Elizabeth I and Ireland: the Politics and Culture of Conquest History MA, February-March 2018

Ruth A. Canning

Department of History and Politics, Liverpool Hope University Office: AJB076

Email: canninr@hope.ac.uk Tel: ext. 3288

Course Description Elizabethan Ireland (1558-1603) was the experimental training-ground for Britain’s colonial empire as well as an internationally recognised theatre for the struggle between Europe’s old and new Christian traditions. Focussing on the three main ethno-cultural groupings residing in Ireland during Elizabeth I’s reign, this seminar will draw on cultural and ethnic discourses to explore issues of segregation, acculturation, and accommodation between natives and newcomers. Ideologies of conquest and colonisation will be assessed through an analysis of various colonial projects and proposals. The role of religion in shaping colonial ambitions will also be explored, as will the emergence of nationalist thought and patriotic propaganda in late Elizabethan Ireland.

Course Structure This course will incorporate lectures, student led seminars, and class discussions over the course of five 3 hour seminars on Tuesdays. Each seminar will focus on a specific theme relating to the Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland, and students will be expected to read, present, and discuss primary literature according to the topic being discussed each week. Course Aims

• Acquire an advanced knowledge of key cultural, social, religious and political shifts in Elizabethan Ireland

• Explore Elizabethan concepts of civility, barbarity, and cultural degeneration • Introduce students to primary sources representing different socio-political

interests and viewpoints on events and affairs in early modern Ireland • Assess the success and failure of conquest, colonisation, and religious reform in

Ireland • Develop writing, communication and presentation skills

Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to: • Identify and analyse the main points of contention between crown and community

in Elizabethan Ireland • Critically assess primary sources representing ethnographic and cultural

depictions of different peoples • Gain an informed understanding of the ideologies of conquest and colonisation in

Elizabethan Ireland • Present cogent arguments which engage with current historiographical debates

Moodle: All students enrolled in this course have access to ‘Moodle’ and should consult it regularly. I will, periodically, post information, including reading materials, instructions, or announcements, on Moodle. Useful Texts

• Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the age of the Tudors, 1447-1603: English expansion and the end of Gaelic rule, (2nd ed., Harlow, 1998)

• Lennon, C. Sixteenth-Century Ireland: The Incomplete Conquest. 2nd Ed. (Dublin, 2005)

Course Outline Introduction: Putting Ireland and the Elizabethan Conquest in Context

• David Edwards, “Ireland: security and conquest,” in Susan Doran and Norman Jones (eds.), The Elizabethan World, (Abington, 2011), pp. 182-200.

• Hiram Morgan, “‘Never Any Realm Worse Governed’: Queen Elizabeth and Ireland,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 14 (2004), pp. 295-308.

Ethnic Tensions and Cultural Accommodation

• Nicholas P. Canny, “The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America,” The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 30, No. 4 (1973), pp. 575-598.

• Vincent Carey, “‘Neither good English nor good Irish’: bi-lingualism and identity formation in sixteenth-century Ireland,” in Hiram Morgan (ed.), Political Ideology in Ireland, 1541-1641, (Dublin, 1999), pp. 45-61.

• Edmund Spenser, A View of the State of Ireland, A. Hadfield and W. Maley (eds.), (Oxford, 1997), pp. 53-75.

• Richard Stanihurst, “On Ireland’s Past,” in Colm Lennon, Richard Stanihurst the Dubliner, 1547-1618: A Biography with a Standard Text On Ireland’s Past. (Blackrock, 1981), pp. 131-160.

Colonial Ideologies and Implementation

• Hiram Morgan, H, “The Colonial Venture of Sir Thomas Smith in Ulster, 1571-1575,” The Historical Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2 (1985), pp. 261-278. (Available through JSTOR)

• D.B. Quinn (ed.), “‘A Discourse of Ireland’ (Circa 1599): A Sidelight on English Colonial Policy,” Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 47, Section C (1942), pp. 151-166. (Available through JSTOR)

• R. A. Canning, “‘May she be rewarded in heauen for righting her poore subiects in Irelande’: Lawyer Richard Hadsor and the Authorship of an Elizabethan Treatise on Ireland,” The Irish Jurist, Vol. 55 (2016), pp. 1-24.

