PcP. Gratings Ltd.pcpgratings.co.uk/pdfs/PcP-LHD-UK.pdf · 4 PcP. fire protection gratingsType...
Transcript of PcP. Gratings Ltd.pcpgratings.co.uk/pdfs/PcP-LHD-UK.pdf · 4 PcP. fire protection gratingsType...
PcP. fire protection gratings type LHD®
... the safe and reliable solution
PcP. Gratings Ltd.
All about us
Our customers and partners have
benefited from our wide range of products
and services covering floor gratings, steps and
stairways.
We maintain constant contact to our customers
and partners in order to secure this high degree
of customer satisfaction. The resulting ideas and
suggestions are subject to regular analysis and
implemented wherever possible.
Isn't it time that you too profited from the
benefits of our first- class range of products
and services?
PcP. Gratings Ltd.
Enterprise Drive, Four Ashes
Wolverhampton, WV10 7DF
Telephone +44 1902 791792
Telefax +44 1902 791 795
www.pcpgratings.co.uk
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PcP. fire protection gratings Type LHD®
PcP. fire protection gratings Type LHD® are the
primary choice to equip the transformers in the
energy sector.
PcP. fire protection gratings Type LHD® are daily
proving their worth Worldwide. These are used at
transformer platforms supplying electricity and at
oil /gas production in the offshore sector. Through
the favourable low cost expense construction and
special tested structure of the surface, the PcP. fire
protection gratings Type LHD® combines a multitude
of outstanding product qualities compared with
the rough gravel cover or the granulate filled cover.
The production methods make it possible for the
users to have a short construction and dismantling
time. The construction also ensures maintenance
and inspection at any point by removing a grating.
If to use another method like panels put together
with pins in the sides, the complete cover has to
be removed either from the start or at the end,
meaning considerable time losses for the users.
This is only one of many benefits for you and your
contractors.
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Type LHD® (Low Hole Density)
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PcP. fire protectiongratings Type LHD®
PcP. fire protection gratings type LHD® are used
world-wide on a daily basis on power supply
company transformer platforms and offshore oil
and natural gas drilling rigs where they have
proven a great success.
Material
PcP. fire protection gratings type LHD® consist of
hot-galvanised, sheet-metal sectional grating –
without foamed glass granulate filling – with a
perforated surface structure. It is made from
3mm thick U-shaped bevelled sheet steel panels.
The individual panels are welded together to
form grating boards. Supplying grating boards
saves considerable time consuming work on site
screwing individual panels together. As a result,
installation and maintenance work on collecting
basins can be performed at much greater speed
and more cost-effective.
Panel
Bordering
Grating
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Flame-retarding effect
The flame- retarding effect of PcP. fire protection
gratings type LHD® is achieved by the perforated
surface structure (perforation ratio about 4.1% of
total surface) which only allows a low volume of
oxygen to reach the source of the fire.
This starves the source of the fire of a considerable
amount of oxygen resulting in an extremely
under- ventilated fire. Despite its low air perme-
ability, any emerging transformer oil in the event
of damage flows freely without restriction into
the collecting chamber beneath the grating (600
litres per min. over a surface of1000 x 1000mm).
(Source: MFPA-Leipzig)
With its small hole diameter of just 7 mm, the
PcP. fire protection grating type LHD® also
provides additional mechanical protection against
larger burning objects falling from above. This
flame-retarding property has been confirmed by
the Material Research and Test Institute of Leipzig
for the Building Trade (Materialforschungs- und
Prüfanstalt für das Bauwesen Leipzig e.V.) in its
certificate GU IV/99-01 (see appendix for
abbreviated version of expert's report).
PcP. fire protection gratings type LHD® are also
ahead of their time from an environmental point
of view
As their flame-retardant effect is achieved
without foamed glass granulate filling, there are
no additional costs for disposal as special waste
in the event of later removal. The grating can
be sent to conventional steel recycling.
