Polymerase Chain ReactionPolymerase Chain ReactionAimsAimsTo understand the process of To understand the process of PCRPCR and its and its usesuses..Starter - Match each term with Starter - Match each term with its correct description (work in its correct description (work in pairs)pairs)August 10, 2015 What is it?What is it? AnimationsAnimationshttp://www.dnac.or!/ddnac/resourcehttp://www.dnac.or!/ddnac/resources/pcr.htms/pcr.htmhttp://www.ma"anim.com/!enetics/PChttp://www.ma"anim.com/!enetics/PCR/pcr.swfR/pcr.swf InformationInformationPo#merase chain reaction ena$es Po#merase chain reaction ena$es ar!e amounts of %&A to $e ar!e amounts of %&A to $e produced from 'er# sma sampes produced from 'er# sma sampes ((.)m)((.)m)There is a repeatin! c#ce of:There is a repeatin! c#ce of:separationseparation of dou$e %&A strandsof dou$e %&A strandss#nthesiss#nthesis of a compementar# of a compementar# strand for eachstrand for each What happens?What happens?Sampe %&A * nuceotides* %&A primers + Sampe %&A * nuceotides* %&A primers + thermosta$e %&A po#merase paced in thermosta$e %&A po#merase paced in PCR machine.PCR machine.Strands of sampe %&A Strands of sampe %&A separated separated $# $# heatin! to heatin! to ,-,-o oCCMi"ture cooed to Mi"ture cooed to ././o oCC to aow to aow primers to primers to $ind$ind..Mi"ture heated to Mi"ture heated to /0/0o oC C for for repicationrepication (optimum temp of %&A po#merase) (optimum temp of %&A po#merase) C#ce repeats man# times (12mins /c#ce)C#ce repeats man# times (12mins /c#ce) ProblemsProblemsSeparation achie'ed $# heatin! to ,-Separation achie'ed $# heatin! to ,-o oC 3 C 3 no suita$e no suita$e heicaseheicase%&A po#merase can4t work on compete# %&A po#merase can4t work on compete# sin!e stranded %&Asin!e stranded %&A 3 dou$e stranded 3 dou$e stranded re!ions needed at the start of se5uence to re!ions needed at the start of se5uence to $e copied:$e copied:primersprimers (short se5uences %&A) (short se5uences %&A) compementar# to $ases at start of re!ion compementar# to $ases at start of re!ion to $e copied usedto $e copied usedTo s#nthesi6eprimers * $ase se5uence at To s#nthesi6eprimers * $ase se5uence at start must $e knownstart must $e known TTAAC7777CCCTTTAAA.....8TTTAAACCC777TTTTTAAC7777CCCTTTAAA.....8TTTAAACCC777TTTAATT7CCCC777AAATTT.....8AAATTT777CCCAAAAATT7CCCC777AAATTT.....8AAATTT777CCCAAAthe se5uence of $ases which 9&:; the se5uence of $ases which 9&:; fank a particuar re!ion of a particuar fank a particuar re!ion of a particuar or!anismR or!anismR 9R7A&?SM primer e"act# hand se5uence* and 9&> primer e"act# ike the upper ri!ht-hand se5uence:ike the upper ri!ht-hand se5uence:TTAAC7777CCCTTTAAA.....8TTTAAACCC777TTTTAAC7777CCCTTTAAA.....8TTTAAACCC777TTAATTGCCCCGGGAAATTTAATTGCCCCGGGAAATTT.......................>.......................>and:and: