PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial...

1Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI Bus Variants

PCI Bus VariantsPCI-X BusPCI Express BusVariants for Portable ComputersVariants for Industrial Systems

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Variants for Portable Computers

Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard

10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)


Mini PCI (1)

Specifications added to PCI version 2.2 Standard for peripherals of mobile devices: modems, network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, cryptographic accelerators Defines an expansion card with small size → functionally equivalent to a common PCI card Uses a 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI bus

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Mini PCI (2)

Power connections: 3.3 V Maximum power consumption of the cards: 2 W The additional CLKRUN# signal has been included

Enables to start and stop the bus clock for power management purposes

Form factors: Type I, Type II, Type III

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Mini PCI (3)

Type I: 70 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 7.5 mm

Stacking connector, 100 pins Type II: 78 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 17.5 mm

Stacking connector, 100 pins Have RJ11 or RJ45 connectors mounted

Type III: 60 x 50 mm, height of 2.4 mm Edge connector, 124 pins

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Mini PCI (4)

Mini PCI Express (Mini PCIe) Based on the PCIe bus (x1) Reduced size: 30 x 51 mm Half-length card: 30 x 27 mm Edge connector, 52 pins Connections for the SMBus and USB 2.0 buses, LEDs, SIM card (GSM applications) Extension for another PCIe lane Power connections: 1.5 V and 3.3 V

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Mini PCI (5)

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Variants for Portable ComputersMini PCIPCMCIA Standards CardBusExpressCard

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PCMCIA Standards (1)

Several standards developed by PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) Compatible with standards developed by JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)

The first standards: PCMCIA 1.0, 2.0, 2.1The succeeding standards: PC Card 5.0, … , PC Card 8.0

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Initially, the standards have been developed only for memoriesLater on, the standards have been extended for various peripheralsThe expansion cards can be inserted and removed during operationThe first cards: PC Card no longer used

Interface based on the ISA bus (16 bits)

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Example applicationsMemory card adapters (SD, MMC, CompactFlash, MemoryStick, etc.)Ethernet network adaptersWireless network adaptersDigital camerasGPS (Global Positioning System) cardsSecurity devicesHard disk drives

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CardBus (1)

Expansion cards introduced in version 5.0 of the PC Card standard Based on the PCI bus

Functionally equivalent to a 32-bit PCI system (33 MHz)

Improvements to PC Card:The possibility of bus mastering DMALower voltage (3.3 V)A new digital audio mode using pulse width modulation (PWM)

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CardBus (2)

The software architecture is the same as for PC Card

Socket ServicesCard Services

CardBus cards must consume a limited current until they are configured

Read the information from the CIS (Card Information Structure)Determine the voltage and electrical protocol needed

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CardBus (3)

The possibility of multi-function cards (up to 8 functions) 68-pin connector (2 x 34)Card dimensions: 85.6 x 54 mmThree card types, based on their thickness:

Type I: 3.3 mm memoriesType II: 5 mm various peripheralsType III: 10.5 mm hard drives

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CardBus (4)

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ExpressCard (1)

Replaced the CardBus cardsHigher performanceSmaller sizeLower costs

Uses the PCI Express or USB serial busEliminates the CardBus controller

Direct connections to PCI Express or USB ports of the computer

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ExpressCard (2)

ExpressCard modulesLength of 75 mm, thickness of 5 mmExpressCard/34: width of 34 mmExpressCard/54: width of 54 mm

For both module types, the same connector is used 26 pins

Blade contacts located on the ExpressCard module Designed for high reliability and durability

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ExpressCard (3)

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ExpressCard (4)

The interfacePCI Express: one lane (x1); 2.5 Gbits/s in both directionsUSB: the speeds defined by the USB 2.0 specification (1.5 Mbits/s; 12 Mbits/s; 480 Mbits/s)A module may use one or both interfacesTwo signals for an SMBus (System Management Bus) serial bus

