PCB and PCN
description
Transcript of PCB and PCN
PCB and PCNFate and Source
Takeshi Nakano(Hyogo Pref. Inst. of Env. Sci.)
Dr. Imagawa / Dioxin symposium in Kyoto (1994)
Sudden Deathof Dr. Imagawa
on 19th Feb. 2001
It is truly a shame to lose him at such
a young age,and
I thank for hishelp to my study
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Atmospheric PCN (pg-TEQ/m3) in Japan (JEPA)
Homologue distribution of PCN in Ambient air
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
Homologue distribution of PCN in Ambient air
0.01.02.03.04.05.06.0
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
Kobe
On the mountain
Industrial site
0.000
0.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.600
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
Homologue distribution in Ambient air
0.000
0.1000.200
0.3000.4000.5000.600
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
PUF
0
10
20
30
40
50
M1C
B
D2C
B
Tr3
CB
Te4
CB
P5C
B
Hx6
CB
Hp
7CB
O8C
B
N9C
B
D10
CB
PCN (vapor+particle)
PCB(gas phase)
Homologue distribution in Ambient air
0.000
0.1000.200
0.3000.4000.5000.600
Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 Cl6 Cl7 Cl8
PCN
PUF
0
10
20
30
40
50
M1C
B
D2C
B
Tr3
CB
Te4
CB
P5C
B
Hx6
CB
Hp
7CB
O8C
B
N9C
B
D10
CB
PCB
Atmospheric level of PCB/PCN/PCDD/PCDF
1
10
100
1000
PCB PCN PCDD PCDF 0.001
0.01
0.1
1PCB PCN PCDD PCDF
Ambient air (pg/m3) Ambient air (pg-TEQ/m3)
Total concentration TEQ concentration
Air, Rain
1,2,6,7- (#39)
1,2,3,4,6- (#50)1,2,3,6,7- (#54)
1,6,7- (#25)
2,3,6- (#26)1,2,3,4- (#27)
2,3- (#10) 1,2,3,7- (#30)
Air ・ Rain
Air
1,4,6- (#24) 1,3,7- (#21)
Water ・ sediment
β
Selected PCN isomers from result of PCA
Daily variation of PCB in ambient air
0
5 0 0
10 0 0
15 0 0
20 0 0
PC
B C
onc
.(pg
/m3)
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
Air
tem
p.(d
egC
)
PC B (Q MF)
PCB (P UF)
T emp.
0
5 0
1 0 0
Ra
in (m
m)
0
5 0 0
10 0 0
15 0 0
20 0 0
4 9
19
24
24 3
13
23 3
S ampl ing Date
PC
B C
onc
.(pg
/m3)
9 8 0
9 9 0
10 0 0
10 1 0
10 2 0
10 3 0
10 4 0
Air
Pre
ss.(
hPa)
PC B (Q MF)
PCB (P UF)
Pres s .
Figure 1. Changes of PCB concentrations in air with average temperature (°C), atmospheric pressure(hPa), and precipitation (mm) on the sampling date.
R2 = 0 .1 7 93
R2 = 0 .0 0 77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 1 00 1 0 00 1 0 0 00
g as eous -PC B (PUF)(pg / m3)
(°C)
9 80
9 90
1 0 00
1 0 10
1 0 20
1 0 30
1 0 40
(h Pa)
T em p.( °C) P ress ure(h Pa)
R2 = 0 .3 2 74
R2 = 0 .3 3 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.1 1 10 1 00 1 0 00
parti cu late -PCB (Q M F)(pg / m3)
(°C)
9 80
9 90
1 0 00
1 0 10
1 0 20
1 0 30
1 0 40
(h Pa)
T em p.( °C) P ress ure(h Pa)
Relation between distribution of gase and particulate-PCB with temperature (C) and atmospheric pressure (hPa).
