vdi `cmzkziocke' xzi}iz|nvcke kl vdi Vkxkgmnesmn}vgi zyce' nef n xzkbimv wdizi oznefxnziev} ok vk }mdkkg} vk }dnzi

vdi dc}vkzs kl vdi ziocke% ]KVFY@' ce mkebyemvcke wcvd vdi mcvs kl

Vkxkgmnes' c} fi|igkxceo n vkyzc}v celkz`nvcke mieviz vdnv wcgg ng}k

}iz|i gkmng zi}cfiev} wcvd Cevizeiv nmmi}} nef jy}cei}} celkz`nvcke

}iz|cmi}%

Lzk` vcì vk vcì ]KVFY@ }xke}kz} xyjgcm i|iev}' }ymd n} n vznfi

}dkw' }dkwmn}ceo gkmng jy}cei}}i} nef vdicz xzkfymv} n} wigg n}

vdk}i kl gkmng mznlv}ìe1 ne yemke|ievckeng jknv mk`xivcvcke1 nef

n envckeng dc}vkzs nef oikoznxds jii lkz }ctvd oznfiz}%

Vdi xnzvcmcxnev} ce vdc} itviefif MIF xzkozn` n}}i}}if vdiczmk``yecvci}' fiviz`ceif vdicz okng}' fimcfif wdcmd xzkbimv} wizi

c`xkzvnev' fi|igkxif nmvcke xgne}' nef nzi ekw ce vdi xzkmi}} kl

c`xgiìevceo vdi xzkbimv}%

_die vdi \kgyeviiz nzzc|if nv diz }cvi vdi n}}kmcnvcke wn} ce

kxiznvcke% N }coeclcmnev xnzv kl vdi \kgyeviiz} bkj c} mkkzfcenvceo


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF :

vdi illkzv} kl ozkyx} ce ngg vdzii }imvkz} kl }kmcivs ce vdi |nzcky}

|cggnoi} nef }dnzceo xzkbimv celkz`nvcke jivwiie ozkyx}% Diz gnvi}v

nmvc|cvs ce|kg|i} vdi xyjgcmnvcke kl n xzkbimv eiw}givviz vk fc}}i`cenvi

celkz`nvcke ke ]KVFY@ xzkbimv} vk ngg }vnaidkgfiz}%

" " " " " " " " "