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ExpressCard (5)

Other featuresThe possibility to insert and remove the modules during operation (“hot plug”)Uses the auto-detection and configuration capabilities of PCI Express and USB busesModules can be placed in very low power states detect and respond to wakeup requests

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PCI Bus Variants

PCI Bus VariantsPCI-X BusPCI Express BusVariants for Portable ComputersVariants for Industrial Systems

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Variants for Industrial Systems

Variants for Industrial SystemsPCI-104PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104PMC Mezzanine CardXMC Mezzanine CardCompactPCI

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Variants for Industrial Systems (1)

Applications: military, telecommunications, automationRequirements: reliability, simple maintenanceDesktop computers:

Expansion cards inserted in connectors with blades Active backplanes are used

In an industrial or military environment, the backplane is exposed to mechanical stress

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Variants for Industrial Systems (2)

High reliability:Connectors with metallic pins and socketsFront panels for fastening, guidance Passive backplanes – only connectors

Simple maintenance:Short time required for repairs – failures of passive backplanes are rareSimple board replacement

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PCI-104 (1)

Standard developed by the PC/104 Consortium, www.pc104.orgIntended for systems operating in industrial environmentsSpecifies a board with dimensions of 90 x 96 mm that uses the PCI busBased on the previous PC/104 and PC/104-Plus standards

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http://www.pc104.org/


PCI-104 (2)

PC/104 The ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus has been used

PC/104-Plus A connector for the PCI bus (32 bits, 33 MHz) has been added

PCI-104 boards contain only the PCI connectorSeveral PCI-104 boards can be stacked together to build more complex systems

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PCI-104 (3)

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PCI-104 (4)

A stack of boards must contain at least one CPU board

The stack may contain PC/104, PC/104-Plus, and PCI-104 boardsMaximum 4 peripheral boards due to PCI specifications Peripheral PC/104-Plus and PCI-104 boards must connect to the same side of the CPU board

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PCI-104 (5)

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PCI-104 (6)

Advantages:Compact sizeHigh-reliability connectors → metallic pins and sockets

Applications:Communication equipmentsMedical instrumentsIndustrial control systemsRobotics

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PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (1)

Specifications developed by the PC/104 ConsortiumPCI/104-Express

One PCIe bus (x16) and one PCI bus PCIe/104

Does not contain the PCI busTwo types for the PCIe/104 boards: Type 1 and Type 2

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Common features of Type 1 and Type 2Four x1 PCIe linksTwo USB 2.0 interfacesPower signals: +3.3 V; +5 V; +12 VSMBus

Type 1One x16 PCIe link may be configured as two x8 PCIe links or two x4 PCIe links

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Type 2Two x4 PCIe linksTwo USB 3.0 interfacesTwo SATA (Serial ATA) interfacesLPC (Low Pin Count) bus connecting low-speed peripherals to the CPU Battery for a real-time clock (RTC)

PCIe x1, PCIe x4, or USB 2.0 peripheral boards can plug into either CPU boards

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PMC Mezzanine Card (1)

Placed in a plane parallel to the motherboardDoes not need an additional connector on the motherboardThe aim:

Extending the functions of the motherboard when there is not enough spaceExtending a motherboard with specific I/O functions

The Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) standard, IEEE 1386

For the VME, Multibus II buses10/31/2013



Includes the standard for the PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC), IEEE 1386.1

PMC specifies a PCI card connected to a CPU card (usually, VME)

A double PMC card or two single PMC cards can be attached in parallel to a VME cardThe PMC cards allow a configuration requiring reduced space The VME bus is not replaced

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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3) 41


PMC cards mounted on a VME64 card10/31/2013



Mezzanine connectorsUp to four connectors on a PMC cardThe most used: 64-pin connectorsP1 and P2: 32-bit PCI signalsP3: 64-bit PCI signalsP4 (optional): I/O signals

Kinds of PMC mezzanine cardsProcessors; graphics cards; memory cards; I/O interface cards

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Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3) 43


PMC graphics card© Concurrent Technologies Plc, Concurrent Technologies Inc.

