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1 1 I / /

vOL. 2, NO. 10

Washington, O.C. 20525I II I

PC StaffTakes MoreEx- Volunteers

Former Volunlcers are continllingto increase [heir representation on[he Peace Corps staff. By last Oc-tober, 66 had become staff menlbers.There arc now 9 I working in Wash-ington and overseas, and an additional3 I have appointn>cnts pending.

Of those fornler Volllntccrs cur-rcn[ly w,i[h the Peace Corps, 22 :Irewon, cn, 69 arc men, Two wponlcn havehccn :Unlong 36 fornler Voltlnleers xs-signcd to stafl posi[ ions overseas. Atotal of 4[ former Volltntecrs h:!vc

@ ;“other work.scr\fed in stafT positions and gone on

fn Washington, retllrnccl Vohtnlccrsilre working in Program Develop n~enttlnd Opcr:btions (1 2), Volunteer S1tp-port (1 2), Training ( I I). Public Af-tibirs (8). Selection (4), Planning.Evalttation, and Research (3), TalentSc:trcb (3), M;!n:tgcnlcnt (1), and theDivision of Univcrsi[y, Private, andInlcrnational CO-Oper:ttiOn ( 1).

Tol:d Peace Corps st;htf in Wash-ington is abollt 673 persons; overseas,:Ihoul 300.

Enter the Fouflh YearThe Pcacc Corps nl;irks the be-

ginning of its fottrth year ovcrse,lsthis nlo,>th. On ALIS 30. 1961, thefirst grotIp of Volunteers to go :$broad,Irrivccl in Ghann.

The Pcacc Carps’ oficial birtbdayis M:lrc.h 1, the date in 1961 whenPresident Kennedy issued the Exccu.live Order crc:jting the agency. TbcPc:icc Corps Act passed by Congressbeci!nle low on Sep. 22, 1961.

At the end of 1961, there were 614Volunteers ill 13 countries; now tbercIre nlorc th:tn 6000 in 43 counlries,with sonle 4000 trainees in the U ,S,More tbnn 2000 bnve con>pleted service

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A WinnerBarbara Guss, a Volunteer from LosAngeles, holds the silver CUP and cer-tificate she won last month in BatuGajah, Malaysia, for taking first prizein a national-language contest fornon-Malay women. She wore a red sa-rong for the event. Story, page 24.

400 JuniorsGet Part OneOf Training

Some 400 college sludents are lln-dergoing eight weeks of Pcacc Corpstraining this sllnln~cr as part of thePc:kce Corps Senior-Year PrOgranl,new (his yci, r.

The progranl is designed for jt!niors,,,ho u,ant to join the Pcacc Corpsfollowing tbcir gr:,duation. Unlikethe ust,ai three-month Peace Corps[=lining plan, tr;iining for those in theScniOr-Year PrOg~lm conies in tu,oFar(s: one between junior and senioryc:)rs, lbc other follo\ving sctlior yc:ir.

Sttldcnts in the progranl will thllsha\c an opportunist), to i“tegratc theircol!rsc work and independent study ofsenior ye:ir at college in \vays th~twill make thenl potentially nlore ef-fective as VOlllntccrs.

Five scc[ions of !hc Senior.Yv~rProgranl are Ll!lder \\,:Iy this sllmnlcr.Dartnlouth has shout 150 trainees forteaching jobs in French-spc:!king WestAfrica; lhe Uni\,crsit), of Californiaat Berkeley h:is :lbout 65 trainees forteaching jobs in English-spcokingWest Africa; San Francisco SiaIcCollege has :11>011125 trainees forte:tching in l.iberi~t: Yale and C:tnlpR:!dlcy, tbc Pcacc Corps training fa-cility in P1)crto Rico, each have :al>oltt75 tvainccs for co,>>,]lt,l>ity-’lcvclop-

nlent n,ork in Sol, th Atllcrica.These lr:tinccs \~fill rctl!rn to the

s:ir,lc insliluliolls in rbc stlnlnlcr ofi96j for six \<ceks of bc:ilth [r:,ining.:,’ldil ional Iangtlagc sttId),, and specificcol!n try :),1’{ assignrllcnt hricfing.

The SctliOr-Yc:, r PrOgranl is c:lrry -i,lg \,,itb it a .Ljn>bcr of innov.t[ ions intraining. At Dar[tllouth, for cx:,nlple,10 forn>cr Volunteers who have conl-plctcci tol]rs in Frc”ch-spc:! king WestAfric:8 arc scr\,ing on the trainingst:itT. They :!rc hclpi”g 10 PII1 across

(Cor,[i,z,,,<f o,, pngc 24)

2 VolunteersHave Kitchen,Will Travel

Two Volunteers who ret”r.ed re.cenlly to the U.S. from Peru are headedsouth again i“ charge of a mobile kitch.en designed 10 improve the “u!ritio”of children in Latin America.

The kilchcn.o”.whee]s, first of SeVera\

planned for Central and So”(h America,is on a 6000-mile tour that will touch10 cot, ”tries, It will k used for demo”.slration to tenth better use of local foodsas well ?s preparation methods forsurplus U.S. foods,

The unit, consisting of a kitchen bodyon a lruck chassis, was donated by lh~America” Freedom From Hunger Foun-dation, a nonprofit organization set upto enco,irage nongovernment parlicipa.[ion in the Freedom From Hunger cam.paig”.

The to~,r is sponsored by OperationNifios. a Dart of the Alliance for profi.ress food” pro~ram administered by [FeUS. Agency for International Develovment.

John James of Hickory, N. C,, andWilliam Fitzpatrick of Hartford, Con”.,will be i“ charge of [he kitchen on i[s10”c. Both served in Per” nutrition ~roi-ecls which provided hot meals for sc”ho~lchildren, The school-lunch program, op-erated with U,S and Peruvian govern-ment assistance, is i[self a part ofOperation Nifios, which has hetped toimprove the diet of some 10,000,000children.

No Ntttritio” Expericnc.

Befoce going to Peru, James had neverhad any “utri[ ion expedience, He grad”-aled in 1959 with a B.A. i“ commerceand Spanish irom Lenoir Rhyne Collegei“ Hickory and the” a“ditcd courses foreight months at !he University of hla-drid, Later he worked ns n st, pcrvisorfor the Hickory recreation departmentand as a practice. teacher. As a Vo!un.leer in Peru, he ocganized and trainedvol”ntarv hel~ers a“d su”ecvised [heschool-l~~”ch program for ihe provinceof Cama”&.

Fitzpatrick had worked in food ha”.dling a“d processing before joi.i”g thePeace Corps, He had had a variety ofexperience in hotel, grocery, and restau-rant b“sincsses i“ the U.S. and C~!baas an employee, partner, or owner. Asa soldier in Italy following World WarIf, he had Sl!perv ised i“ an ice-creamplant.

J“ Per”, Fitzpatrick served as a foodmanager for tht co~,ntry<s Ministry of

At dedication ceremonies Iaqt month in Washi”gto”, Fitzpatrick showed mobilekitchen to Mrs. Lyndon B, Johnson; photo was taken through open side of vehicle.