Mcvcrie xnzvcmcxnvcke c} n mzcvcmng lnmvkz ce }ymmi}}lyg mk``yecvs imkek`cm

fi|igkxìev $MIF#% Vdi `nvizcng} nef itxizcievcng nmvc|cvci} ce vdc} `kfygi

fznw skyz nvvievcke vk vdi c`xkzvnemi kl cefc|cfyng nef ozkyx xnzvcmcxnvcke ce

MIF% N ey`jiz kl }ximclcm vimdec~yi} nzi fi}mzcjif vdnv mne cemzin}i nef

`ncevnce mcvcrie} xnzvcmcxnvcke% ]i|ie mk``nefìev} nzi cemgyfif vk digx

filcei vdi zkgi kl Xinmi Mkzx} \kgyeviiz} $XM\}# ce xzk`kvceo xnzvcmcxnvcke%

Nlviz mk`xgivceo vdc} `kfygi' sky wcgg dn|i vdi aekwgifoi' }acgg}' nef nvvcvyfi}

vk2

Itxgnce vdi jieilcv} nef xzk|cfi itn`xgi} kl dkw mcvcrie} mne jimkì

ce|kg|if ce vdi MIF xzkmi}}%

Fi}mzcji nmvcke} n \kgyeviiz mkygf vnai vk `k|i mk``yecvs zi}cfiev} vk n

dcodiz gi|iz kl xnzvcmcxnvcke%

Cfievcls lc|i nmvc|cvci} n mk``yecvs `codv yefizvnai vk c`xzk|i vdi ~yngcvs

kl gcli kl vdicz zi}cfiev} js mzinvceo eiw mk``yecvs wingvd%

Oc|i itn`xgi} kl dkw inmd kl vdi vdzii }imvkz} kl }kmcivs' ok|izeìev

$xyjgcm#' jy}cei}} $xzc|nvi#' nef mk``yecvs $mc|cg }kmcivs# mne xnzvcmcxnvi ce

MIF%

CEVZKFYMVCKE VK XNZVCMCXNVCKE

Xnzvcmcxnvkzs xgneeceo' xnzvcmcxnvkzs `kecvkzceo nef i|ngynvcke' nef

xnzvcmcxnvkzs nengs}c} nzi vdi fi|igkxìev ivdkf} jiceo xzk`kvif ce vdi :>}v

mievyzs% Vdizi nzi okkf zin}ke} lkz vdc} i`xdn}c} ke xnzvcmcxnvcke% Xnzvcmcxnvcke

js xzkbimv }vnaidkgfiz}' cemgyfceo jieilcmcnzci}' cemzin}i} vdi kff} vdnv vdi

xzkbimv wcgg ìiv gkmng eiif}' wcgg ji mygvyznggs nmmixvnjgi' wcgg ji njgi vk

`kjcgcri nfi~ynvi zi}kyzmi}' nef wcgg ji gkeo-gc|if%

Vk nmdci|i MIF okng} kl c`xzk|ceo vdi mk``yecvs} imkek`cm }cvynvcke nef

jycgfceo mk``yecvs mnxnmcvs zi~yczi} vdi xnzvcmcxnvcke kl cefc|cfyng zi}cfiev}'

kzonecrnvcke}' nef ce}vcvyvcke}% Vdi itxizciemi kl vdi Xinmi Mkzx} nef kvdiz

fi|igkxìev ozkyx} }yooi}v} vdnv vdizi c} n }coeclcmnev mkzzignvcke jivwiie vdi

gi|ig nef cevie}cvs kl xikxgi} ieonoiìev ce n xzkbimv nef vdi c`xnmv kl vdi

fi|igkxìev nmvc|cvs%

Vdi MIF bkyzeis c} n ozkyx vkyz% Nzi sky xzixnzif vk ji n vkyz oycfi; N} sky

en|convi vdzkyod skyz vwk sinz} kl Xinmi Mkzx} }iz|cmi' skyz xnzvcmcxnvcke ce

MIF wcgg }vns ke mkyz}i cl sky kjis vdi}i }i|ie mk``nefìev}%

Fk ekv fk vdceo} lkz xikxgi%

Fk digx vdi` fk cv vdi`}ig|i} nef ginze%


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF =

Fk ekv n}}yì xikxgi }dkygf fk vdceo} vdi wns wi fk vdi` ce vdi Y%]%

_dnv wkza} lkz y} `ns ekv wkza lkz vdi`%

Fk zi}ximv gkmng |ngyi}' vznfcvcke}' nef ceoieycvs% Vzinv vdi` n}

jycgfceo jgkma}' ekv c`xifcìev}%

Fk ekv vzs vk xy}d xikxgi jiskef n xnmi nef }mngi vdnv itmiif} vdicz

vimdecmng nef `nenoizcng mnxnjcgcvs%

Fk i}vnjgc}d zingc}vcm itximvnvcke} njkyv vdi vsxi nef n`kyev kl

xzkozi}} vdnv mne ji nmdci|if wcvdce n oc|ie vcì lznì%

Fk ekv i}vnjgc}d n zignvcke}dcx jn}if ke skyz jiceo `kzi aekwgifoinjgi kz

kvdizwc}i }yxizckz%

Fk i}vnjgc}d n zignvcke}dcx jn}if ke n xnzveiz}dcx nxxzknmd ce wdcmd

sky ginze lzk` inmd kvdiz%

Fk ekv cevzkfymi vimdekgkos vdnv vdi xikxgi mneekv kxiznvi' `ncevnce'