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XMC Mezzanine Card (1)

Standard developed by VITA (VME International Trade Association)

VITA 42.0 standard: base specificationThe mezzanine PMC card is extended with new connectors for serial interfaces

P11 .. P14: same connectors as the P1 .. P4 connectors of the PMC mezzanine cardP15, P16: high-density connectors (114 pins) for serial interconnections

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XMC Mezzanine Card (2)

The P15, P16 connectors contain:Pins for 10 differential signal pairs for each direction

The P16 connector also contains user-defined I/O pins various interfacesThe base specification does not indicate protocols, signal types, voltage levels

VITA 42.3: PCI ExpressVITA 42.4: HyperTransport

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CompactPCI (1)

Standard developed by the PICMG group (PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group), www.picmg.org Intended to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus

Most of the industrial applications employed the VME bus

The Eurocard form factor has been combined with the PCI bus → open industrial standard

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http://www.picmg.org/


CompactPCI (2)

A 32-bit or a 64-bit PCI bus may be used 3U Eurocard boards:

One connector for the 32-bit PCI bus (J1)An optional connector (J2) for the 64-bit PCI bus or user-defined I/O pins

6U Eurocard boards: J1 and J2 connectors Up to three additional connectors for I/O pins

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CompactPCI (3)

Up to 7 expansion boards may be connected, without using a bridge

High-quality connectors: pins-and-sockets, 110 pins, 2 mm stepA large number of ground pins

The boards are typically interconnected via a passive backplane

Retained on all sides Oriented vertically

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CompactPCI (4)

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CompactPCI (5)

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CompactPCI (6)

Extensions of the CompactPCI standardPICMG 2.1

Support for board insertion and removal during operation (Hot Swap)

PICMG 2.5Computer telephony applicationsAuxiliary bus for TDM (Time Domain Multiplex) data transfer

PICMG 2.16Inter-module communication via Ethernet

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CompactPCI (7)

CompactPCI Express: uses one PCIe bus CompactPCI Serial

Star topology: serial point-to-point connectionsOne system board, up to 8 peripheral boards New connectors for high data rates PCIe bus: up to 16 lanes Serial ATA (SATA) interface USB interface: 2.0 or 3.0 Ethernet interface: 10 Gbits/s

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CompactPCI (8)

Advantages:The same chips and software modules are used as for the desktop PCI (PCIe) systemsThe PCI (PCIe) chips have low cost

Applications: Industrial automation Real-time control and data acquisition systems Military systems

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Summary (1)

Mini PCI and CardBus expansion cards use a parallel PCI bus (32 bits)Mini PCI Express cards have replaced the parallel PCI bus with the serial PCI busExpress Card has replaced CardBus

The cards may use the PCIe or USB busThe boards for industrial systems must have high reliability and must enable simple maintenance

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Summary (2)

The PCI-104 and PCIe/104 boards have compact size and may be stacked without a backplaneThe PMC and XMC mezzanine cards enable a simple and efficient expansion of a CPU cardThe CompactPCI boards allow to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus

Use the standard Eurocard formatThe CompactPCI Serial boards can use various types of serial interfaces

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Concepts, Knowledge

Features of Mini PCIFeatures of Mini PCI ExpressFeatures of CardBusAdvantages of ExpressCardFeatures of ExpressCardFeatures of PCI-104 boardsFeatures of PMC and XMC mezzanine cardsFeatures of CompactPCI boardsFeatures of CompactPCI Serial boards

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Questions

1. What are the main features of ExpressCard modules?

2. What are the main requirements of systems intended for industrial applications?

3. What are the techniques used by CompactPCI cards to increase the number of cards connected to the backplane?

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PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial...

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