Public Heallh, supervising the processingin and distrib”lio” from a central plantfor the National School FeeSing Pro.gram. fn addition, he set t,pl a systemfor feedi”E i“ the schools of tima,(he capital. ,

The fimt stop of the mobile kitchenwas [o be hfexico City, where it was tolake a ‘.leach-the-teachers%, part in aconference of n“tri!ionists froml 15 LatinAmerican countries. Other stops arcscheduled for Gi,atemak,, El Salvddo,,Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rjca, Pa”.am., Colombia, Ecuador, a“d Peru.

At each slop, home economists orJames and Fitzpatrick themselves areto present demonstrations. A side ofthe van optns and spectators CA” wa[chactivity i“ the kitchen.

The kitchtn has modcr” equipment,inch,ding a gas-operated stove i a“d rc.frigeralor, for ease i“ prepar~tio” ofsample foods i“ quantity. Kitchenu[ensils i“ local t,se will be carried, sohousewives can observe how t? do thesame job at home “sing O“IY eqt>ipme.tthey alrezdy possess. (

At the end of the 1o(,c, exp~cted 10take three months, the mobile kitchenwill be donated [o Per”. It \will beoperated lhere by [he Pee. vian ,govern-me”t.

The truck was dedicated i. Washing-10” o“ July 14 by h{rs, Lyndo~ Job”.son, wbo told lames and Fitzpatrick,‘A( least if yo” get hungry alo”g theway, yo” are in a position to do some.thing about it,,, hfrs. Johnson bade aspeccb i“ Spanish, a“d co”cl”ded with,,B,,c,,<! s,,e,le, b,,.,, r;”jc, y V“YO co,,Dies,,,

2

‘NationalGeographic’Pictures VolunteersIn September Issue

The National Geographic Socieiyfocuses on the Peace Corps in September,as lhe Society,s magazine prestots a49-page section of color photographstogelher with s(ories written by Volun-teers in six countries.

11 mill be one of lhe Iongesl sepora(efeatures lhe N~ttio,tal GeoErapltic A40g<i-zitte has run since i~ first appeared in1888. Planning for (he ?eace Corpsstory began a year ago, and the Societybas sent photographers the,, sands ofmiles around the world to get photos ofVolunteers on the i~b,

Volunteers who contributed articlesfor the feature include Nan and JimBorlon (Alexandria, V.. ) in Turkey.Earl and Rhoda Brooks (Minneapolis)i“ Ecuador, Edward De”nison (Bea,,er.ton, Ore. ) in Bolivia, Richard Dottghty(Oakland, Cal. ) in Indonesia, RuthDygert (potsdam, NY.) in Ta.ganyika,and John Murphy <New London, Corm. )in Gabon, A 4000-word review of thePeace Corps, firsl three years, written byDirector Sargent Shriver, begins thespecial section.

Copies of the September issue of theGeogr”pltic may be obtained by writingdireclly to The National GeographicSociety, llth and kf St. N. W., Wash.ington, DC. 20036, enclosing $1.10 bycheck or money order, which includespostage (o .0 points outside the U.S.

“~TrainingschePresident Johnson in Isle June named

Franklin H. Williams, Dtrector of thePeace Corps’ Africa Regional Office, tobe U.S. represenvativc on the UniledNations Economic and Social Council.The Senale confirmed the nomination.

Wtlliams, 46, had been wilh the PeaceCorps since 1961. He served as SpecialAssistant to the Director, Chief of theUnited Nations and International Agen.ties Division, and then as the Direclor ofthe Division of Private Organizations.Since July, 1963, he had headed PeaceCorps programs in Africa.

He gradua[ed from Lincoln Universityin 1941 and received a law degree fromFordham in 1945. From 1945 to 1957he did legal work for the National Assn.for the Advancement of Colored People.From 1957 IO 1958 he was director ofthe Freedom Fund, and from 19S9 to196 I he was assistant attorney gc”eralfor the state of California.

Williams will serve as the principaladviser to Ambassador Adlai Stevensonon economic and social affairs and willrepresent the U.S. on the Economic andSocial Council. He is married and haslwo children,

His successor al the Peace Corps isRobert K. Poole, n,ho has betn PeaceCorps Representative in Malawi, formerlythe British East African protectorate ofNyasaland, Poole now lakes charge of45 Peace Corps programs in i4 Africancountries where more than 2000 Voi-unleers are serving.

Poole, 32,, is a 1954 graduate of YaleBefore comnng to the Peace Corps in1962, he was a history teacher at TaftSchool, of which he is a zrad”ale. In1960, on a study granl from Tafl, hevisited I I African counlries and laterset up at Taft the school’s first coursein African studies.

Al Yale, Poole played rugby andvarsity football and was middleweightboxing champion. He is married andhas three children.

Other Staff Ch””ges

A number of other changes havetaken place recently in Peace Corpsstaff. James Bough[ on, Deputy Directorof the North Africa-Near East-South AsiaRegional Office, is the ncw Represents.tivc in Pakistan.

Bot!ghto”, 43, >, State DepartmentForeign Service officer o“ loan to thel,tace Corps, has bee” with the agencysince h~arch, 1962. He has servedas a desk officer and has made severalextended trips abroad on programmingmissions. He is a gradt, ate of Yale and

Council I

has bee” in the State Department since1946, serving in Ccylo” and Libya asn,ell as i“ Washington. He is marriedand has five sons.

Warren Fuller, since 1962 DeputyDirector of the Latin America RegionalOffice, is (he new Repraenlalive inBrazil. For eight years before joiningthe Peace Corps, he headed programsin Italy, Brazil, and Paraguay for thel“tergovernmental Committee for Euro-pean Migration, Belween 1945 and 1952Ftdler held several positions in Europew,ilh [he United Na[ions Relief and~ehabilhation Administration and theI“ter”atio”al Refugee Organization.

Fuller, 44, *as horn in Thailand, Ibeson of missionary parents. He attendedPrinceton and gradu aled in 1942 fromthe University of Illinois. He is marriedand has two children.

Sanchez Repl”ces F“llev

Replacing Fuller in Washington isLeveo Sanchez, 34. He has been withthe Peace Corps since 1962, serving firstas an evaluator visiling and reporting onthe effectiveness of Peace Corps opera-tions abroad. He has bee” Chief of theCentral America and Caribbean Divi-sion for nearly t%,o years, Before join.ing [he Peace Corps he worked in Peruand Nicaragua for five years.

Jasin Edwards, for 18 months DeputyRepresentative in Chile, has bee. aP-pointed Represcnlalive in Bolivia. Be-fore joining the Peace Corps, Edwards.now 36, worked as director of lhe Newh{exico Council on Economic Education.as a commercial and company pilot, andas an equipment operalor in a“ Alaskancoal mine.

C. Payne Lucas, Associate Representa-tive in Togo since last year, is the newRepresentative in Niger. Before joiningthe Peace Corps staff, he was an execu-tive trainee at (he Defense Departmentand, while attending college, worked withMontgomery County (Md. ) RecreationDepartment, He is 31.

3

At Overseas College

For First Time

Forty-three Volunteers left the U.S.for Turkey in July, as the Peace Corpscarried out a significant departure fromusual training procedure.

The new Volunteers, who will teachEnglish in Turkish secondar~schools,are the first to receive a major portionof their training at a host.country col-lege. In the past, as will continue tobe the case in most instances, traininghas been cond.cled al U.S. institutions,supplemented by the Peace CorPs’ campsi. Puerto Rico, and by occasional fieldwork for trainees in Canada and Mexico.