zixncz' nef zixgnmi y}ceo vdicz kwe lcenemcng zi}kyzmi}%

Fk i`xdn}cri y}i kl gkmnggs n|ncgnjgi zi}kyzmi}' `nvizcng}' nef }yxxgci}

wdie xk}}cjgi%

Fk ekv jn}i skyz iok lyglcggìev ke dkw `ymd `nvizcng nef imkek`cm

xzkozi}} sky xiz}kenggs xzk`kvi nef oiv mzifcv lkz%

Fk jn}i skyz iok lyglcggìev ke vdi xzkozi}} xikxgi `nai ce c`xzk|ceo

vdicz xzkfymvc|i mnxnjcgcvs nef kvdiz }kmcng once}%

Fk ekv n}}yì n ginfiz}dcx }vsgi jn}if ke ne nyvdkzcvnvc|i' lkzmilyg

nxxzknmd%

Fk n}}yì n ginfiz}dcx }vsgi vdnv xzk`kvi} vdi mkemixv vdnv wdie vdi

vn}a c} fkei vdi xikxgi }ns' _i fcf cv kyz}ig|i}%

$Nfnxvif lzk` Enk`c Vcgg' Xinmi Mkzx}+Ecmnznoyn#

Vdi lkggkwceo nmvc|cvs }dkw} dkw skyz nxxzknmd vk xnzvcmcxnvcke mne nllimv ne

cefc|cfyng} mzinvc|cvs nef gi|ig kl ce|kg|iìev%


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF 6

NMVC\CVS :2>

MKEEIMV VD I GCEI] KZ MK@XGIVI VDI XCMVYZI]

Vzne}gnvi vdi ce}vzymvcke} mkeeimv vdi gcei} nef mk`xgivi vdi xcmvyzi cevk vdigkmng gneoynoi% @nai iekyod xdkvkmkxci} kl vdi xnoi wcvd gcei fznwceo} lkz

inmd ì`jiz kl skyz dk}v ln`cgs' kvdiz} sky wkygf gcai vk dn|i xnzvcmcxnvi ce

vdc} itizmc}i' nef skyz}igl%

Myv vdi }diiv} ce dngl% Oc|i xnzvcmcxnev}' cemgyfceo skyz}igl' vdi vkx dngl kl vdi

xnoi nef n}a vdi` vk mkeeimv vdi gcei}% _die vdis dn|i lcec}dif' oc|i vdi` vdi

jkvvk` dngl' nef n}a vdi` vk mk`xgivi vdi xcmvyzi}% ]dnzi jkvd fznwceo} wcvd

kvdiz} ce vdi ozkyx%

Fc}my}} dkw inmd xnzvcmcxnev ligv mkeeimvceo vdi gcei} nef mk`xgivceo vdi

xcmvyzi}%

_dcmd vn}a fcf xikxgi iebks `kzi;

_dcmd kl vdi vwk vn}a} wizi xnzvcmcxnev} kzi itmcvif njkyv; _ds;

_dcmd kl vdi vwk ce}vzymvcke} gif vk mzinvc|i ce|kg|iìev lzk` xnzvcmcxnev};

Ginzeceo}2

_dnv fcf sky ginze lzk` vdc} itizmc}i; Vsxcmng mkemgy}cke} lzk` vdc} itizmc}i2

Mkeeimv vdi gcei} zi~yi}v} n gc`cvif n`kyev kl xnzvcmcxnvcke nef vdnv c}

wdnv sky y}ynggs oiv% Xikxgi mk``kegs gkka lkz vdi gcei vdnv c} `c}}ceo nef

lcgg cv ce%

Mk`xgivi vdi xcmvyzi iemkyznoi} cefc|cfyng} vk |c}yngcri wdnv `codv ji'

wdnv mne ji mzinvif }vnzvceo wcvd n liw }c`xgi gcei}% Vdc} ce}vzymvcke c} `kzi

i`xkwizceo%

Ekvi dkw ìzigs mdneoceo vdi ce}vzymvcke} nllimvif vdi zi}ygv}%

_dnv oieizngcrnvcke} mne ji `nfi njkyv dkw xnzvcmcxnev} nzi n}aif vk jimkì

ce|kg|if ce ne nmvc|cvs;