Religious Reform: Success and Failure

• Nicholas P. Canny, “Why the Reformation Failed in Ireland: Une Question Mal Posée,” Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 30 (1979), pp. 423-50.

• Steven G. Ellis, “Economic Problems of the Church: Why the Reformation Failed in Ireland,” Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (1990), pp. 239-265.

• CSPI, Vol. 6, pp. 13-17. SP 63/191/8. 6 July 1596. William Lyon, Bishop of Cork and Ross, to Lord Hudson. https://archive.org/stream/calendarireland06greauoft#page/13/mode/1up

• CSPI, Vol. 9, 76-80. SP 63/207(2)/92. 7 April 1600. Lord Chancellor Adam Loftus and Thomas Jones, Bishop of Meath, to John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury. https://archive.org/stream/1903calendarofstatep09greauoft#page/75/mode/1up

Nationalism and Propaganda • Hiram Morgan, “Hugh O’Neill and the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland,”

Historical Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1 (1993), pp. 21-37. (Available through JSTOR) • Hiram Morgan, “Faith and Fatherland or Queen and Country? An Unpublished

Exchange Between O’Neill and the State at the Height of the Nine Years War,” Dúiche Néill, Vol. 9 (1994), pp. 1-49. http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Proclamation.pdf

• CSPI, Vol. 7, pp. 358-359. SP 63/202(3)/168(II). 11 Mar. 1598. Hugh O’Neill to James Fitzpiers Fitzgerald. https://archive.org/stream/1895calendarofstatep07greauoft#page/358/mode/1up

Leading A Seminar Each student will be expected to introduce a primary document to the class and place it in its historical context by highlighting its relevance to the theme being discussed in that seminar. Particular attention should be paid to the cultural, social, and political attitudes represented in each document or excerpt. Assessment Assessment is based on one 3,000 word essay worth 100%. The word count includes footnotes/endnotes, but excludes the bibliography. Essays should be diligently referenced according to the Department’s guidelines and should be submitted via TURNITIN by DATE. Essay Questions a) To what extent did ideas about race and ethnicity influence colonial discourses on Ireland? b) What was more important in determining English colonial policy in Ireland: economy; strategic defence; or religion? Discuss. c) What factors influenced the development of faith and fatherland nationalist ideology in Elizabethan Ireland? Online Resources

• British History Online Guides and Calendars http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue/guides-and-calendars

• The British Library The 1500’s http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/timeline/accessvers/1500s/index.html

• The British Library: Ireland: Propaganda and Plantations http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/uk/ireland/irelandintro.html

• Corpus of Electronic Texts (CELT) http://celt.ucc.ie/publishd.html

• Dictionary of Irish Biography http://dib.cambridge.org/

• John Derrick, The mage of Ireland, (London, 1581) http://www.docs.is.ed.ac.uk/docs/lib-archive/bgallery/Gallery/researchcoll/ireland.html

• Internet Archive https://archive.org

• Multitext Project in Irish History, Cork http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/History_of_Early_Modern_IrelandSample_materials_1494--1815

• National Library of Ireland http://www.nli.ie/en/intro/catalogues-and-databases-introduction.aspx

• Oxford University, Bodleian Library Manuscripts http://image.ox.ac.uk/list?collection=bodleian

• University of Cambridge Maps: “The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine” http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-ATLAS-00002-00061-00001/38

Key Primary Sources

• Calendar of State Papers: Carew MSS. 6 vols. (London, 1867–1873). • Calendar of State Papers: Ireland (London) • Chapters Towards A History of Ireland in the Reign of Elizabeth, being a portion

of the History of Catholic Ireland by Philip O’Sullivan Beare, M.J. Byrne (trans.), (London, 1970).