KC 300-600
0
10
20
30
PUF
0
10
20
30
QMF
0
10
20
30
#11
#12/
#13
#15
#35
#37
#74
#70
#66
#80/
#55
#56
#77
#107
#123
#118
#114
#105
#126
#156
#157
#169
#180
#193
#191
#170
#190
#189
Co-PCB in air and technical PCB
Gas phase
particulate
HeptaHexaPentaTetraTriDi
3,4,
3’-
3,4,
4’-
3,3’
-
4,4’
-
3,4-
/ 3,4
’-
3,4,
3’,4
’-
PCB
PCN
Isomer spescific analysis
Source estimation
PCB
production 60,000t in Japan
Source Fate Sediment Ambient air
PCB
source Fate Ambient air Congener profiles
PCN
O
Cl
ClCl
O
ClCl
Cl
OH
Cl
OH
Cl
Cl
2,3,8-
1,2,8-+
4-MCP
3,4-DCP 2,3,8-TrCDF
1,2,8-TrCDF
O
Cl
O
OH
OH
Cl
1,4,7-
1,4,9- Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
OH
OH
O
Cl
1,4,6- Cl
O
Cl
1,4,8- Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Synthesis of 1,4,X-T3CDF isomers from chlorophenol
Authentic standard (1,4,7- : NMR)
2,5-DCP
4-MCP
3-MCP
2-MCP
O-m-
p-
1,4,6-TrCDF
1,4,8-TrCDF
1,4,9-TrCDF
1,4,7-TrCDF
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
2-F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
23-F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
248-F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
2378-F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12 3 78 - F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
234 6 78 - F
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
2-D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
23-D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
237-D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
2378-D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12 3 78 - D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
123789-D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12346 78 - D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12346789 - D
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12346 78 - F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
PUF-1 PUF-2 PUF-3
12346789 - F
13C12-MCDF
13C12-OCDF
13C12-HpCDF
13C12-DiCDF
13C12-TrCDF
13C12-TeCDF
13C12-PeCDF
13C12-HxCDF
13C12-MCDD
13C12-OCDD
13C12-HpCDD
13C12-DiCDD
13C12-TrCDD
13C12-TeCDD
13C12-PeCDD
13C12-HxCDD
Breakthrough from PUF plug using High volume air sampler
Source Fate Sediment Ambient air
PCB
source Fate Ambient air Congener profiles
PCN
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
42
37/3
3/34
44/4
7
45/3
6
28/4
3
27/3
0 39 32
48/3
5
38/4
0 46 31 41
TeCN
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.452
/60 58 61 50 51 54 57 62
53/5
5 59 49 56
66/6
7
64/6
8 69
71/7
2 63 65 70
PeCN HxCN
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
4
5/7
6/12
11/8 3 10 9
20/1
9
21/2
4 14 15 16 17
25/2
6 13 22 23 18
DiCN TrCN
PCN congener distribution in ambient air.
0
5
10
15
20
25
4
5/7
6/12
11/8 3 10 9
20/1
9
21/2
4 15 16 17
25/2
6/13 22 23 18 42
37/3
3/34
44/4
7
45/3
6
30/2
7 32
35/4
8
38/4
0 46 41
52/6
0 58 61 50 51 54 57 62
53/5
5 59 49 56
66/6
7
64/6
8 69
71/7
2 63 65 70
PCN congener distribution in ambient air.
PCN isomer distribution in air, dry-deposition, rain particle, Halowax, sediment and landfil sludge.
Air Sampling
Water Sampling 100L
High volume water sampler
•Qurtz Micro Fiber for particulate
•Poly Urethane Foam for dissolved
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
42
37/3
3/34
44/4
7
45/3
6
28/4
3
27/3
0 39 32
48/3
5
38/4
0 46 31 41
TeCN
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.452
/60 58 61 50 51 54 57 62
53/5
5 59 49 56
66/6
7
64/6
8 69
71/7
2 63 65 70
PeCN HxCN
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
4
5/7
6/12
11/8 3 10 9
20/1
9
21/2
4 14 15 16 17
25/2
6 13 22 23 18
DiCN TrCN
PCN congener distribution in ambient air.
0
5
10
15
20
25
4
5/7
6/12
11/8 3 10 9
20/1
9
21/2
4 15 16 17
25/2
6/13 22 23 18 42
37/3
3/34
44/4
7
45/3
6
30/2
7 32
35/4
8
38/4
0 46 41
52/6
0 58 61 50 51 54 57 62
53/5
5 59 49 56
66/6
7
64/6
8 69
71/7
2 63 65 70
PCN congener distribution in ambient air.
PCN isomer distribution in air, dry-deposition, rain particle, Halowax, sediment and landfil sludge.