Dkw mne sky nxxgs wdnv sky dn|i ginzeif wdie zi~yi}vceo mcvcrie}

xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF nmvc|cvci} nef xzkbimv};

Mkevceyif


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Nmvc|cvs :2>' mkevceyif

MKEEIMV VDI GCEI]

Vzne}gnvcke2

MK@XGIVI VDI XCMVYZI]

Vzne}gnvcke2


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF 8 `ceyvi} vk fznw% Itxgnce vdnv cl vdis liig vdis mnev fznw' vdis mne

y}i }vcma lcoyzi}%

N}a cefc|cfyng} vk }dnzi vdicz fznwceo} nef fi}mzcji dkw vdis }ii

mk``yecvs ì`jiz} xnzvcmcxnvceo% Mne sky cfievcls wdcmd gi|ig kl

xnzvcmcxnvcke' jn}if ke vdi fc}my}}cke njk|i' cefc|cfyng} nzi itxzi}}ceo ce

vdicz xcmvyzi};

Mke}cfiz mk`jceceo vdi fznwceo} cevk n ozkyx `yzng% Ji mzinvc|i1 `nai vdi

`yzng n wkza kl nzv% Fc}xgns cv ce n mk``ke nzin n} n zi`cefiz kl vdi |ngyi

kl xnzvcmcxnvcke%

Ce fijzcilceo vdi nmvc|cvs' ieonoi vdi ozkyx ce n fc}my}}cke kl wdnv eiif} vk

dnxxie vk `k|i vdi` vk n dcodiz gi|ig kl xnzvcmcxnvcke% Itxgkzi mygvyzng

ekz`} vdnv `ns nllimv vdi xnzvcmcxnvcke kl mizvnce mk``yecvs ì`jiz}% Y}ivdi}i ce}codv} cevk xnzvcmcxnvcke ce xgneeceo nef c`xgiìevceo MIF

nmvc|cvci} nef xzkbimv}%


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VIMDEC^YI] LKZ CEMZIN]CEO XNZVCMCXNVCKE

_ds fk xikxgi xnzvcmcxnvi ce MIF; Xikxgi bkce ce mk``yecvs illkzv} lkz |nzcky}

zin}ke} nef vk zimic|i fclliziev acef} kl jieilcv}% ]kì xnzvcmcxnvi jimny}i kl

c}}yi} vdnv cevizi}v vdi`% Kvdiz} xnzvcmcxnvi lkz xiz}keng kz }kmcng zin}ke}% Nef

kvdiz} xnzvcmcxnvi lkz n mk`jcenvcke kl ngg vdzii zin}ke}% Vdi ginfiz}dcx }vsgi nef

vdi mgc`nvi kl ne kzonecrnvcke ng}k celgyiemi vk wdnv fiozii xikxgi xnzvcmcxnvi%

" " " " " " " " "

N GINZECEO @K@IEV

_dnv `kvc|nvi} sky vk xnzvcmcxnvi; _die sky jimnì

ce|kg|if ce ne kzonecrnvcke kz ozkyx' wdnv `kvc|nvif skycv}

mny}i' vdi kxxkzvyecvs vk n}}kmcnvi wcvd xikxgi sky iebks' n

mdnemi vk mkevzcjyvi' xiz}keng jieilcv' kz kvdiz; _ds fcf sky

fimcfi vk xnzvcmcxnvi ce vdi Xinmi Mkzx}; Nengsrceo skyz

`kvc|nvcke lkz xnzvcmcxnvcke c} n lcz}v }vix ce yefiz}vnefceo wdnv

`kvc|nvi} kvdiz} vk xnzvcmcxnvi%

" " " " " " " " "