The Peace Corps has contracted withRobert College, an American. adminis.lered institution in Islanbul, to completethe training of the English teachers.after they spenl a month of preparatorywork with the Experiment in Jnterna-Iio”al LivinE at Put.ey, Vt.

Tbe Volunteers =ill spend seven weeks.1 Robert. Tbe college will provide fnc-ulty, facilities, training equipment, andadministration of the program in con-sultation with a Peace Corps trainin6officer from Washington, John Bordie.David Garwood, an American professorin the Robert humanities department,will direct the pro6ram.

Voht.teers will study methods ofleaching English as a foreign language—the .$TEFV melhds developed inrecent years by Ii”guislic scientists.TraininE will include practice. teachinswith Turkish students and concentratedinstruction in the Turkish language. Vol.unteers will make use of laboratories inRobert’s language center, one of themost modern installations of its kind in[be Middle East.

Visiting scholars from the TurkishMi”is[ry of Education and Turkish uni-versities will supplement lectures 0.the history, culture, and traditions ofTurkey, and physical education willstress Turkish games and folk-dancing

Already on the job in Turkey are 100Vol””teers—71 working as secondary -scbool and nursery-school leachers, and29 in vocational and health education.includin~ home-economists, commercial-practice teachers, nurses, and saialworkers.

The Volunteers now in Turkey willbe joined in September by some 100more, now undergoing Irni”ing for sec-ondary school and university assignments.( Portland (Ore. ) Stale College. Agroup of community-development Vol.unteers will go to Turkey in October,and is now training with the Experi.ment in International Living.

New Booklockers

,.. ..

ReadiedFor Volunteers Going Abroad

Three lho”sa”d booklockers are beingprepared for lhe use of Vol””teers e“.Iering service (his year a“d in early 1965,

They are in addition to lhe 5400booklockers sel up for distribulio” i“1962 and ’63,

The booklocker program is by far thelargest part of the books.for.Volunteerseffect, having supplied 2,1 I0,218 volumessince 196 !. All told, some 3,300,000books have gone to Volunteers. Thehigher total includes books shipped bytheir donors or by variou other agenciesoutside the Peace Corps,

Each one of !he new booklockers co”-tains about 250 paperback a“d otherinexpensive publications: Iiterat”re (fic-tion. poetry, biography), nonfiction(Americana, i“ter”ational studies, sci-e“cc), reference (dictionary, almanac,maps), a“d books on learning Englishas a foreign Ia”guage. 1“ addition, Ihebooklockers have a section devoted toworks appropriate to the geographicalregion where Volunteers are working:Latin America, Africa, Far East, NorthAfrica, and Near Easl/Sou[h Asia,

Abotlt 6S per cent of the ,64 titlesare difierent from those i“ the ’63 bo~-Iockers, Among authors represented forthe first time are 1.. ” Tttrgenev, AlanSiilitm, Hugh Sidey, Gu”ter Grass, Ten.nessee Williams, Richard Neustadt, a“dMichael Hnrri”gton,

Distrib”lio” Plnn

The plan is to send one of the ,64booklockers to each “ew household ofVolunteers. 1. cases where new Vol-unteers move into households wilh oldVolunteers, tbe placing of the ’64 book-Iockers will be at the discretion of thePeace Corps Representative i“ eachcountry.

The booklockers wece conceived aslibraries to provide entertainme”l andi“formn lion for Volt, ”teers in serviceand also to help those interested inteaching En@isb, a sttbject in greatdemand among citizens of co””lrieswhere Vol(,. teers are working.

The books are ex~ndable; that is,[he Vol””teer on completi”~ service isnot held accountable for them. ManyVolunteers hfive used them as bases forschool or town libraries or UPO” Ieavi”gfor home have do”aled them, to personswhose English is sticie”tly good 10assure profitable “se of the books.

ntany Volunles Donated

About 20 per cent of the booklockervolumes are donated 10 the Peace Corps

by publishers. Most of the rest arebought at disco””ts ranging’ from 40to 75 per cent. For shipmen[,, the booksare packed into trays and then into awaterproof pasteboard box, O“ arrival.the t,ay~ may be stood 0“ edge to S~~V~

aS shelves,To keep a fresh flow of tiooks, the

Peace Corps Book Co.ordi”atjo” Oficehopes to cha”~e more than 50 per centof tbe titles i“ each year,, booktocker,Volunteers with suggestions for specifictides or for alterations i“ ih~ makeupof the titl~ Iisl should wrile 10 the Divi.sio” of Vol””teer Support, Pe~ Corps,Washington.

BusinessmenFor Service

In Executive CorpsFive.thousand Amtrica” b“sin~smen

have vol””leered 10 join a b“si”ess-executives’ co. ”terpart of the PeaceCorps, it was reported i“ July by [heincipient l“ternational Executive Servicecorps.

Formed as a “onprofil corporalio”wilh headquarters in New York, theorganization PI.”s 10 send ma”age-menl experts abroad to help speedeconomic progress in the world>s de.veloping nations.

Pceside”t Johnson, meeting recently atIhe White House wi(h members of theboard and staff of the group, hailed ilsformation as a“ i“spiri”g example ofsane a“d sensible, responsible a“d co”-str”clive co.operation between govern-ment and private enterprise.”

A board of 40 prominent Americanb,,sincss leaders will oversee the corps,wi(h the U.S. Agency for I.tematio.alDevelopment s“pplyi”g administrativeand logistic suppoti, Requests for nearly500 volunteers have already ken re.ceived from 32 co”.(ries, the corpsreports. It is expected (bat a directorwill be named i“ the near f“t”re.

Absentee ‘Voting Information—Vol””teers overseas who are eligible to

vole in lheir home-s[ ate precincts maylake advantage of the Federal Post CardAppticatiO. fOr Abse.lee Ballot! which isavailable through Representatives andfield staff membem.

The 1964 General Elec[io”’ will beheld o“ No”, 3, hfany states ~rmitvoter registration by absentee process,and Volu”leers who arc not already regis-tered voten may use tbe FPCA ,fo,rm forregistration, i“ addition to apphcat,o” foclocal ballots. I

Voting procedures vary from state tostate, and Volunteers who intend to voteshould CO”S”I1 the Voli,lg l,tf~r,not;on1964 pamphlets distributed to all PeaceCorps Representatives a“d field staff

memben.The FPCA farm by itself, when sub.

mitted by Vol””tetrs, may “01 entitlethem to registration or voting ptivitegesin each state. In some states il does, a“di“ others the FPCA form serves as areauesl for the state’s own forms whichm~sl be completed and returned to cegis.trars, In the case of married couples,husband and wife must each submit anFPCA form.

The FPCA forms require no postage,a“d will be re[t, rned to the U. S, byofficial air pou.h, Volunteers shouldcomplete the farms at the earliest possibledate, i“ order to ins.re thal their ballotswill be received wilbin stale-set deadlinesfor ahsenree voting.

THE PEACE CORPS NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL, a group of ~romine”t Americans representing a cross.sectionof national life, met in Washington last month for conferences with Peace Corps staff members and former Volunteers, As they

A,th”r 1. Flemming Mr$,RobertKintne, Mur,aYD.Lincoln Benjamin[, May, ‘Mr,.J,”et l,;~h B,a”dt GeorgeH.G,ibbe” R,lPh~z,,”,

2Don’t Exasperate — Incorporate!