Analytical Method of Environmental Samples
Sampling
Extraction
Cleanup
Daily Variation
L/L -> SPE
Removal Interference
MeasurementGC/MS, LC/MS
Importance of Low chlorinated DD/DF
formation mechanism
PCB PCN PCDD PCDF
MCDF > TCDF
水系、大気系
degration mechanism
origin estimation
Monitoring of stack gas
Monitoring of Environment
on site analysis
Isomer distribution
Bio degradation pathway
Important information
23478-PeCDF
23478-PeCDF
3453’4’- Co-PCB
3453’4’- Co-PCB
2378- TCDD2378- TCDD
123567-HxCN
123567-HxCN
7575
7575135135
209209
Air depo sediment water soil
Contribution in TEQ value
Ambient airAmbient air
0.001
0.01
0.1
1PCB PCN PCDD PCDF
pg-TEQ/m3
1
10
100
1000
PCB PCN PCDD PCDF
pg/m3
Contribution in TEQ value
TEQ value
Total conc.
Precursor of PCDD/DF formation
Phenol 2-MCP 3-MCP 4-MCP 23-DCP 24-DCP 25-DCP
Phenol 4-F 1/3-F 2-F 34-F 24-F 14-F
2-MCP 46-F 16/36-F 26-F 346-F 246-F 146-F
3-MCP 17/37/19-F 18/27-F 167/347-F 168/247-F 147/149-F
4-MCP 28-F 267-F 248-F 148-F
Precursor of PCDD/DF formation
Landfil
4
5/7
6/1211/8 310
9 20/19
21/24
15 16 1725/26/1322
23
1842
37/33/34
4447
45/3628/43
30/27 39 32 35/48
38/40
463141
52/60
58
61
5051 54
5762
53/55 59
49 5666/67
64/68
69 71/72
63 6570
0
20
40
60
80
4
5/7
6/1
2
11/
8 3 10 9
20
/19
21
/24
15
16
17
25/2
6/1
3
22
23
18
42
37/3
3/3
4
44
47
45
/36
28
/43
30
/27
39
32
35
/48
38
/40
46
31
41
52
/60
58
61
50
51
54
57
62
53
/55
59
49
56
66
/67
64
/68
69
71
/72
63
65
70
Sediment
4
5/7
6/12
11/8 3
10 920/19
21/24
15 16 1725/26/132223
18
4237/33/34
44
47
45/3628/43
30/27 39 32 35/4838/40
46 3141
52/60
58
6150
51 5457 6253/55 59
49 5666/67
64/68
69
71/72 6365
700
20
40
60
80
HALOWAX
4
5/7
6/1211/83
10 9 20/19
21/24
15 16 1725/26/1322
23
18 42
37/33/34
4447
45/3628/43
30/27 39 3235/48
38/40
46
314152/60
58
61
50 51 54
57 6253/55
59
49 5666/6764/68
69
71/72
6365
700
20
40
60
80
dry-depos i ti o n
4
5/7
6/1211/8 3
10 920/19
21/24
15
16
1725/26/1322
23
18 42
37/33/34
44 4745/3628/43
30/27 39 3235/48
38/40
463141
52/60 5861 50
51
5457 6253/55
59
49 56
66/6764/6869
71/72
63 6570
0
20
40
60
80
rain particle
4
5/7
6/1211/8
3
10 9 20/19
21/24
15 161725/26/13
2223
18 42
37/33/34
444745/3628/4330/27
39 3235/48
38/4046
314152/60
5861
5051
54 57 6253/55 5949 56
66/67
64/6869
71/72
63 6570
0
20
40
60
80
Air
4
5/7
6/1211/83
10 920/19
21/24
15 1617
25/26/13
2223 18 42
37/33/34
44 4745/3628/43
30/27
39 3235/4838/4046 3141
52/60
58 61
50
51 5457 6253/5559 49 56
66/67
64/6869
71/72
63 6570
0
20
40
60
80
PCN isomer distribution
Annual inventory of Dioxin from Incinerator
1. Hyogo pref 2. Japan
Hyogo pref
Japan
Emision (g-TEQ/year)
Emission (g-TEQ/year)
Homologue Distribution Homologue Distribution
十五社橋
020406080
100120140
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
River water River water
PCDD PCDD PCDF PCDF
PCDD PCDD
脇田橋
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
PCDF PCDF
River sediment River sediment
Homologue Distribution Homologue Distribution
辰巳橋
0
200400
600
8001000
1200
14001600
1800
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
PCDD PCDD PCDF PCDF
Incineration pattern Incineration pattern
Homologue Distribution Homologue Distribution
River sediment River sediment
脇田橋
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
Pesticide pattern Pesticide pattern CNP CNP
