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Applying the Nebraska Intellectual Freedom
Manual at Your Library
Michael Elsener, Tim Lentz, Todd Schlechte
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How would you define Intellectual Freedom?
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Intellectual Freedom Defined by ALA
Intellectual freedom is the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction. It provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question, cause or movement may be explored. http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/censorship/faq
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So much more than fighting censorship!
The Intellectual Freedom Round Table’s manual addresses
fundamental rights for patrons.
● Access to resources● Filtering software● Privacy● Copyright issues● Meeting room usage● Minor’s rights● Labeling materials● Free speech
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Why did we need a new
manual?● Last update was 2004
● The team decided to start from scratch and not edit
● Available digitally for free, or can be purchased in print for
your library
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Mission and Responsibilities of the Office for Intellectual Freedom
● Mission: “Established December 1, 1967, the office for intellectual freedom is charged with implementing ALA policies concerning the concept of intellectual freedom as embodied in the Library Bill of Rights, the Association’s basic policy on free access to libraries and library materials.”
● Responsibilities: “The goal of the office is to educate librarians and the general public about the nature and importance of intellectual freedom in libraries and to support librarians, teachers, and administrators undergoing a material of service challenge.”
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Censorship Practices
Active Practices
● Redaction ● Removal● Restriction● Relocation
Passive Practices
● Self-censorship● Bias
Knox, Emily History of Intellectual Freedom and Censorship ALA Webinar 2016
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Models of Censorship
● State Sponsored● Institutional ● Individual
Knox, Emily History of Intellectual Freedom and Censorship ALA Webinar 2016
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Challenge Stories
1. Discuss challenges you have faced at your library.
2. What was the outcome?3. How could the process have been
improved? Hand out provided: http://kpla.org/wp-content/uploads/Intellectual-Freedom-and-Customer-Service-Handout.pdf
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“Buddha at the Gate, Running” by Jamie LaRue
Why people challenge materials
Think of the strengths of patrons who challenge:
● They use the library and value literacy● Their kids use the library● Parents pay attention to their kids library
use● Parents have a clear value set and want to
instill values in kids● They have taken the time to talk directly to
the library about their collection
Rules for working with people:
1. Apologize2. Don’t be defensive, listen3. Restate the problem until the patron
agrees you understand4. Offer Service5. Offer additional information6. Follow up on the process
LaRue J. Buddha at the Gate, Running: Why People Challenge Library Materials. American Libraries [serial online]. December 2004;35(11):42-44. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 4, 2017.
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Responsibilities of Librarians
The introduction to the ALA code of ethics
Librarians “significantly influence or control the selection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information. In a political system grounded in an informed citizenry, we are members of a profession explicitly committed to intellectual freedom and the freedom of access to information. We have a special obligation to ensure the free flow of information and ideas to present and future generations.”
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What is the basis for a Librarian’s Commitment to IF?
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Constitutional Amendments
First
Fourth
Freedom to access Information
Privacy
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What are the five freedoms named in the
First Amendment?
Bonus! What freedoms are NOT named?
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Nebraska Revised Statute 84-712.05
Records which may be withheld from the public; enumerated.
...(11) Records or portions of records kept by a publicly funded library which, when examined with or without other records, reveal the identity of any library patron using the library's materials or services;
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ALA documents regarding IF● ALA Code of Ethics● ALA Library Bill of Rights● ALA Freedom to Read Statement
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Access
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Collection Considerations:
Provide what community wants & needs, plus consider:● Diversity ● Opposing Viewpoints● Something for everybody in the community● Resist censorship via education and policy● Replace items that go missing based on content
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Group Work 3 Labeling Scenarios
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Internet Access
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Internet Filtering
● Filtering prevents access● Pornography is not illegal● Adults must have access to unfiltered
computersImportant: Never allow alleged child pornography viewing to go unreported
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Access to Meeting Rooms
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Meeting Room Rules
● Content-neutral● Applied equally● Be narrowly defined in regard to time, place, or manner of
use
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What this means
● If open to public use, religious services must be allowed● May limit frequency, noise level, and disallow collection
of money● May restrict to non-profit groups, or charge commercial
groups a fee● Library programs may preempt other activities● May require groups to allow any non-disruptive person to
attend
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Privacy and Confidentiality
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What’s the difference?
Privacy is about the person and their experience
Confidentiality is about the data we have; it is an extension of privacy
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Ethical and legal considerations
Ethics: Privacy is embedded in the right to read
Legal: Protected at State and Federal levels
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Practical Considerations
Key Concept: Libraries should minimize the collection of personally identifiable user information, store it locally and securely, maintain legal control of the data and insure that library practices do not divulge user information or put it on public view (e.g., self-service hold shelves that reveal a user's identity).
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Ongoing concerns
Community norms
Law enforcement
Vendors
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Policies
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(Hopefully not) your worst nightmare
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Why are policies so important?
● Promotes equitable and principled access
● Protects and empowers you and your staff
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Overview
● Collection development● Privacy● Internet: use and filtering● Expected behavior in the library● Meeting Rooms● Labeling and / or Rating
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How to develop good policy
Get this handbook (yes, self-advertising, but we wrote it for you)
ALA also has excellent resources
Involve your stakeholders: Library Boards, City Government, legal counsel
Share it and discuss it with staff
Make it readily available
Use it and adhere to it
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Group Activity: What items should be part of the following
policies?
1. Meeting Room2. Privacy3. Law Enforcement
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Where to Get Help and Become Involved
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National Resources
● ALA Office for Intellectual Freedom● ALA Intellectual Freedom Round Table● ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee● Electronic Frontier Foundation● Libraries and the Internet Toolkit● Choose Privacy Week● Banned Books Week Coalition● National Coalition against Censorship
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Nebraska and Regional Resources
● NLA Intellectual Freedom Round Table● Nebraska Statutes, Chapter 51, on libraries● Nebraska Library Commission ● American Civil Liberties Union of Nebraska● Academic Freedom Coalition of Nebraska● Anti-Defamation League, Plains States
Region
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NLA Resolution in support of ALA’s Resolution on
Access to Accurate
Information
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Pew Research Center Polls
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The Importance of Intellectual
Freedom
● Intellectual Freedom can be complicated and difficult
● More relevant and important than ever in a “post truth” world
● How should librarians approach fake news, propaganda, misinformation and the volume of information resources that are now available?
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...and what librarians can do to help
● Information Literacy Skills● NOT censorship! Context● We cannot be another search
engine! People need skills to evaluate sources
● Librarians are uniquely equipped to teach patrons how to find better and more useful information
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The Future of the Nebraska IF
Team
● Surveys report up to 85% of challenges go unreported
● The IF team has created an annual survey to capture more challenged material
● ALA has updated its form to include hate crimes in libraries
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Questions?