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Advantages in comparison tostandard “flame-retardant grating”
• Highly flame- retardant in the event of
transformer accidents
• Excellent drainage through the innovative
surface structure
• Mechanical protection against larger burning
objects falling from above
• Short installation and removal times
• Cost -effective renovation and upgrading of
existing transformer plants
• Low weight-cost savings on supporting
structures
• High passive safety for maintenance and
operating personnel
• Pure steel product- no need for disposal as
special waste
Service
• Comprehensive support by our technical field
service even during the planning stage
• Price quotes on request
• Preparation of drawings or laying plans
(for approval by client)
• Drawings sent by e-mail
(DXF, DWG files)
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Qualitätszeichen FEUERVERZINKENnach DIN EN ISO 1461
Details*
Proposal for a sub-construction incl. safety web
against lateral shift.
PcP. fire protection grating Flat steel bar
Support
*Details - included only on request.
Standards and regulations
• AGI - J 21 part 2 / Transformer platforms
(publ. by: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industriebau e.V.)
(Industrial Construction Work Group Assoc.)
• BGI 588 (fromerly ZH 1/196)
Leaflet for metal grating
(publ. by: Hauptverband der Gewerblichen
Berufsgenossenschaften, Fachausschuss
„Bauliche Einrichtungen” (Main Association of
Trade Associations, „Structural Installations”
Committee] of the GBZ)
• BGI 181 / Leaflet for floors in workrooms
where there is a danger of slipping
(publ. by: Hauptverband der Gewerblichen
Berufsgenossenschaften, Fachausschuss
„Bauliche Einrichtungen” (Main Association of
Trade Associations, „Structural Installations”
Committee of the GBZ)
• RAL-GZ 639
Quality assurance for sectional steel grating
(publ. by: Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung
u. Kennzeichnung e.V (German Institute for
Quality Assurance and Marking)
• DIN EN ISO 1461-Hot galvanising
Detail for earthing
Support
Strap
Grating width
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Technical details
Panel designs and load tables
Panel width Typ LHD® laid out for a max. load
per unit area 5 kN/m2
LHD-63
LHD-81
LHD-99
LHD-117
LHD-135
LHD-153
LHD-171
LHD-189
LHD-207
LHD-225
LHD-99/53
LHD-117/53
LHD-135/53
LHD-153/53
LHD-171/53
63
81
99
117
135
153
171
189
207
225
99
117
135
153
171
3
3
3
5
6
6
7
7
9
9
3
5
6
6
7
36 mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
36mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
35mm
53mm
53mm
53mm
53mm
53mm
Panel type Panelwidth
Numberof
perforationsØ 7mm
Perforationspacing
Panelheight
99/3599/4499/53117/35117/44117/53117/62135/35135/44135/53153/35153/44153/53171/35171/44171/53189/35189/44189/53207/35207/44207/53225/35225/44225/53
1825 mm2300 mm2725 mm1750 mm2225 mm2675 mm2850 mm1675 mm2125 mm2550 mm1550 mm2050 mm2475 mm1300 mm1950 mm2375 mm1075 mm1875 mm2275 mm950 mm1775 mm2175 mm825 mm1600 mm2075 mm
2,20 kN2,75 kN3,00 kN1,70 kN2,10 kN2,50 kN3,40 kN1,50 kN1,90 kN2,30 kN1,75 kN2,00 kN2,40 kN2,10 kN2,20 kN2,50 kN2,00 kN1,70 kN1,90 kN2,30 kN1,80 kN2,10 kN2,70 kN2,00 kN2,20 kN
39,1044,4049,6036,9041,4046,0050,5035,4039,5043,5034,5038,1041,8033,6036,9040,3033,0036,1039,2032,2035,1038,1031,8034,6037,30
max. supportingof 5 kN/m2
Panel Type LHDwidth/ height
max. point load about300 x 150 mm
WeightKg /m2
PANEL TYPE LHD – CROSS SECTION
PANEL TYPE LHD – OVERHEAD VIEW
Width
Width
Gratin
g length
Panel w
idth * Grating width
Support width
panel direction
Supporting bar size Support
* Standard panel
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Certificate
