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International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology|ISSN:2278-9057

IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October|Paper-02

Reg. No.:20120902|DOI:V1I2P02

Digital Vehicle Data Recorder

(DVDR)Dr. Ravi Kumar

Sr. ScientistEarthbotics (Embedded Division)[email protected]

ABSTRACT

A Vehicle data recorder or VDR is a device installed

in automobiles to record information related to vehiclecrashes or accidents. Information from these devices

can be collected after a crash and analyzed to help

determine what the vehicles were doing before, during

and after the crash or event. The term generally refers

to a simple, tamper-proof, read-write memory device,

similar to the "black box" found on airplanes. VDR

may record a wide range of data elements, potentially

including whether the brakes were applied, the speed at

the time of impact, the steering angle, and whether seat

belt circuits were shown as "Buckled" or "Unbuckled"

at the time of the crash.

I. INTRODUCTIONGenerally, when a vehicle accident occurs, the causes of

the accident are determined by inferring the details of the

accident with reference to skid marks and paint marksremaining at the scene of the accident in the presence of apolice officer. Cases where drivers, who do not have

special knowledge, are disadvantaged due to the obscureanalyses of accidents or unreasonable judgments of

accidents occasionally occur. Therefore, a plurality ofmethods of objectively and accurately determining thecauses of a vehicle accident has been proposed.

II. THE PROPOSED SYSTEMHere we are going to develop our own customized VDR

which will work in following manner

The VDR will be connected will sense and record thefollowing parameters

1. Engine temperature,2. Speed of vehicle,3. Steering angle,

4. Gear mode,5. Seat belt status,6. Door locking status,7. Driver front light condition,8. Conversation being done in the vehicle.

The parameters will be recorded in the huge mass

storage media i.e. SD/MMC card.

The data will be stored along with date & time.After accident one can found this VDR and can connect

with PC for uploading.PC based software will download all the information

from the VDR and will store in PC database.

The data can be analysed later by the experts to find outthe real cause of accident.


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International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology|ISSN:2278-9057IJIIT|Volume-I|Issue-II|2012-2013 October |Paper-02

Reg. No.:20120901|DOI:V1I2P02|Page:2

III.SYSTEM OVERVIEWThe above proposed system will be divided into the following sub modules or sections

A.Block DiagramThe Block Diagram of the system is attached behind.

Power Supply MC

The System

PC Software

S/W

Embedded C

Serial

Comn

The Main

GUI

H/W

8051 Based Design

Embedded

System

SD/MMCMAX 232LCD 16x2

Database

Manager

8-bit ADC Various Sensors RTC Voice IC

230V

PC INTERFACE

UNIT

S D CARD

R.T.C

DS 1307

MAGNETICSWITCH

DOOR

LOCK

IRRECEIVER

IRTRANSMITTER

MOTOR

SPEED

VOICE

IC

MICRO

PHONE

SPK

LCD

PC

POWER

SUPPLY

ADC

0809

POT

LDR

LM

35

STEERING

ANGLE

LIGHT

CONDITION

ENGINE

TEMP.

MICRO

CONTROLLER

89C51


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B.Explanations of BlocksThe following are the brief explanations of the working

principle of the various major blocks or sections used in

the system

Power SupplyThis unit will supply the various voltagerequirements of each unit. This will be consists of

transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator. Therectifier used here will be Bridge Rectifier. It willconvert 230VAC into desired 5V/12V DC.

MicrocontrollerThis unit is the heart of the complete system. It isactually responsible for all the process beingexecuted. It will monitor & control all the

peripheral devices or components connected in thesystem. In short we can say that the complete

intelligence of the project resides in the softwarecode embedded in the Microcontroller.The controller here user will be of 8051 family.

The code will be written in Embedded C and willbe burned or programmed into the code memoryusing a programmer.This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation.

LCD 16x2It is called Liquid Crystal Display. We are going touse 16x2 character LCD. This will be connected to

microcontroller. The job of LCD will be to displayall the system generated messages coming from the

controller. LCD will provide interactive userinterface.This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation.