‘~ For a Problem in Dominican Republic,

Volunteer Makes Sporting PropositionVolunteer Frederick Kalhammer (Phila.delphia) holds a B.S. degree in market.ing, granted by St. Joseph’s Col Iege ofPhiladelphia in June, 1962. His minorsubjects were phi Iosophy and German.While in college, he supported himselfby working as a machinist’s apprenticeand as a paper.mill worker.

By Frederick Kalhammer

San Pedro de Macoris is a fairlyweallhy sugar.exporting town of about25,000 on the southern coast of theDominican Repttblic, 45 miles easl ofthe capital, Santo Domingo.

I came here as a membtr of a groupof Volunteer co-operative advisers inFebruary, 1963. In addition to our ac.livities with thecooperative mOve-ment, 1 have beenworking 0. an ex.tensive program ofbuilding sporls fa.cililies; to date, wehave constructedor rccondilionedseven Olympic.sized basketball.volleyball CO,lrlS.

Five of the courlshove been equipped

Kalhammer

with modern Iighling systems, in ane@orl to give the’ town’s yoltth places to80 and things 10 do after s[, ”down. NowSan Pedro has a modern playgroundsystem, but until recently I was botheredwith doubts abo”l its f.lure effectiveness.

Not long ago, tbe last of the basket-ball. volleyball cot!rts was inauguratedwi!h a game won, somehow, by a team ofoul-o f-shape Vol. nleers playing against:1 San Pedro all.star selection, 52.36.

Despite the visitors’ victory, tbe gamebrot~ght howls of delight from the moreIhan 2000 onlookers and infinite satis.faction to me, for il SiEnaled tbe endof a 13-month struggle of fund-raising,hand.blistering work, and o.ercominfi

of local indifference.But then another problem of an even

more serious nature began to troubleme: that of making sure the sportsprogram would conlinue and prosper inlhe future when my service here wdsover. I think lhe solution may ~ ofinterest to other Volunteers faced withtbe same siluation. It may not workeverywhere, but il has in San Pedro deMacoris.

In all Dominican towns the lack ofmoney for sports programs, art exhibits.concerts, a“d other public activitiesforces lhose interested in promoting suchthings to make general appeals forf“”ds, This is how the courts werebuilt. BY cornering a couple of thetown’s most wealthy and influentialpeople into accompanying me, we madepersonal appeals to everyone who couldafford to contrihu[e and raised morethan $2500 in cash nnd buildingmaterials.

B“t whal, I asked myself, wo,,ldhappen when the nets frayed and neededreplacing, or when a visiting team hadto be fed. or when uniforms for apeewe. league were needed? Somethinghad 10 be done to get the town’s long-term support.

F,”aOy. I hit upon the idea of forminga nonprofit corporation. which is “OWknown as lhe Patro”alo Deporlivo(Sporting Palronship) de S.. Pedro deMacoris Inc. Charlered under Domini.can Ley 520 (which, ironically enough.is a law still on Ihe hooks from Amcri-. . . occt!pation days, 1916.1924) i!works like [his: any pemon may hea member who contributes $5 o“ amonthly basis; one automatically losesmembership upon defaulting an install-ment. The importanl Ihing, of course,is to get persons or organizations 10commit themselves on a monthly basis,thereby providing continuous and as.s.red backing for any program. Todate contribt,tions amount to $425 Permonth and continue to rise.

Whh this money the lhree. man boardof directors who agreed to help me inmy corporate venture (technically, I havenothing to do with Ihe corporation)have hired ihe supervisor of the town’sphysical-education teachers by aL,gmenl-ing his salary while charging him withthe following duties: maintenance andr~,pair of the sports facilities; organiza-[ton of tournaments; procurement ofequipment; and instruction of basketballand .oltey ball on the courts at night.

1“ brief, eve~one seems delightedwith the arrangement, even those whogive money; for the most part, lhey

are of (he merchant class, and for themIhe idea of corporate giving has a s~cialaPPeal. SO, if YOUhctve money problems,one poss!hle answer is: don’t jusl ex-asperate—incorporate !

A Shriver Biography

Is Author5 First BookThe first biography of Peace Corps

Director Sargent Shriver was p,, blishedin July, written by a Edtimore freelancewriter,

Entitled S[irge)l! SIIriver: A Co!tdidPorIr.;t, the book is also the first byRobert A. Listen, who had written aboloShriver earlier in Trf(e magazine. Listenhas been a reporter for various news.papers, and has written articles for sev-eral I.rge.circul ation magazines.

Tbe slim (209 pages) vol.mc abot,tShriver reco~tnts in text and photos hisearly life, his career before !he advenlof tbe Pence Corps and his direction ofthe ttgency, and concb!des w,itb specula-tion abo,tt his f,~tt,re. P1,blisher isFarrar. S!raus and Co., New York.

Malawi New State in Africa

July 6 nlarked lhe independence ofh4alawi, a “.w Afrira” stale formerlyknown as Nyasab, nd.

The Peace Corps has been assistingMalawi since January, 1963. Ninety-fiveVoh, nte.r teachers are now at work inMalawi secondary schools and teacher.(raining colleges. Two Volunteer lawyers:!re at work in Nlalawi helping lo [r~inAfrican judicial personnel.

were addressed by Director Sargent Shriver, these candid photos were taken. Eleven members of the Council were unable to bepresent for the meeting, held both at Peace Corps headquarters and at the White House. Council Chairman is President Johnson.

30V, John1. Considine Mrs.Ha,veYB.SChechter Rev.ClarenceE. fickett Rev.Jamesn. Rotin$on M,,. Albe,tM,Crea”field DonaldA.Petfie Sargentshrive,

Traffic policeman stands i“ front of presidential paIa~e inQuito; city lies almost on equator at 9350 feet above sea level,

ECUADORVolunteers Serve in ‘Country of Contrffsis’

Gulls fill the air over boats coming ashore at Manta, a~ishiog village set on a barren, rainless Pacific promo”.

Abotlt the Country

In 1533, the Spanish conque!edthe rich Inca kingdom of Quitoand put to death the ruler, Ata.hualpa, despite his payment ofa roomful of gold as ransom. Theland was ruled as a colonyuntil the 1800s, when a wave ofrevolution swept the Spanishpossessions in Latin America.Republican forces finally broughtindependence on May 22, 1822,and Ecuador became part ofSim6n Bol Ivar,s confederation ofGran Colombia. In 1830, thesouthern part withdrew from theconfederation to become the Re-public of Ecuador. Of its present4% million inhabitants, about 40per cent are pure Indian! another40 per cent are mestrzo. Theremainder are whites or areNegroes, descended from es.caped slaves who settled yearsago in some Andean valleys andsome coastal regions. Althoughthe official language is Span.tsh, many of the people speakQuechua (the Inca tongue) orother Indian languages. The mainreligion is Roman Catholicism.