PCP PCP
辰巳橋
0
200400
600
8001000
1200
14001600
1800
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
PCDD PCDD PCDF PCDF
Incineration pattern Incineration pattern
Homologue Distribution Homologue Distribution
River sediment River sediment
PCP PCP
CNP CNP
Pesticide pattern Pesticide pattern
PCDD PCDD PCDF PCDF
燃焼系 燃焼系
神戸市東部沖
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
T4C
DDs
P5C
DDs
H6C
DDs
H7C
DDs
O8C
DD
T4C
DFs
P5C
DFs
H6C
DFs
H7C
DFs
O8C
DF
Homologue Distribution Homologue Distribution
Sea sediment Sea sediment
PCB concentration and TEQ valuePCB concentration and TEQ value
KC300KC300 KC400KC400 KC500KC500 KC600KC600
2x10-
5
2x10-
50.7 x10
-5
0.7 x10-5
6x10-
5
6x10-
53x10-
5
3x10-
5
Source estimationSource estimation
KC 300
KC 300
KC 400
KC 400
KC 500
KC 500
KC 600
KC 600
Sediment ASediment A Sediment BSediment B
Ship paintShip paint
N.C.P.N.C.P.
InsulatorInsulator
InsulatorInsulator
capacitorcapacitor
capacitorcapacitor
環境試料中のコプラナ PCBの相対比環境試料中のコプラナ PCBの相対比
KC300KC300
Isomer distribution and Source estimationIsomer distribution and Source estimation
Sediment ASediment A Water AWater A
KC 4 00KC 4 00 KC 5 00KC 5 00
KC 6 00KC 6 00
Isomer distribution and Source estimationIsomer distribution and Source estimation
Co-PCB in sediment and PCA
P1 :#118,#105,#180
P2 : #180, #170
KC-600
P3 :#77,#105,#180
Co-PCB isomer distribution and PCA
KC-600
KC-600
KC-500
KC-400
KC-300
Co-PCB isomer ratio and Source
KC-600
KC-500
KC-400
KC-300
Sediment A
Sediment B
flyash
Co-PCB isomer ratio in environmental sample
PCDFパ ル プ 漂 白 漂 白 パ タ ー ン TeCDF (2,3,7,8-, 1,2,7,8-)ク ロ ル ア ル カ リ : PCDF (2,3,7,8-, 1,2,7,8-, 1,3,4,6,8-, 1,2,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,7,8-, 1,2,3,4,8-, 2,3,4,7,8-)燃焼起源 ( 流動床炉 ) : PCDF (2,4,6,7‐, 3,4,6,7-, 2,3,6,7-, 2,3,4,6-, 2,3,4,6,8-, 2,3,4,6,7-, 2,3,4,7,8-)農 薬 (CNP) : 24-F,246-F,248-F,2468-F,12468-F, 23468-F農薬 (PCP): OCDF, 1234689-F,1234678-F, 124689-F,12468-F農薬 (24-D) : TeCDF (2,4,6,8‐)
PCDFパ ル プ 漂 白 漂 白 パ タ ー ン TeCDF (2,3,7,8-, 1,2,7,8-)ク ロ ル ア ル カ リ : PCDF (2,3,7,8-, 1,2,7,8-, 1,3,4,6,8-, 1,2,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,7,8-, 1,2,3,4,8-, 2,3,4,7,8-)燃焼起源 ( 流動床炉 ) : PCDF (2,4,6,7‐, 3,4,6,7-, 2,3,6,7-, 2,3,4,6-, 2,3,4,6,8-, 2,3,4,6,7-, 2,3,4,7,8-)農 薬 (CNP) : 24-F,246-F,248-F,2468-F,12468-F, 23468-F農薬 (PCP): OCDF, 1234689-F,1234678-F, 124689-F,12468-F農薬 (24-D) : TeCDF (2,4,6,8‐)
燃焼起源燃焼起源 農薬起源農薬起源
特徴的な異性体特徴的な異性体
PCB Incineration and PCB product(KC,AC)#118/#77ratio、 #77/#126 ratio
PCN Incineration and PCN product(HALOWAX)(Incineration)1267-N, 12367-N, (PCN product)1248-N
PCB Incineration and PCB product(KC,AC)#118/#77ratio、 #77/#126 ratio
PCN Incineration and PCN product(HALOWAX)(Incineration)1267-N, 12367-N, (PCN product)1248-N
PCDDIncineration(FBI) : 2,6-PeCDD(xxx68, xxx79)pattern Incineration(stoker : 2,3-PeCDD patternPesticide(CNP) : PCDD(13-,136-,138-,137-,139-, 1368-,1379-,12479-, 12468-, 12368-, 12379-)Pesticide(PCP) : OCDD, HpCDD(1234678-)Pesticide(24-D) : D2CDD (2,7- , 2,8-)
PCDDIncineration(FBI) : 2,6-PeCDD(xxx68, xxx79)pattern Incineration(stoker : 2,3-PeCDD patternPesticide(CNP) : PCDD(13-,136-,138-,137-,139-, 1368-,1379-,12479-, 12468-, 12368-, 12379-)Pesticide(PCP) : OCDD, HpCDD(1234678-)Pesticide(24-D) : D2CDD (2,7- , 2,8-)