Postal address: PF 132, 04252 Leipzig Associations Register Leipzig District CourtHead office: Richard-Lehmann-Straße 19, 04275 Leipzig No. VR 2948Tel.: 0341/3904-129, -130; Fire Testing Centre Laue: 034202/53487 Bank account: Sparkasse LeipzigFax: 0341/3 02 60 7, Fire Testing Centre Laue: 034202/551480 Account No.: 1100107700Email: [email protected] Sort code: 860 555 92
LEIPZIG MATERIAL RESEARCH AND TESTING LABORATORYFOR THE BUILDING INDUSTRY, REGISTERED ASSOCIATIONAPPROVED TESTING LABORATORY FOR BUILDING MATERIALS, BUILDING COMPONENTS AND BUILDING DESIGNS
Scientific Director: Univ.-Prof. Dr.- Ing.habil. R. Thiele Managing Director: Dr.- Ing. H. Meichsner
Building Fire Protection DepartmentHead of Dept.: Dr.-Ing. Wilfried Jank
E x p e r t i s eno. GU IV/99 – 011-1
of 14.11.2000, 2nd Copy(Abbreviated version)
Subject: Evaluation of the effectiveness of fire-restricting covers in the event of mineral oil firesin drain- less, dish-shaped collecting areas underneath transformers
Orderers: RWE Energie AG PcP. Sicherheitsroste GmbHHead Office Stahl- und EdelstahlverarbeitungKruppstraße 5 Duisbergstraße 1345117 Essen 58339 Breckerfeld
Order of: 15.01.1999 Ref.: Gei Received 17.01.1999
Processed by: Dipl.-Phys. Ingolf KotthoffHead of Specialist Department: Original Fires
This abbreviated form of the expertise consists of 4 pages and one appendix.
This expertise may only be duplicated in unabbreviated form. Any publication, including extracts thereof,requires prior written permission from MFPA Leipzig e.V.
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Expert´s Report (abbreviated version)
1. Grounds
Mineral oil is used for cooling and insulating
transformers in electrical switching and trans-
former substations. Collecting chambers without
drains are generally installed underneath the
transformers in order to prevent mineral oil from
seeping into the soil in the event of a leak. In
view of the relatively low flash point and the
high operating temperature of the oil, there is
danger of the oil igniting in the event of a leak.
In order to prevent any fire spreading to neigh-
bouring transformers and reduce as far as possible
any damage to the environment by combustion
products, covers are placed on the collecting
chambers which, in the event of a leak, allow the
oil to flow without hindrance into the collecting
basin while at the same time restricting the fire
to the collecting chamber and simultaneously
preventing its spread.
The suitability of a special cover-"flame-retardant
gratings"- manufactured by the company PcP.
was examined in several preliminary trials and a
multi-phase original fire test.
2. Test item
Mineral oil
· Insulating oil on a mineral oil basis to DIN 57370,
parts 1 and 2
· Calorific value: approx. 42,700 KJ /kg
· Flash point to DIN 51758 138 up to 148°C;
boiling temperature or initial boiling point at
290°C; thermal decomposition from 340°C
· Operating temperature in transformer 60- 90 °C
Covers
· Flame-retardant covers manufactured by PcP
· Panels type LHD-153 und LHD-99
· U-shaped panel sections on perforated
galvanised sheet steel 3 mm thick
(ÜP 240 – StW 22)
· Standard height of the panels 35 mm, width and
length according to requirements
· Diameter of perforation holes 7mm, approx.
1065 holes per sq.m., i.e. approx. 4.1% of the
surface is open
· Flow rate of 660 l per min. for mineral oil at a
temperature of 90°C through 1 sq.m. covering
surface
Collecting chambers
The form and collecting capacity of the drain- free
mineral oil collecting chambers is adapted to suit
the size of the respective transformer platform
and the volume of oil in the transformers.