MAX 232This section will be used to convert TTL logic into

RS232 logic and vice-versa. In TTL---logic 1 is+5V and logic 0 is 0V. In RS232---logic 1 is -10Vand logic 0 is +10V.This unit will provide interface

that is required to communicate microcontrollerwith RS232 based devices using serialcommunication link. The MAX232 IC is dedicated

for the logic conversion. This unit is also called asLogic Convertor OR Level Convertor.This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation.

ADC 8-bitThis unit is one of most important unit inembedded system as microcontroller uses this tounderstand various analog parameter incomingfrom transducers. The job of this section is toconvert analog input signals (voltages) into itsequivalent digital (decimal) value. Here we are

using 8-bit ADC that means its digital range is 0-255. Also the same ADC will be used for multiplesensors as it has 8 channels.

This unit will be connected with microcontrollerwith 8-bit Data lines,3-bit Address lines and some

control lines. Also it requires clock pulses for itsinternal operation which will be given by 555 timersection.

This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation.

555 TimerThe 555 monolithic timing circuit is a highly stablecontroller capable of producing accurate time

delays, or oscillation. Here we are using it inAstable Multivibrator mode for generating clockpulses. The frequency depends upon the external

register connected to the IC.This unit requires +5VDC for it proper operation.

Real Time ClockThe job of this unit is to continuously incrementand maintain the calendar in its memory in realtime. We will use DS1307 IC for RTC. It will be

interfaced with the controller using two wireinterface. It communicates through I2C protocol.The date & time can be reprogrammed wheneverrequired.This unit requires +3.3V to +5V DC for it properoperation.

SD/MMC CardThis is the normal SD/MMC (Data Storage) card

used in the mobiles to store various types of Datalike text, images, videos etc. The microcontrollerwill store its data stream in its various blocks. This

unit works on SPI (Standard Peripheral Interface)protocol for its communication. It will be

interfaced with microcontroller using 4 wireinterface. This unit will provide huge amount ofnon-volatile memory the embedded system.This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation.

Voice ICThis unit is the only Analog IC used in the wholeproject. It has the capability to sample and store thevoices signals at 8KHz. It is re-recordable IC. It

can store voice of up to 8 minute duration. Thiswill be interfaced with microcontroller using SPI(Standard Peripheral Interface) protocol.

This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation.

MicrophoneMicrophone is used to receive the different audio

frequencies generated by the headset. Thismicrophone transmits the data received from theheadset to the section called 1

ststage Amplifier.

First Stage AmplifierThis unit is used to amplify the very low levelsignal received from the microphone usingtransistor in Common Emitter Configuration.This unit requires +3.3VDC for it proper operation.

Second Stage Amplifier


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This unit is used to amplify the signal receive from

first stage amplifier. This section uses Op-Amp asamplifier. The gain will be adjustable here up to200.


Temperature Sensor LM35The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuittemperature sensors, whose output voltage is

linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)temperature. The LM35 does not require anyexternal calibration or trimming to provide typical

accuracies. This is 3 leg IC that directly givesanalog output.


IR TxThis is basically Infrared Transmitter that emitslight in the range of 10-6-10-3 wavelength(m). This

light is not visible by human eye and hence mostlyused in security systems for proximities.This unit requires +1.5VDC for it proper operation.

IR RxIR Receiver is nothing but a photodiode that breakdown the diode junction when exposed to IR rays.Thus it can be used for activation & deactivation of

particular system.

C.FeaturesThe Following are the prominent features of the above

discussed system

Can record various sensor data, Real Time recording, SD/MMC Card used for huge data storage, PC based software to upload data.

D. Technology & Programming LanguagesAs microcontrollers are the core of these days digital

circuit design in industry, this system uses it for the

centralized operation and digital processing. Thetechnology used here is embedded technology which is thefuture of todays modern electronics.