Important Isomer for origin estimationImportant Isomer for origin estimation
quick cleanup methodsquick cleanup methods
PCDDPCDD
PCDFPCDF
PCBPCB
PCNPCN
simultaneous analysis simultaneous analysis
analysis of low chlorinated DD/DFanalysis of low chlorinated DD/DF
origin estimationorigin estimation
Isomer distributionIsomer distribution
排出源毎の特徴的分布を蓄積排出源毎の特徴的分布を蓄積
Incineration Incineration
PCB ( KC 3~600)
PCB ( KC 3~600)
Pesticide Pesticide
PCN ( Halowax)
PCN ( Halowax)
Homologue distributionHomologue distribution
23478-TCDF
23478-TCDF
3453’4’- Co-PCB
3453’4’- Co-PCB
2378- TCDD2378- TCDD
123567-HxCN
123567-HxCN
7575
7575135135
209209
海域底質中 PCBの鉛直分布海域底質中 PCBの鉛直分布
海域底質中 PCBの水平分布海域底質中 PCBの水平分布
PCB 汚染の時間的・経年変化PCB 汚染の時間的・経年変化
PCBは汚染拡散の重要な指標PCBは汚染拡散の重要な指標
環境中で分解しない。:難分解性環境中で分解しない。:難分解性
使用期間 10~ 20 年の環境負荷使用期間 10~ 20 年の環境負荷
PCB汚染の空間的移動PCB汚染の空間的移動
異性体 209 : 情報量が多い異性体 209 : 情報量が多い
熱安定性熱安定性
化学的化学的
生物学的生物学的
海域底質の水平分布と鉛直分布
Production of N.C.P
Annual production Sediment core
PCB concentration
Annual production and Vertical distribution in sediment
海底の地形・水深海底の地形・水深
播磨灘播磨灘大阪湾大阪湾
スープ皿のような地形スープ皿のような地形 東半分:陸、西半分:海東半分:陸、西半分:海
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
Osaka Bay Harima nada
Sea bottom and water depth
like a soup dish Independent area
western and eastern part
siltsilt
sandsand
sandsand
Channel : fast streamChannel : fast stream
Central part: slow stream Central part: slow stream
siltsilt
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
Particle size in sea sediment
海域底質の粒度分布を考慮しない場合海域底質の粒度分布を考慮しない場合
High
High
Low
Low
LowLow
High
High
High
High
濃度の単調減少濃度の単調減少
Inmost part
Inmost part
鳴門鳴門 Osaka Bay
Osaka Bay
coastcoast
Central part : High
Central part : High
channelchannel
NAKANO (1979)
NAKANO (1979)
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
Harima nada
Harima nada
Before normalization by particle size distribution
海域底質の粒度分布を考慮した場合海域底質の粒度分布を考慮した場合
海域底質中 PCBの水平分布海域底質中 PCBの水平分布
恒流図と濃度分布恒流図と濃度分布
粒径・微細粒子・比表面積で規格化粒径・微細粒子・比表面積で規格化
Constant flow map and PCB distribution
After normalization by particle size distribution
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
海域底質の水平分布海域底質の水平分布
大阪湾大阪湾
PCB濃度の距離減衰PCB濃度の距離減衰
神戸港周辺神戸港周辺
Horizontal distribution in sea sediment
Osaka bay
Around Kobe port
PCB concentration and Distance from source
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1
4
2
3
MCDF
13 17
1418
1612
3727
36
46
3426
28
24
19
23
137
DiCDF
TrCDF
138
346
129
267
347/
236
137
237/
149
246
248
136 16
813
412
4/14
7
178
148
126
128
247
167
139/
127
146
123
環境大気環境大気Ambient air
環境大気
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 3 2 4 13 17 14 18 16
12, 24 37 27 23
36, 28 26
19, 34 46 137
138
136
168
134
124,
147
178
148
123
139,
127
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237,
149
234,
238
347,
236
267
129
346
燃焼起源
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1 3 2 4 13 17 14 18 16
12, 24 37 27 23
36, 28 26
19, 34 46 137
138
136
168
134
124,
147
178
148
123
139,
127
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237,
149
234,
238
347,
236
267
129
346
環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)
Ambient air
Incineration ( f lyash)
Isomer distribution of ambient air(MCDF-TrCDF)
環境大気
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