The collecting chambers are trough-shaped and
usually consist of several sections linked by
connecting holes at the base for level
compensation.
3. Original fire test
3.1. Test methods
a) Oil is collected in a collecting chamber
equipped with flame-retardant covers. Using
various burning solids (wood and paper), as
well as a burning fluid (mineral oil), attempts
are made to ignite the oil from outside.
b) Burning oil flows from a typical transformer
height onto covers placed over a collecting
chamber.
3.2. Description of test process
1000 l mineral oil were heated to a temperature
of 98°C in a reservoir. The mineral oil was then
ignited using an igniting agent (5 l Isopropanol).
After burning for one minute, the oil reservoir
was tipped over automatically.
Approx. 950 l burning mineral oil were
channelled over guiding plates onto the covers
of the collecting chamber within 3 minutes and
30 seconds. The burning oil poured onto the
covers from a height of 960 mm and over a
width of 2000 mm.
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The majority of the mineral oil immediately
seeped through the holes in the covers and
collected on the base of the collecting chamber.
The fire on the surface of the covers extinguished
in just a short period (t < 5 sec.) after the flow of
burning oil came to an end. In the course of the
test, an intermittent emergence of white mineral
oil vapour through the covers was observed.
In individual cases, stray flames (length < 0.5 m)
emerged through the covers shortly after the
emergence of mineral oil vapour. The duration of
flame emergence in these cases was between 2
and 7 seconds. In all, however, this occurrence
was only observed 5 times during the test period
of 63 minutes. Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate the test
procedure at chosen moments.
3.3 Test results
Upon extinguishing the fire on the surface of the
covers (directly after the tipping process was
completed), temperatures at intervals of 200 mm
along the surface were measured at between 70°
and 85°C during the complete test duration; brief
temperature peaks of 200°C were reached during
the few occasions of flame penetration. These
temperatures, however, are not sufficient to
ignite combustible solids.
As soon as the burning mineral oil had entered
the collecting chamber underneath the covers, the
oxygen concentration in the chamber dropped
immediately from 21% by volume to values between
3 and 4% by volume. This very low mean concen-
tration is indicative of an extremely under-ventilated
fire or pyrolytic decomposition processes with
oxygen starvation.
4. Evaluation of test results
Flammability
The covers used to cover collecting chambers
beneath transformers form an additional mechanical
protection measure against larger burning objects
falling from above (hole diameter 7 mm). Conse-
quently, ignition of the mineral oil is only possible
if sufficient quantities of highly inflammable fluids
such as alcohol or petrol are added and ignited.
Fire behavior of mineral oil in the event of
transformer leakage
A flow rate of at least 600 l mineral oil
(temperature 90°C) through a covering surface
of one square metre within one minute was
recorded in preliminary tests. This is similar to
the flow rate of water at 15°C. Taking into
account this result, it can be assumed that a
quantity of burning mineral oil approx. thirteen
times larger would flow through the 22.5 sq.m.
of covers used in the test without problem within
3 min. 30 sec, representing a flow rate of burning
mineral oil through the grating holes of approx.
47,000 l or 13,500 l per min. The permeability rate
of the covers is therefore sufficient under all
circumstances to prevent any burning mineral oil
from flowing over the edges of the collecting
chamber.
For a duration of just 20 seconds in the main test,
there were localised occurrences of after-burning
of mineral oil residue on the surface of the covers
after the flow of burning mineral oil had ceased.
Upon contact with the covers, the burning oil
flowed through the holes into the collecting
chamber where it spread evenly over the floor of
the chamber. Ambient air can only gain access to
the collecting chamber through the holes in the
covers and some gaps between the covers and
the sides of the chamber.
The maximum surface area available for
subsequent in-take of fresh air is approx. 10%
of the total surface. For this reason, combustion
of the mineral oil is only possible to an extremely
limited extent due to the lack of oxygen and,
consequently, it would be better described as
pyrolytic decomposition.