Fk ekv itximv i|izskei vk ngwns} xnzvcmcxnvi% Vdi c`xkzvnev vdceo c} vk gin|i

vdi fkkz wcfi kxie lkz xnzvcmcxnvcke js n}aceo lkz cfin} nef cexyv% Ne

kzonecrnvcke }dkygf ekv ji n kei wk`ne kz `ne }dkw% Zimkoecrceo nef

nffzi}}ceo xikxgi} mkemize}ln`cgs xzkjgi`}' jy}s }mdifygi}' nef lcenemcng

wkzzci} oki} n gkeo wns vkwnzf `ncevnceceo dingvds xnzvcmcxnvcke%

@nes xikxgi lcz}v bkce ce n MIF illkzv jimny}i vdis nzi mkemizeif njkyv n

xnzvcmygnz mk``yecvs c}}yi' }ymd n} skyvd} nmmi}} vk fzyo}' yei`xgksìev' kz

gnma kl `yecmcxng }iz|cmi}% Cl vdi MIF ozkyx c} ekv nffzi}}ceo vdnv xnzvcmygnz

c}}yi kz c} ekv nffzi}}ceo cv nmvc|igs' vdi}i xikxgi nzi gcaigs vk }vkx xnzvcmcxnvceo%

Ng}k' wdie ìivceo} nzi }mdifygif' vdi xgnmi' nef vdi lzi~yiems `ns ji lnmvkz}

ce gkw xnzvcmcxnvcke%

]iv zingc}vcm itximvnvcke}% Vdc} myv} fkwe ke lzy}vznvcke nef fc}mkyznoiìev

jimny}i kl gkw xnzvcmcxnvcke%

>% Xikxgi }dkygf ji mk`lkzvnjgi wcvd vdi cfin vdnv i|izskei fki} ekv eiif vk

xnzvcmcxnvi ce vdi }nì wns nef n}}yzif vdnv vdicz mkevzcjyvcke} nzi |ngynjgi%

:% Sky `ns ekv eiif gnzoi vyzekyv} nv i|izs ìivceo% ]iv okng} lkz nvviefnemi

nef xnzvcmcxnvcke jn}if ke vdi wkza vdnv eiif} vk oiv fkei%

=% I}vnjgc}d n ì`jiz}dcx mk` cvvii wdk}i bkj cv c} vk fi|igkx xgne} lkz

zimzycvceo eiw ì`jiz}%


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >8

6% Ji zingc}vcm njkyv wdnv xikxgi mne fk' oc|ie vdi kvdiz zi}xke}cjcgcvci} ce

vdicz gc|i}% Zi}ximv ngg mkevzcjyvcke}' ek `nvviz dkw }`ngg%

]yz|is xnzvcmcxnev} xizckfcmnggs vk `nai }yzi vdi MIF ozkyx c} zinggs

zixzi}ievceo xikxgi} mkemize} nef vdi fkkz c} wcfi kxie lkz xnzvcmcxnvcke%

>% Mkefymv n }yz|is vk ginze $># wdcmd c}}yi} nzi vdi dcodi}v xzckzcvs' $:# vdi

ji}v gkmnvcke' fns' nef vcì lkz ìivceo}' $=# dkw cefc|cfyng} wkygf gcai vk

xnzvcmcxnvi' nef $6# wdnv }acgg} nef vngiev} vdis nzi cevizi}vif ce mkevzcjyvceo%