,

Erich Hofmann has been Deputy PeaceCorps Director in Ecuador si,oce September, .1963, Before that time he sewedthe Peace Corps as a program officerand the” Assistant Oirector of the Divi.Sion of Private Organizations, Born a“dreared in Hambur&Harburg, Germany,Hofmann came to the U.S. in 194S, Heholds a B.A. degree in sociology, grantedby Manchester (Ind,) College in 1950,and MO M.A, degrees from the Univer.sity of Wisconsin—one i“ Sociology,granted in 1952, and one in social psy-chology, granted in 1953. From 1954 utdi Ihe came to the Peace Corps I he waseducation d<rector of the Co~ncil onStudent Travel in New York, where hedirected education programs for inter.national travelers. He lists ~!ushing,NY,, as his home, He is married andhas two children, 1

By Erich Ho fman”

The besl.k”onn-a.d maybe the only+omprebe”sive book o“ Ecuador bearsthe apt subtitle Co,,,tlry oj Cb”rros,s.Ecuador, which although abo”l Ihe sizeOf Colorado is So”(h America,s ,seco”d.smallest country, sits astride [he equator.1“ fact, its name means eq!,urqr, Butdistinctive a“d co”trasti.g elemems keepit from being anolher steaming-hotequatorial country. The shore is ,washedby the Humboldt Current, which brings

6

cooling breezes most of the year to thecoaslal lowlands. The country’s mid-section is covered north to sottlh with12,000-20,000 peaks of the Andes, whichgive 9350 -fool.hi~b Qui[o, the counlry,scapital, a mea” a“n”al temperal.re of56 degrees Fahrenheit, The caster” low.lands, called the O,ienre a“d stretchingoff to the Colombia. and Peruvian fro”-tiers, are .oland jungle, more in [helrad;lional t~opical patter”.

Volunteers serve i“ the hot junglesof the partially ““explored Orie”te, inthe lemperale or cold %erra, and i“the subtropical coastal plain, They workwith a populalio” as heterogeneous asany i“ the world, ranging from the pureIndian through the CI,O1O(mixed India..White) to the pure<, white a“d Negro,

As helerogeneo.s as the people isthe social and cultural stratification,This is a country wilh an annual percapita income of under $200, Vo!””.teers, activities range from working withthe mass of illiterate i$,,asip,,n~t,e,os(sharecroppers, mosOy Indians) orc“ntpcsi,tos (co”nlry folk) who barelyparticipate in the counlw’s moneyeconomy to working wi[h the fewEuropea”- or U.S.-[rained university pro-fessors. Far the most part they workin pueblos that, i“ lhe Sierca, havehardly changed since precolonia! timesor that, i“ the coastal reBion, consisl ofconglomerations of cane shacks, Theyalso work i“ [he few cities such as Quito([he co”ntry,s capital, with 250,000 to300,000 inhabitants), Guayaquil (thecounlry,s main poet and largest citywith 400,000 inhabitants), or C“e.ca(a dreamy, provincial capital i“ lbe ●~outh) where the ,,Europca”ized or -Europe..-desce”ded mix wilh the pig-

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tory a degree south of the equator. Volunteers, are work-ing as community-developers in caneshack barrios nearby.

tailed, poncho-clad Indians who livemuch as their ancestors did in the Ihthcentury, before the Spanish conquest.I“ the Sierra the Indians’ Sen= Oftradition and their resistance to changehave occasional benefits for the Volun-

@,. .teer he can make use of the ancientnstltutlon of the minga, dating back to

Inca and pre-fnca times. A mi!tga is acollective community effort. includingwomen a“d ch,ldren, to accomplish sometask such as [he build!ng or repairing ofa road, the fixin@uP of ih: ,Vill?geSquare,’ the tigging of an ,rrlgatlOnditch, or (he preparing of ground fora schoolhouse. This tradition is missingi“ most coastal areas.

Intige.ous Scrape for V,ving

Much of the fertile valley land inthe Sterra is owned by the large ha-cendados, and the indigenous populationscrapes for a living by tilling tiny plots

on the steep mountain slopes to plant..r”, potatoes, or rye. Much of thecoastal agriculture is devoted to bananas(Ecuador is the largest banana eXPOtleti“ the world), coffee, rice, sugar ca.e,and cacao.

The country bas no major industry,and i“vestme”t by foreigners is diffict!lt.

On [he other hand, Ecuador producesfor export some of lbe finest, wOOlenr~,gs, highly artistic wood carvings, in-tricate gold and silver jewelry, and mOst“f the worlds “Panama” hats and fine. .straw products.

Into this setting came the first group

@

of 4 I Volunteers in August, 1962, towork in a rural community-action pro-gram in the northey” Sierra in co-opera.tie. with the U.!ted Nations” Mis;.n

A “dins and in urban community actionin the slums of G“ayaquil. ~ey weresoon followed by a group of 49 ruralcomm””ity-development workem for thesouthern Sierra, where they worked withthe Ce,tIro de Reconve,sidn, The sameyear saw the arrival of 16 secondary.school teachers and of 4 I Volunteers i“a program jointly administered with theHeifer Project Inc., i“ which the Vol-unteers worked with the AgriculturalExtension Service. The Heifer Projectis a world-wide organization that dis-tributes livestock and poultry to ~rea~where agricultural assistance is needed.

The 147 Volunteers of these first fourgroups finished their service i“ June a“dJuly of this year, Te” of them haveextended their terms from several monthsto two years. This leaves Ecuador with173 Vol”nteem who serve in the follow-ing projects:

● Thirty-two in a Heifer Project s“p-pleme”t who provide continuity in im-portant agricultural work,

● Forty -!hree i“ rural communitydevelopmk”t; 29 of them are helping10 construct rural schools in a jointEcuadorian-U.S. Agency for I“ttr”a.tional Deve[opme”t project while at thesame time undertaking community-de.Ve[Opm,. t work.

. Eleven physical-education teacherswho work with various sports federa.lions, schwls, and clubs.

● Nine university teachem who teachat Qt, ito and G“ayaquil, as well as atthe UNESCO school at San Pablo delLago,

. Twentp five who work i“ a projectadministered by CUNA (Credit UnionNntional Assn. ), to help the Federflcj6nIV.cio,tol de Co.opcr”I;.os de A lzorro yCredi{o to improve existing credit co.operatives and set “p new ones.

● Thirty-four urban and rural comm”.nitydevelopment workers who partiallyreplaced the first community-develop-ment Volunteers and partially filled “ewjobs.

. Nineteen secondary teachers, whoarrived (his 1... just when schoolsclosed ““lil September, are working i“an urban community-action project inQuito, where (hey also are taking ad.vanced Spanish and training i“ literacyeducation through the Laubach LiteracyFund,

1. September and October, lhese Vol-unteers will be joined by some 150-180“ew Volunteers currently in training alfive U,S. ins[it,ntions for agric”][ural, CO.operative. tenchi”g, community.action,and physical -cd.calio” jobs here. Thus,this fall will see 320-350 Volunteers i“Ecuador. Eve” though the ratio ofVolunteers to total host-country pop”-Iatio” is already the highest in the world,there is work in the country for twiceas many Volunteers as we will have,

Members of sheep-raising cooperative, one element of the Centro de ReconversionEconomics, Imk on as Volunteer Stephen Gilbreath (Center, Co I.] treats a sheep,

The Cen~ro Brings ChangeDavid Battaglia (Chicago) has workedfor the U.S. Citizens, Committee onNATO and as legislative a;sistant tothe late Sen. Estes Kefa”ve,. He re.ceived a B.S. in economics from GeorgeWashington University i“ 1960, He isworking as an economist with the elan.ning section of the Centro de Recon.versi6n.