2 1 13
27, 2
3, 2
8
14, 1
7 18 16 12 19 137
138
136
124
139,
237 147
123
178
127
128
146
126
129
燃焼起源
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
2 1 13
27, 2
3, 2
8
14, 1
7 18 16 12 19 137
138
136
124
139,
237 147
123
178
127
128
146
126
129
環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDD~ TrCDD)環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDD~ TrCDD)Isomer distribution of ambient air(MCDD-TrCDD)
Incineration ( f lyash)
Ambient air
塩素漂白パターンの異性体分布 (MCDF~TrCDF)
塩素漂白パターンの異性体分布 (MCDF~TrCDF)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
1 3 2 4 13 17 14 18 16 12 24 37 27 23 28 26 34
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
137
138
136
168
134
124
147
178
148
123
139
127
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237/
149
234/
238
347/
236
267
346
28-28-
23-23-
27-27-37-37-
2-2-
238-238-
128-128-
237-237-
1278-TCDF1278-TCDF
2378-TCDF2378-TCDF
238-TrCDF238-TrCDF
237-TrCDF237-TrCDF
128-TrCDF128-TrCDF
37-DiCDF37-DiCDF
27-DiCDF27-DiCDF
23-DiCDF23-DiCDF
28-DiCDF28-DiCDF
Isomer distribution of bleaching process(MCDF-TrCDF)
塩素漂白パターンの異性体分布 (MCDF~TrCDF)
塩素漂白パターンの異性体分布 (MCDF~TrCDF)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.701 3 2 4 13 17 14 18 16 12 24 37 27 23 28 26 34
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
137
138
136
168
134
124
147
178
148
123
139
127
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237/
149
234/
238
347/
236
267
346
環境大気
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 3 2 4 13
17
14
18
16
12,
24
37
27
23
36,
28
26
19,
34
46
137
138
136
168
134
124, 1
47
178
148
123
139, 1
27
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237, 1
49
234, 2
38
347, 2
36
267
129
346
環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)
28-28-
27-27-
238-238-128-128-
237-237-2-2-
124-124-
24-24-
Isomer distribution of ambient air(MCDF-TrCDF)
Isomer distribution of bleaching process(MCDF-TrCDF)
Ambient air
0
0. 5
1
1. 5
2
2. 5
1 3 2 4 13 17 14 18 16
12,
24 37 27 23
36,
28 26
19,
34 46 137
138
136
168,
134
124,
147 178
148
123
139,
127
, 14
6
167
247
128
126
248
246
237,
149
234,
238
347,
236 267
129
346
農薬 CNP 中の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)農薬 CNP 中の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)
環境大気
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 3 2 4 13
17
14
18
16
12,
24
37
27
23
36,
28
26
19,
34
46
137
138
136
168
134
124, 1
47
178
148
123
139, 1
27
146
167
247
128
126
248
246
237, 1
49
234, 2
38
347, 2
36
267
129
346
環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)環境大気の異性体分布 (MCDF~ TrCDF)
248-248- 246-246-
124-124-24-24-
24-24-
Isomer distribution of ambient air(MCDF-TrCDF)
Isomer distribution of pesticide CNP (MCDF-TrCDF)
pesticide CNP
Ambient air
Detail is as follows
T.NAKANO and R.WEBER
Organohalogen compounds, (2000)
ISOMER SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF MONO- TO TRICHLORINATED
DIBENZO-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS -
TABLE II Resulting main PCDF fragments from the chlorophenols by pyrolysis at 400C
Fragment in resulting PCDF used Phenol by H-Elimination Phenol by Cl-Elimination
0 Phenol 2-C-Phenol
1 3- C-Phenol 2,3-C-Phenol
2 4- C-Phenol 2,4-C-Phenol
3 3- C-Phenol 2,5-C-Phenol
4 2- C-Phenol 2,6-C-Phenol