:% Vdi }yz|is }dkygf ji xyv vkoivdiz js zixzi}ievnvc|i} kl vdi ozkyx nef

fc}vzcjyvif fkkz-vk-fkkz%

=% Xyjgcmcri vdi zi}ygv} kl vdi }yz|is% Xikxgi eiif vk aekw vdicz |kcmi} dn|i

jiie dinzf%

6% Mkefymv n }yz|is xizckfcmnggs' }ns kemi n sinz' jimny}i mk``yecvci}

mdneoi%

Dkgf illimvc|i ìivceo} vk aiix xikxgi ce|kg|if% Vdi kxxk}cvi wcgg mny}i

xikxgi vk fzkx kyv%

>% I|izs illkzv }dkygf ji `nfi vk dn|i ìivceo} }vnzv nef ief ke vcìke

vcì dn} fclliziev ìneceo} ce fclliziev mygvyzi}%

:% Noiefn} }dkygf ji xzixnzif nef fc}vzcjyvif ce nf|nemi% Noiefn} }ief n

mginz ì}}noi}kìvdceo wcgg dnxxie n} ne kyvmkì kl vdi ìivceo% Oiv

Dn|i i|izskei nozii ke vdi noiefn nv vdi jioceeceo kl vdi ìivceo%

=% Ji mginz njkyv wdk }dkygf ji nv vdi iivceo% Jkzif xikxgi fk ekv }vns

ce|kg|if%

6% Fk ekv dkgf yeeimi}}nzs iivceo}%

_dnv lkggkw} c} ne itn`xgi kl ne noiefn fi}coeif vk n}}yzi xnzvcmcxnev}

]kìvdceo wcgg dnxxie n} n zi}ygv kl vdc} ìivceo nef skyz vcì wcgg ekv ji

wn}vif% Y}i cv lkz cfin} wdie sky eiif vk fznlv ne noiefn%


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >>

NOIEFN

Ozkyx+@iivceo Enì [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fnvi [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Vcì2 lzk` [[[[[[[[[[[ vk [[[[[[[[[[[[

Gkmnvcke2 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

@iivceo Ginfiz2 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Xyzxk}i2 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fi}czif Kyvmkì}2 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Nmvcke Xgne vk Nmdci|i Fi}czif Kyvmkì}2

_dnv

wcgg ji fkei;

Dkw

wcgg cv ji fkei;

_dk

wcgg fk cv;

Js wdnv vcì;


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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >:

Kzonecri |c}cjgi nmvc|cvci} vk xzk`kvi vdi wkza nef xzkozi}} kl n MIF ozkyx%

>% Xyjgcmcri vdi ozkyx} nmvc|cvci} nef nmdci|i iev}' lzk` vdi jcooi}v vk vdi

}`nggi}v' ce vdi ìfcn nef+kz ce n eiw}givviz%

:% Itn`xgi} kl mkemzivi nef |c}cjgi MIF nmvc|cvci} cemgyfi li}vc|ng}' }vziiv

mgine-yx}' nef dc}vkzcmng nzaiz}%

]mdifygi }kmcng vcì nef }kmcng nmvc|cvci}% ]kmcngcrnvcke mzinvi} n ozinviz }ie}i

kl ce|kg|iìev nef c}' ce lnmv' n ais zin}ke wds xikxgi bkce nef xnzvcmcxnvi ce

mk``yecvs ozkyx}% Ngg wkza nef ek xgns `nai} lkz n fygg ozkyx%

>% ]mdifygi }kmcng vcì nv }kì xkcev ce ìivceo}`k}v ozkyx} fk cv nv vdi

jioceeceo kz vdi ief kl vdi ìivceo%

:% Lkz` n }kmcng mk``cvvii vk xgne ekv kegs }kmcng vcì nv ìivceo}' jyv ng}k

xnzvci} nef kvdiz }ximcng i|iev}% Vdi}i i|iev} `codv cemkzxkznvi lyefznc}ceo

lkz vdi kzonecrnvcke%

]dnzi zi}kyzmi} nef celkz`nvcke wcvd xnzvcmcxnev}% Vdc} c} n mkemzivi wns ce

wdcmd ne kzonecrnvcke mne jieilcv cv} ì`jiz}%

>% Xyjgc}d gc}v} ce skyz eiw}givviz kl c`xkzvnev xdkei ey jiz}' kzonecrnvcke}'

nef i|iev} vdnv wcgg ji kl cevizi}v vk xikxgi nef+kz fc}vzcjyvi vdi}i gc}v} nv

ìivceo}%

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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >=

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VDI VD ZII ]IMVKZ] XNZVC MCXNVC KE CE MIF

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@kfygi :2 Mcvcrie Xnzvcmcxnvcke ce MIF >6

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