BY David Battaglia ,

Ecuador is a poor co””try: its an””alper capita income is $200, comparedwith $400 for Ihe co”tine”t! In thesouthern mo”ntai” ~rovi”ces of Azuavand Cafiar, howeve~, the figure drop;to $100.

Until the middle ,40s, more moneycame into lhese two provinc;s. Some40 per cent of the region,s incomederived from the weaving of, a strawcalled pojo de Ioqt,illa into ‘,Panama,<hats, most of which were sold i“ theUnited States. The” in one year, lg47,because of increased U.S. d~ties andstcong compctitio” from Itaty,’ incomefrom the hats fell 10 one-seventh of Ihntof 1946, and Azuay and Cafiar’ were inserious trouble.

Some of the problems were [h? failureto diversify crops, extreme parceltzationof farm land, soil erosion, inadequateirrigation, ignorance of productive farm.i.g techniques, inadequate commu”ica.tions, insufficient electrical ener6y, thelack of markels for handicrafts and the

8

need of the arca,s artisans to mtiernize*DrOduction and marketine methods. a

high u.employment rate, ;nd a generalatmosphere of depression a“d hopeless.ness.

The reaction to this melancholy sit...tie” was Ihe formation of a relief.oriented organization called the Institutefor the Rtc”peratio” of A“stro. In time,it became clear that what was neededwas not relief but a radical a“d positivere~io”al development, Thus WZ,S borni“ 1959 the Ce,t I,o de Reconve,sid,zEco”o,rlico—the Center for the Eco.nomic Reco”versio” of Az”ay, Cafiar,and Morons-Santiago. Morons.Sn”tiagois a pote”tial[y rich but sparsely po~”-laled and ““exploited tropical area be-yond the caster” range of the Andesfrom the mo.”tain provinces of Az.ayand Ca6ar.

The aims of the Centco are:. A“ agricultural program which i“.

eludes extension work, introd~)ction ofnew crops and Iech”iq”es, reforest a[io”,Iraining i“ the agricultural sciences, vet.erinary service.

. Improvement of ‘>social capital,, re.sources: rends, water systems, irrigation,electrical energy, lending facilities,

. The development of a balanced i..d“slrial program, with the help of taxconcezsio”s from the ce”tcal govern-ment.

. The adoplio” of improved methodsin and the diversification of handicrafts,

. A program of colonization to re-lieve the population pressure on the

- Sierra provinces by encouraging settle-

*ment in Morons-Santiago.

The Centro works with many otheragencies—Ecuadorian, international, andAmerican—including the Peace Corps.

Since 1962, Volt) nteers have beenworking in almost all of the center’sprograms. Engineers are working in itsroad program by helping, for example,to open up hlOrOna-SantiagO, now ac-cessible only by airplane or by mule.The lack of even one road into theprovince has hindered ils developmentand forestalled the colonization Pro-

gram. The Volunteer engineers are alsoplanning and building water systems,setting I,P vehicle-maintenance systems,working with p“hlic utilities, and build-ing bridges.

Othem Work in Small TOWM

Other Volunteers are doing commu-nitydeveloprnent work in small towns.1“ addition to their leachi”g, sanitation,road work and other projects, they ac[as liaison between the Centro and theircommunities, often maintaining plantnurseries and stores where agriculturalsupplies are sold at cost.

Still other Volunteers are workingwith agricultural-extension agents of [heCentro, helping to break the old pal-terns of monocldlure and subsistencefarming.

The development of co-operatives plays., big part ;n the center’s plans, andVolunteers are working with shoemakers,sheep- raisem and credit-union members,while a Vohlnteer specialist in co-owratives recently helped set up acourse for leaders of savings-and.lonnassociations from the area.

Two others, Volunteer handicraftsspecialists, have sent up and are runninga diversified program which includesfinding new applications for old ma-terials and new markets, in Ecuador andelsewhere, for the provinces’ crafts.

After five years, the Centro is agoing concern and can claim progresson all fronts. Southern Ecuador is stillnot tbe promised land, but neither is itthe doomed ‘pocket of poverty” itseemed a few years ago, Typical of itschanged outlook is the receplion enjoyedby lbe General Tire & Rubber Co. whenlast year—in partnership with Ecus.dorian investors—it opened a tire factoryin Cuenca, capital of Azuay provincefind headquarters of the Centro.

The factory, everyone believes, is thesymbol of a prosperous future, and alocal radio station identifies the cily asc,Cuenca—Ful.re Industrial Capital ofthe Cotlntry.” II will be a long time

@ befo: ,,f”ture,” ca” be dropped fromthe slog.., but in the meantime lhereis plenty of work for everyone.

Roadbuildtig, Sip by sip

Dawl Lane, from Yuba City, Cal,, re.ceived a B.A. in English in 1963 fromthe University of San Francisco.

By Dal Lane

A few of (he lolerable difficultiesencountered while road-surveying in tbeAndes would include rain, snakes, land-slides, cold, hunger, and falling from acliff, None of these, however, compareswith the major hazard: drinking.

Drive Knight (Wheaton, Ill.) and 1were laying a rou8h grade.line for aroad coming down into the jungles ofthe Oriente region. We worked fOr amonth in ont of the tiny Sterra com-munities through which the route wouldpass, eating with cof.pesino families andliving in the schoolhouse. Tbe Sierra ofEcuador is a Halloween country: tbewomen are colorful witch-like figures inlong, brighl dresses and straw bals,and the children are perpetual !rick-or-trealers disgt! ised as triangles in tinyponchos. The people take their s.b-sislence from the soil hy hard work, hutthey are also very amiable and hos-pitable and like to have a good timewilh friends. Their manifestation offriendship is that of many of the world’sfrontier people: a shlg of moonshine.

Over a narrow, mt]ddy trail twisting“p from the Oriente and through SanJuan (the fictional name I am giv-ing the community) came contraband

og,,”rdic,rfe, a sugar-cane liquor, whichwas carried o“ mules at night past thelocal guards. Once over [he mountainsand down inlo the weslern Andeanslope, [he liquor could be sold athandsome profits. For generations fami-lies had operated stills and had &comerich and respected through success inthe contraband trade. It had its dangers—prise” and fines awai(ing those apprehended—but (he area was not lack-ing in either co,l!r<,b<d?tdisfns or Ir.go,[he all-purpose name for the liquor anda drink of i,,..

The people of San Juan made certainthat Dave and I shlred their liberalhospitality. We were fed well, andwe drank in”. merable trago$ during alypical day. We drnnk Ir”gos beforebreakhst. Then we drnnk them duringbreakfast, and afterwards. This ac-tivity continued throughout the d;!y, asthoughtful passers-by would stop nndraise :1 cup or IWO wi(h us; everybodyseemed to carry a bottle L,nder hisponcho or in a hidden pocket. Thestrength of pure f,ago is not t,nlikethnt of sulphctric acid, Yc1 it is virtt! allyimpossible to rcftlse a drink. The ex.pression of friendship, as tbe peopleeloquently put il. is contained not ina handshake but in a CUP of Ir.go, Sowe tossed them down, regained ourbreath. dried our eyes, and continktedwith our road lhrot)gh !he hazy, warmglow which proved our friendship.

