PCDPCDObjective 4.01Objective 4.01

Understand physical development Understand physical development & care of the infant & care of the infant (Birth-1 year old) (Birth-1 year old)

Never in a person’s Never in a person’s lifetime will there lifetime will there

be more be more rapid rapid growthgrowth & &

physical changesphysical changes than during than during

infancyinfancy..

InfancyInfancy•The period between birth and one year.

DevelopmentDevelopment• Increase in the following:

– Physical Skills– Cognitive (Intellectual) Skills

– Emotional Skills– Social Skills

Flowers will grow when water/fed… babies will grow if loved, nurtured and fed!!!

Can you tell which area of Can you tell which area of development is shown?development is shown?

PHYSICAL

Okay, so which one is this?Okay, so which one is this?

Social

And this????And this????

Emotional

Last one….Last one….Cognitive

Patterns of Patterns of DevelopmentDevelopment

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Head to Foot– Babies develop control of head and neck

muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet

Head and neckthen

Legs and feet

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Near to Far– Development begins at the trunk of the

body and moves outward to hands and feet

– Trunk/body– Hands and feet

Trunk grows first then leaves….body develops first then hands and feet

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Simple to Complex– Large muscle development takes place

first leading to more fine muscle and complex abilities later

Large then small

muscles

GrowthGrowth

Vision

Length

20 inches long

Blurry at birth

Weight (Wt.)Weight (Wt.)• Infant gains 1-2 lbs per month in the first six

months • Wt. gain is one of the best signs of good health • Growth is related to good eating habits and

excerise• Most babies lose about 10% of their birth wt. in the

1st 5 days of life• Afterward, they gain wt. rapidly• Gain 1-2 pounds (lbs) per month in the 1st 6 months• Gain 1 lb per month in the next 6 months• Average wt. of a 1 yr. old is 20-22 lbs.

LengthLength• Measure lying down

–Measure length instead of height because they are lying down

• Average baby is 20 inches long at birth

• Boys are slightly longer than girls• Average baby at 1 yr. is 30 inches

long

• Body shape: – Infants hold themselves in a tightly secured position with fists clenched

–Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen

–Navel cord usually falls off in 3 wks.

–Body straightens out during the 1st 6 mths.

Proportion Proportion •Size relationship between

different parts of the body–Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and the legs and arms are short and small

FontanelsFontanels•Open space in babies skull–Allows for brain growth

–Usually close up by age 2

Infants and their Infants and their 5 Senses5 Senses

A stimulating environmentA stimulating environment• Draw symbols to represent each of the

five senses as you take notes. • Baby has a wide variety of things to:

–See–Taste–Smell–Hear–Touch

Vision - SeeingVision - Seeing• Improves rapidly during the 1st yr.• Blurry at birth

– within week or so, infant is aware of surroundings• By 1 mth.

– infant can focus on objects as faraway as 3 feet– an infant can not focus on objects across a room

• By 6 mths.– eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision

• Child sees two-dimensionally (see object flat) 1st and then develops depth perception (three-dimensional)– Distance awareness

VisionVision• Two-dimensional – seeing an object flat

• Three-dimensional – see all sides of an object

HearingHearing• Develops before birth• Can tell the direction of sound• Language develops with hearing

spoken words

TouchTouch• Babies rely on touch of others to

teach them about the environment– For exploration (discovery)

• Becomes a more important sense for learning as year progresses

• They will pick up and explore different things such as toys

Smell & TasteSmell & Taste• Develop after birth• Within 10 days they can distinguish

their mother from any other person by smell

• Two-week old babies can taste the difference between water, sour, sugar, and salt, and milk

VoiceVoice• Their voice is shrill (sharp, harsh), but softens as

lungs mature

• Change in the voice results from physical growth of the– throat muscles– Tongue– Lips– Teeth– Vocal Cords

• Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during the first months of life leads to speech development

Motor SkillsMotor Skills

Motor SkillsMotor Skills• At birth babies have little control over their

muscles• Gross motor skills develop 1st

– Large muscles• Arms• Legs

• Fine motor skills– Small muscles

• Hands• Fingers

Use HandoutUse Handout•“Know Your Reflexes” –Appendix 4.01D

Reflexes Reflexes •Occurring automatically and involuntarily as a result of the nervous system’s reaction to a stimulus

ReflexesReflexes

• At birth– Automatic set of reflexes to

help them survive

GraspGrasp• Makes a fist over object

placed in hand

RootingRooting• When cheek is

stroked– Baby turns toward the

side stroked with open mouth

StartleStartle• When baby’s position changes

quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out and arches back

BabinskiBabinski• Occurs when baby’s foot is

stroked and the toes fan out and foot twists in

SuckingSucking• Occurs when

something is put in a baby’s mouth

Physical Care of Physical Care of an Infantan Infant

HandlingHandling•ALWAYS Support head/neckCPSC to Warn of Deadly Baby Sling Dangers http://bit.ly/b36hXB

CBS Early Show

Breastfeeding vs. Breastfeeding vs. Bottle FeedingBottle Feeding

• Mother will need to decide which one– Breastfeeding is free & more nutritious– Bottle feeding can be done by anybody

anywhere, but is very expensive• Burp/get air out of lungs after baby eats• Warning: What mom eats – Baby eats• When baby seems ready for solid foods,

make sure you introduction one at a time.– This way you can determine if baby is

allergic to that food.

TeethTeeth• Will appear during their first year

– Teething will hurt, may cry and need numbing medicine• See Dr. for advice

• Take good care of your babies teeth and gums– Brush gums with warm, wet wash cloth

BathingBathing•Sponge bath

–Before naval heals

•Tub bath–After naval heals

DressingDressing• Dress babies comfortably• Weather/climate appropriate

– Keep baby from being cold while dressing and undressing

– They don’t need too many layers of clothing, they tend to get hot easy.

DiaperingDiapering• Decide whether to use:

– Disposable diapers • (Expensive, easier)

– Cloth diapers • (FREE, but messier)

Newborns will need to be changed 10+ times a day

• If diaper rash occurs – change baby more often and apply diaper rash ointment

SleepingSleeping

• Need to establish a Routine• Proper position

– Back to sleep – Tummy to play

• http://www.selah.k12.wa.us/soar/sciproj99/MoniqueSciProj.html

• Science experiment

http://fsid.server5d.textor.com/front-play-campaign.html

Medical careMedical care•Wellness checkups

–Make sure baby goes to their regular Dr. visits

–Will need to get shots, etc.

Wellness checkup Wellness checkup •Routine visits to the doctor to maintain good health

Which illustrates the early Which illustrates the early pattern of physical pattern of physical development near to far?development near to far?A. An infant can crawl across the floor for a

toy.B. An infant can lift his head before he sits

up.C. And infant can lift up the leg and wiggle

his toes.D. An infant can reach out for his mother

with both arms.(B)

The infant’s head was much The infant’s head was much bigger than the rest of his bigger than the rest of his body. body.

What category of growth during What category of growth during the first year is this?the first year is this?

A. Body shapeB. ProportionC. VisionD. Weight(B)

Which is correct about infant Which is correct about infant physical development?physical development?A. Eating and exercising are not

necessary for the health of an infant.B. Infants are too young to be

stimulated by going places with parents.

C. Infants can be stimulated by going places with parents.

D. Select toys for infants that teach them to press keys.

(C)