12 3,4- C-Phenol 2,3,4-C-Phenol
13 3,5- C-Phenol 2,3,5-C-Phenol
14 2,5- C-Phenol 2,3,6-C-Phenol
23 3,4- C-Phenol 2,4,5-C-Phenol
24 2,4- C-Phenol 2,4,6-C-Phenol
34 2,3- C-Phenol 2,3,6-C-Phenol
123 3,4,5- C-Phenol 2,3,4,5-C-Phenol
124 2,4,5- C-Phenol 2,3,4,6-C-Phenol
134 2,3,5- C-Phenol 2,3,5,6-C-Phenol
234 2,3,4- C-Phenol 2,3,4,6-C-Phenol
1234 2,3,4,5- C-Phenol 2,3,4,5,6-C-Phenol
TABLE III Sources of the PCDDs and PCDFs with 1 to 3 chlorines
No. Isomer CA registry Sources and puritynumber
MCDDs1 1 39227-53-7 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)
(b) Pyrolysis(P+23-DiCP); 2 39227-54-8 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)
(b)Cambridge Isotope Lab., USA; (c) Pyrolysis(P+24-DiCP);
DiCDDs1 12 Pyrolysis(2-CP+234-TrCP);2 13 Pyrolysis(2-CP+246-TrCP);3 14 Pyrolysis(2-CP+236-TrCP);
4 16 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP);5 17 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+24-DiCP);6 18 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+24-DiCP);
7 19 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP);
8 23 29446-15-9 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)(b)Cambridge Isotope Lab., USA;
9 27 33857-26-0 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)(b) Pyrolysis(24-DiCP)
10 28 38964-22-6 (a)Wellington Lab., U.S.A. ; > 98%(GC/MS)(b) Pyrolysis(24-DiCP)
TrCDDs1 123 54536-17-3 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)
(b) Pyrolysis(2-CP+2345-TeCP)2 124 39227-58-2 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)
(b)Copyrolysis(2356-TeCP+2-CP)3 126 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+234-TrCP)4 127 Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+234-TrCP)5 128 Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+234-TrCP)6 129 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+234-TrCP)7 136 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+246-TrCP)8 137 67028-17-5 Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+246-TrCP) 9 138 Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+246-TrCP) 10 139 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+246-TrCP)11 146 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+236-TrCP)12 147 Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+236-TrCP)13 178 Pyrolysis(23-DiCP+245-TrCP)
14 237 33857-28-2 (a)AccuStandard Inc., U.S.A. ; 100%(GC/MS)(b) Cambridge Isotope Lab., USA;
(c)Pyrolysis(24-DiCP+245-TrCP) Acronyms a CDD = chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; CDF = chlorinated dibenzofurans ; CP = chlorophenols; M= mono; Di = di; Tr = tri;
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
24 25 23 26 35 34 235
246
245
234
236
345
2356
2346
2345 PCP
246-P/ 245-P =2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
24 25 23 26 35 34 235
246
245
234
236
345
2356
2346
2345 PCP
246-P/ 245-P =7
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2 1
DCDD 13
27, 23, 28
14, 17 18 16 12 19
TrCDD
137
138
136
124
139, 237 147
123
178
127
128
146
126
129
246-P/ 245-P =2
020004000600080001000012000140001600018000
2 1
DCDD 13
27, 23, 28
14, 17 18 16 12 19
TrCDD
137
138
136
124
139, 237 147
123
178
127
128
146
126
129
246-P/ 245-P =10
MCDD-TrCDD
NMR 1,4,7-TrCDF
Authentic standard
H9
H6H8
H2 ; H3