Volunteers William Heurich (Brooklyn], left, and Robert CareY (WOllaStOn, Mass.),members of school. building project, work on walk for school in Pintag, near Quito.(-———— . .

... .:,. ~[ “: ‘

OIRECCIO!INbClONhlDE lXTINSIOtt ACRICO1&“[IF!R PROJECTIN,.

6, Co,AeoRhclo,,CON,0s C1,D126,“ ,S,”,, 0, ,ONOCOID

It was early one morning, while wewere hacking through jungle-like under.brush to put in stakes, that two con.t,ab.nd;.tm halted o“ the trail abovewhere we were working and called usup for a wuplc of rounds. Their threemules were laden with rubber-linedburlaps full of co”traba”d, a“d a bat.tered tin cup was tied to one of tbemules. Both me” had obviously bee”sampling their cargo, and this explainedtheir bold plan: up ahead two kilometerswas San Juan, and they were going totry to sneak past the guard in broaddaylight. They had come a long wayalready, until now they were staggeringinto each other and the mules like twowell.intentioned but clumsy gangsters inan Abbolt and Costello movie. We hadfour or five toasts with them, spoke ofthe U“iled States a“d Ecuador, cementedsome i“ter”ational. understandings, a“deffected a meeting of cultures, Thenthey went on their way, Neither of us

believed they could make it safelythrough Sa” Juan,

At dinner that eveninE we saw ourIWO friends walk into tow” without theirincriminating animals. They spotted usand came over t~guess what?—sharea trogo, a“d we heard their story, TheIo”g trip had ca”ghl up with them, a“dthey had fallen by the side of the roadand had a long sleep. The mules hadstopwd to grax, and the guard “evercaught a glimpse of them. Now soberand sensible, the men had decided 10await a moonless night to ,r”n theircontraband past San l“n” and over themo”n[ai”s. We all had a“othek drink tocelebrate their good fortune,

Dave and 1 SOO” comptetcd ,O”F workin San J“a”—we think the line is fairlyslraight—a”d went o“ to a“oiher com-munity along the roule. The road won,tbe completed until after our PeaceCorps service is over, but I intend toreturn someday. I have a lot of friends.

culture, the cattle, a“d a thriving lumberindustry disappeared. Eve” the traintracks were torn OU1, Automation and(he fall in oit production displacedmany laborers. Tbe people i“ the districts. ffcred from unemployment, poverty,malnutrition, a“d loss of spirit,

A poultry industry seemed a promis-ing way to begin, The co-op would helpestablish this industry by building i[sown production unit a“d by hetpi”gmembers to build and better their unils.

1“ October, 1963, we held an organi-zation meeting a“d dedicaled ourselvesfull time to this project, By Decembera PrOject outline—which included by.laws, building plans, project descriptionand budgets, and outline of work plans—was presented to the hlinisler of De-velopment i“ Quito and to the PeaceCorps, and [he U.S. Agency for Inter.national Development. We asked forassistance from AID and additional helpfrnm Heifer Project.

‘Make No Little Plans’

. . . . .. .By December, the members were ex.

cited about receiving 500 chicks fromrhe Heifer Project. Tbe municipality ofSanta Elena donated 2Lh acres of landf“r ht,ildi.gs. Later we received wocd

David Ellsworth (Canton, IIl.) attendedWestern Illinois University, where hemajored in agricultural economy. Hiswife, Bi Ilie Jean, also attended WesternIllinois University.

By David Ellswotih

My wife, Billie Jean, and I arrivedin Quito on Oct. 5, 1962, with ihe firstPeace Corps. Heifer Project ~roup ofVolunteers. After a three.week, rough.and. (umble, cross-country lo”r of ngri.cullural.extension agencies and 4-Fclubs, we settled dew” to work i“ theGuayas Province Agric”l[”ral ExtensionAgency in G.ayaquil, Ecuador’s largestcity.

We spent our firsl nine monlhs or-ganizing 4-F (like 4-H) clubs, givingdemonstrations, and starling projects allover Guayas Province. Then we decided10 settle down a“d stop hopping. Wemoved 126 kilometers west to SantaElena, a small town on the coast. 1was looking for so”ething bigger; 1wanted to do a project that would besomething new,

f“ Santa Elena we had found whatevery Volunteer dreams of: o“gsta”dinglocal lenders. Ele”o S“acez and Fran.cisco Reyes were men who had dedicatedlbemselves to their comm. ”ity,

On arrival in Santa Elena we begs”to work i“ earnest wilh these me” ona project which we had 10”8 considered:a Poultry cooperative. Heifer Projecl1“.., an American, nonprofit, assistanceagency, had bee” helping out there with

individual poultry projects, but, a tom.hi”ed cfforl was “ceded.

At o“e time Santa Elena had bee” arich catde, agric”lt”ral, and petroleumregion. Peopte talk of tbe days whengreat herds of cattle and goals wanderedthe hills, when tropical fruils and cropsgrew in ab””dance, when every?ne had~,ork a“d nobody went hungry. Thendue to nature a“d to human carelcss”ess,the productive peninsula turned< info adry and fruitless Ia”d.

Droughl hit lhe people hard! Agri-

that [he Heifer Project would contribute1200 oullets and 1000 cockerels inApril, ““1964,

Then AID told “s that it could “01help, saying thal our plan was too big,that the coop could not possibly swingi!, Knowing that the co-op memberscould “ot without help feed 1200 p“l.lets until laying age a“d 1000 broilers aswell as raise their building, the directorsmade some changes.

Instead of the perma”e”t structures wehad hoped to build, we began a tern.porary bttilding using bamboo. Insteadof raising [he chicks o“ chicken wire,we put them on [he ground, Instead

Boxes of baby chicks import~d from Miami are presented to president ofSanta Elena Poultry Cooperative by Tomis Guerrero (left), Heifer Project-PeaceCorps coastal coordinator, as ~olunteer David El Isworth (far right) looks on,

In Huancavilca. a barrio of Guayaauil,communitydevelopment Voluntee~ Wal.

~ ter Szczepanek (Bayonne, N.J.) stands

●on a rickety walkway connecting thebamboo houses of the tidal. flat tom.munity as he speaks to a resident abouta meeting for parents interested in be.ginning a school for first. grade children.

of accepting 1200 pullets, we acceptedonly 600, reducing ot)r feed budget by$800.

The .membtrs were called “pO” : ,,TheHeifer Project bas co”fide”ce in “s a“dwants to help. This is our chance. Wecannot lose it, We must p“t i“ every.1bin8 we have.’,

Members to the north, where occa.sional rain still falls, sent wood andbamboo. hfembers who were “nem.ployed carpe”tem picked lIp their ham.mers and saws and returned to work,Members dug into their pmkets, givingall they could. They built a bt,ildi”E andbrooders, waterers, and feeders. Leader-ship gaps were closed as members rose10 the challenge. And new membersentered, bringing more capital.

By June lhe PoLIltry Co-operative atSanls Elena had a 75 x 42-foot b“ild-

● !ng, 250 pullets more than five months..

old, 550 pullets. and 950 cockecels twomonths old, land and eqt, ipme”t i“-cluding two brooders donated by Heifera“d one inc”ba [or donaled by a farmerin Mon[ana. In five months its networth h~s risen from $220 to $2000—a real jibmp considering economic con-ditions here, And it has a noal for thefuture.