The followings are the various Programming Languages

& Technologies that are going to be used in the proposedsystem

For Embedded System

Embedded Technology, 8051 Family Based Controller, Embedded C - Keil Compiler, Eagle Software for PCB Designing,

For PC System

VB.net 2008 Based Application Software, Serial Communication Protocol, MSAccess2007 Based Database,

E.Project Development Methodology or Steps

The following will be development steps so as to

achieve the working Prototype Model of the aboveproposed system

Defining the Problem, Understanding the Need & Usability in industry

and society (Market Analysis),

Developing Block Diagram, Designing Circuits of individual blocks, Testing circuits in LAB & Finalizing, Developing PCB on PC, Getting the PCB printed from market, Soldering the components, Performing various Basic Experiments to test the

PCBs,

Developing Flowchart for the entire process, Writing actual Software Program, Compilation & Burning, Testing and Debugging, Developing Flowchart for PC Side Software, Developing Data Flow Diagram, Writing actual code. Finally Running the system and, Documentation.

IV.SCOPE &APPLICATIONSOnly the imagination can limit the applications of the

above proposed system.Though the following are some examples

In Car, In Trucks and transportation system,

In Buses, In Taxis, Auto rickshaws, For any vehicle that is used in travelling, etc,

V. CONCLUSIONBy the realization of the above proposed system one can

learn many aspects of a digital electronics circuit. This will

give the complete knowledge of designing microcontrollerbased system and developing embedded software.

We will also learn the software development strategies

and various programming techniques for PC basedapplications.

VI.ENHANCEMENTSA.Limitations

As generally all systems have some limitation, here aresome listed for the proposed system

The hardware is bulky, The system is not fireproof and waterproof, Currently voice recording is for 8-min only,

B.DrawbacksThis system has certain drawbacks also as listed

The system does not sends alerts, Does not have GPS to locate vehicle,


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C.Future ModificationsThere is always chance to improve the any system as

research & development is an endless process. Our systemis no exception to this phenomenon. The following

improvements can be done

Can be made low sized, Can be made fireproof & waterproof, Can be upgraded for long hours voice recording, Automatic SMS alert can be integrated,

REFERENCES

A.Embedded Books & Websites[1] Myke Predko, Programming and Customizing the 8051

Microcontroller, Edition 1999, Tata McGraw-Hill, Page:157-167.

[2] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, 8051Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Prentice-Hall, Page:183-

193, 236, 243.

[3] Dogan Ibrahim, Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051 ,Newnes, Page:29-161.

[4] Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller ARCHITECTURE,PROGRAMMING and APPLICATIONS, WEST PUBLISHING

COMPANY, Page:131-197.

[5] Michael J. Pont, Embedded C, Edition 2002, Addison Wesley,Page: 57-87,217.

[6] www.beyondlogic.org[7] www.discovercircuits.com[8] www.electronicsforu.comB.Electronics Books & Websites[1] Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits ,

4th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Page:342, 417, 455.

[2] Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices andCircuit Theory, 10th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Page:342, 417, 455.

[3] R.P.Jain,Digital Electronics, Tata McGraw-Hill[4] www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com[5] www.circuitstoday.com[6] www.circuitlake.comC. Software Books & Websites[1] Gary Cornell & Jonathan Marrison, Programming VB.Net: A

Guide for experienced programmers, Second Edition 2002,

ASPToday Publication, ISBN (pbk): 1-893115-99-2, 424 Pages.

[2] Dave Grundgeiger, Programming Visual Basic.Net, First Edition2002, OReilly Publication, ISBN: 0 -596-00093-6, 464 Pages.

[3] Evangelos Petroutsos, Mark Ridgeway, Mastering MicrosoftVisual Basic 2008, First Edition, Wiley Publishing, ISBN: 978-0-

4701-8742-5.

[4] James R. Groff, Paul N. Weinberg, SQL: The Complete Reference,First Edition, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-211845-8.

[5] Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie, The C programmingLanguage, First Edition 1988, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-110370-9.

D. Other Books & Websites[1]

www.alldatasheets.com[2] www.wikipedia.org

[3] www.keil.com
http://www.beyondlogic.org/http://www.beyondlogic.org/http://www.discovercircuits.com/http://www.discovercircuits.com/http://www.electronicsforu.com/http://www.electronicsforu.com/http://www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com/http://www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com/http://www.circuitstoday.com/http://www.circuitstoday.com/http://www.circuitlake.com/http://www.circuitlake.com/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.keil.com/http://www.keil.com/http://www.keil.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.circuitlake.com/http://www.circuitstoday.com/http://www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com/http://www.electronicsforu.com/http://www.discovercircuits.com/http://www.beyondlogic.org/

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