The occasional emergence of hot gases at
temperatures below 200°C does not represent
any significant risk for surrounding areas or the
environment.
13
Dipl.- Phys. I. KotthoffHead of Original Fires Technical Dept
Effect of the covers
Summing up, it can be said that adequate
drainage through the covers into the collecting
chamber is gua-ranteed even with larger
quantities of oil. Emergence or spraying of
burning mineral oil is not to be expected.
In order to take into account the possibility of all
the mineral oil in a transformer leaking out
within a matter of just a few seconds, it is
recommended for safety reasons that the covers
are positioned at least 100 mm below the upper
edge of the collecting chamber in order to avoid
any burning oil spraying out.
The LHD® "flame retardant gratings" of the
company PCP. as used in the test guarantee a
high degree of fire protection-related safety in
the event of damage to a transformer with
leakage of larger quantities of burning mineral
oil because of their high permeability rating on
the one hand and the restriction of air supply to
the collecting chamber underneath the covers on
the other. Consequently, their use can be
recommended for the intended purpose. In an
installed state, the effect of the covers can be
described as flame or fire retardant.
14
Test layout principle
Starting position prior to start of tipping process
1000 l Mineral oil
Initial temperature 90°C
15
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PcP.Gratings Ltd.Enterprise Drive · Four AshesWolverhampton · WV10 7DF Telephone +44 1902 791792 Telefax +44 1902 791 795 [email protected]
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PcP. Gratings Ltd.
Enterprise Drive · Four Ashes · Wolverhampton WV10 7DF
Telephone +44 1902 791792 · Telefax +44 1902 791 [email protected] · www.pcpgratings.co.uk
A/S Maskinfabrikken PcP.
Sverigesvej 2-47480 Vildbjerg, DenmarkTel. (+45) 97 13 12 [email protected]
ElefantRiste A/S
Ivar Lundgaards Vej 217500 Holstebro, DenmarkTel. (+45) 97 42 61 [email protected]
PF Værktøj Herning ApS
Hvidelvej 167400 Herning, DenmarkTel. (+45) 97 21 03 [email protected]
Schøller Gitterriste ApS
Læhegnet 752620 Albertslund, DenmarkTel. (+45) 36 4148 [email protected]
Nordjysk Døgngalvanisering A/S
Banesvinget 39530 Støvring, DenmarkTel. (+45) 98 37 37 [email protected]
Rister & Trading A/S
Lagerveien 234066 Stavanger, NorwayTel. (+47) 519 [email protected]
PcP. Durk Sverige AS
Ruskvädersgatan 3 B418 34 Göteborg, SwedenTel. (+46) 031-53 59 [email protected]
PcP. Sicherheitstroste GmbHDuisbergstraße 1358339 BreckerfeldGermanyTel. (+49) 2338 9181 0 [email protected]
Elefant Gratings Ltd.
Unit 9 Invicta Business ParkLondon RoadWrothamKent TN15 7RJ, United KindomTel. (+44) 1732 [email protected]
Guardrail Engineering Ltd.
Pountney Street, WolverhamptonWV2 4HX, United KingdomTel. (+44) 1902 [email protected]
Elefant Gratings Ltd. Ireland
Unit 14 Tracklands Business ParkClonroadmoreEnnis Co. Clare, IrelandTel. (+353) 65 [email protected]
b.v. Stabag PcP.
Havendijk 214731 TA Oudenbosch, HollandTel. (+31) 165 315 [email protected]
S.A. PcP. Belgium N.V.
Zoning de CornémontRue de La Légende 344140 Sprimont, BelgiumTel. (+32) 4 360 94 [email protected]
Rejillas PcP. España, S.L
P.I. La Portalada 1C/ Portalada, 2626006 LogroñoLa Rioja, SpainTel. (+34) 941 27 06 [email protected]
PcP. France
340 Av des Erables94440 SantenyTelefon: (+33) 0143 86 39 [email protected]