• Derricke, J., The Image of Irelande, (London, 1581), D.B. Quinn (ed.), (Belfast, 1925)

• Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters, J. O'Donovan (ed.), (1851). • Maley W., (ed.), “The Supplication of the Blood of the English Most Lamentably

Murdered in Ireland, Cryeng Out of the Yearth for Revenge (1598),” Analecta Hibernica, No. 36 (1995), pp. 3-77.

• Maxwell, Constantia. Irish History from Contemporary Sources (1509-1610). London, 1923)

• Pacata Hibernia, 2 vols. S. O'Grady (ed.), (London, 1896). • Perrot, J. The Chronicle of Ireland, 1584-1608, Wood, H. (ed.). (Dublin, 1933). • Spenser, E. A View of the State of Ireland, A. Hadfield and W. Maley (eds.)

(Oxford, 1997). • Stanyhurst, R. De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis: J. Barry and H. Morgan (eds.),

Great Deeds in Ireland: Richard Stanihurst’s De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis, (Cork University Press, 2013)

Key Secondary Works

• Bradshaw, B., The Irish Constitutional Revolution of the Sixteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1979)

• Brady, C., Chief Governors: the Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Ireland, (Cambridge, 2002)

• Brady, C. and Gillespie, R. (eds.), Natives and Newcomers: Essays on the Making of Irish Colonial Society, 1534-1641, (Blackrock, 1986)

• Canny, N., Making Ireland British 1580–1650, (Oxford 2001) • Canny, N., Kingdom and Colony: Ireland in Atlantic World, (Baltimore 1988) • Connolly, S.J., Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630, (Oxford, 2007) • Corish, P.J. Radicals, Rebels and Establishments: Historical Studies XV.

(Belfast, 1985). • Coughlan, P. (ed.). Spenser and Ireland: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.

(Cork, 1989). • Crawford, J.C., Anglicizing the Government of Ireland, (Dublin, 1993) • Edwards, D. The Ormond Lordship in County Kilkenny, 1515-1642: The Rise

and Fall of Butler Feudal Power. (Dublin, 2003) • Edwards, D., “Ireland: Security and Conquest,” in S. Doran and N. Jones (eds.)

The Elizabethan World, (Abington, 2011), pp. 182-200 • Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the age of the Tudors, 1447-1603: English expansion and

the end of Gaelic rule, (2nd ed., Harlow, 1998) • Ford, A. The Protestant Reformation in Ireland, 1590-1641. (Dublin, 1997) • Hadfield, A. Edmund Spenser’s Irish Experience: Wilde Fruit and Salvage Soyl,

(Oxford, 1997) • Hadfield, A. and McVeagh, J. (eds.) Strangers to That Land: British Perceptions

of Ireland from the Reformation to the Famine. (Buckinghamshire, 1994) • Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations, (Dublin, 2010) • Lennon, C. Sixteenth-Century Ireland: The Incomplete Conquest. 2nd Ed.

(Dublin, 2005) • Lennon, C., The Lords of Dublin in the Age of Reformation, (Blackrock, 1989) • Lennon, C., Richard Stanihurst the Dubliner, 1547-1618: A Biography with a

Standard Text On Ireland’s Past. (Blackrock, 1981) • McGowan-Doyle, V., The Book of Howth: the Elizabethan Conquest and the Old

English, (Cork, 2011) • McGurk, J. The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: The 1590s Crisis.

(Manchester, 1997) • Montaño, J.P., The roots of English colonialism in Ireland, (Cambridge, 2011) • Moody, T.W.; Martin, F.X. and Byrne, F.J. (eds.). A New History of Ireland

Early Modern Ireland, 1534-1691. Vol. 3. (Oxford, 1976) • Morgan, H., Tyrone's Rebellion: the outbreak of the Nine Years in Tudor Ireland,

(Woodbridge, 1993). • Murray, J., Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland, (Cambridge, 2009) • Nicholls, K.W., Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland, (Dublin, 2003) • Silke, J.J. Kinsale: The Spanish Intervention in Ireland at the End of the

Elizabethan Wars. (Liverpool, 1970)