Meanwhile, i“divid”al members havebeen encot~raged 10 begin or IO enlnrgeand improve their own operations, TheCO.OP’S i“ct,balor hxs bee” p“t nt theirdisposal. The members have receivedtechnical instruction in feeding of andcaring for poultry, The members nowPI.” 10 est;!b!ish a store to sell feed,medicine, and eq.ipme”l.

The prOj.Ct, the problems solved :i”d10 be solved, a“d (he goals which ure“OW a part of every member bring tomind what a Chicago city planner oncerecommended, ‘<Make no lilde plans;they have no magic to stir mcn,s blood,hlake &g plans. Aim high in hopeand work,,’

By the lime YOILread lhis, we willhave completed o“r Peace Corps service.We will be leaving behind great friendsa“d memories. Was o“? work wor[hit? Did we accomplish what we setout to do? Yes, I think SO, for now

e’w!th lhe assista”cc of [be Peace Corpsa“d the Heifer Project Santa Elena hasits PO1dtry Plan,

Breakfast With BomberosJudith ONeill (Playa del Rey, Cal.)

received a B.A. in sociology from theUniversity of California at Los Angelesin 1963. She is working in urban tom.munity development in Guayaquil.

By Judith O,,NeiO

The scene for this drama is”ot, r lhird-story aparlmenl in Cerro Santa A... oneof the oldest sections of Guayaqt, il. Oc!rsottth window overlooks the comm~, nitycenter, where my roommnte M:, rnie[Mnrgarct Elberson of Hempstedd. N .Y.land 1 work 018r view also inch,des :,small park and the fire department justacross the street. A little farlher Iway.[be marina a“d the tallest b“ildi”gs ofthe city are visible.

Early one recent Saturday morningI was wandering sleepily around i“ mynightgown. In (he bedroom, ,Mnrnie wasbeginning to think about getting UP.

The usual morning din seemed un.usually loud, and the usual men’s voicesfrom tbe {ie,tda (shop) below seemedto be 8etting closer and closer, fill theysounded as tho.gb (hey were right in theroom.

1 responded to a knock at the door,and admitted some girl friends from lhe

11

con, mt!ni!y, They didn’t XIY n>(,ch. b,, !seemed quite :>m~bscd abo,,! son>etbing.When 1 gk$nccd octt the w,indow, 1 s;awthe whole neighborhood ga!bcrcd below.looking up at ot, r window. shol!ling andscrcanling. The enlire Ct,crpo de B<>!tt.1,<,.o.v(fire de~,r!mcnt) was sdso there.helmets ;ogging back :J”d forth as [heyL,nrolled coils of hoses ;Snd Iroltcd LIPa“d dew” the :dley. %,ay both with laddersand axes. There were several hoses inL,se ;t.d water cvcrywh.re. blot 1 cOtIldsee “o e,, id. nce of smoke or flames.

,WCII. is there n fire?” I slammercd.No, Kelly (,ny n;ckn:tme ).” !he girlsanswered SW~e[ly. 1 looked OUl tbcu.i.dow again a“d discovered IW,Ofire.men at my O,V” level on the ledge byottr bedroom n,in(!ow. They were busilyclimbi”~ in over Ihe grillwork into IIICbedroom with fire hoses sq,tirting water.

The bedroom! M:lrnie was in hcdthere! i suddenly remembered, :!nd Iwent dashing i“ 10 meet the ho,,?l,er.x.They we,. shooting water on the cOm-m“nity center and on the laughing,shoct[i.g, s.,:lying crowd below. M.rniewas still in bed, clt][ching the covers.and staring u.ide. eyed at the latest ofour growina g,,est list, By this time theapartment was full of children, all

chattering merrily away about the proc-Iic.. The prctcric(t, quite natul ally, hidto be conducted in the gringas’ house

1 began to get alarmed at hqarnie’sreaction—she hadn’[ Lt[rered a sound.At lhat poinl, wi{h children, girl friends,and firemen in [he room, she let out ahenlthy shriek: ‘.[ don’t b.liete this!”hluch relieved, 1 noticed my coflee waterwas boiling, so I politely lapped one ofthe visi[ing firemen on Ihe shoulder (hewas still busily spraying ~,ater o“ theoutdoor scene) and asked him if he’dcare for a CUP of co fTee. He politelyaccepted, and held the fire hose in onehand and a coffee cup i“ the other.Bemused, 1 sat on hlar”ies bed a“dstared a[ !he scene before us, shrugginghelplessly al her constant wailing ,.What’sItoppenittg?-> I was SOO” called to atten.lion—the fircma” had asked if there

<,?!!.”,,,,“Oh, pc,db,,> se fro,,,, and, 1 s[amped

into the kitchen to get it.A few minutes later when our guest

was relieved of his work ,eqt, ipmcnt,Marnie recovered her manners a“d said‘,,\f<tc/,o gt~ffo, ~e,ior. H“slfl fitcgo ?,,

Nolhi”g more encha”tins lhan a se..sitive fireman: he took the ge”de hinta“d answered g<acef idly. ,E1 g,,sl<, ,s,,tio, ,\ff,y bt,c,~os d;c,s,, An~ u,ith a“ill-concealed grin, he bou,ed politely andlef[. I

The most remarkable pa~! OF the

story, hlarnie a“d 1 decided later. wasthat lhou~h (he whole thing was prettyslrange, it u,asn’t rhor different frome.ery weekend mornins in C;rro SantaAria.

‘Specialists — With a Flourish’James Dean (Chicago) attended DeepSprings (Cal.) College and Cornell,where he received a B.S. in agriculturaleconomics in 1962, Stationed at Ma.chala in El Oro Province, Dean has\vorked with credit CO.OPS among ba.nana, coffee, and cacao producers aswell as with fishing and poultry coops,

By James Dean

1“ Ecuador, as i“ many other partsof the warld, exorbitant rates of loaninterest prevail for those who can leastafford them, The average farmer orworking mun has vict”aily no access to

—

.

formal credh i“stitutio”s, and! in limesof serious need or emergency, he m,,stresort to semi.legal, quasi-mordl montyIcnders. Practitioners of this ancient artcommonly collec[ 20 or 30 ;per centmonthly, sometimes more. hfa”y ““sus-pecting persons are forced al (times ofemergency inlo an irreversible creditspiral. Once the debt is contracted, theborrower can scarcely make the i“leresfpayments, let alone repay the capital.

Taking from the U.S. an idea whichcame via Canada from Germu”y a“dEngland, Ecuador is now forming cred,tc~operatives. Credit cooperatives, orcredit unions, as they are cane? in the

U. S., are organized groups of peoplesaving money together and making Ioa”sto one another at low interesl. Creditcoops are lhe basis of o!her [ypes ofco~ps, such as co”sumi”g, marketing,a“d producing co-ops, These latter typesof coops have higher capital nnd ma”-ageriai requirements; therefore il is nec-essary 10 form credit coops initially inorder to mobilize sufficient capitnl a“dmanagerial capacity. Essentially, this isthe course “wn which Ecuador hnschose” to embark with the coll:tborotio”of the Peace Corps, the Credit UnionNational Ass”. of the U.S. (CUNA),and the U.S. Agency for Intcr”ationalDevelopment,

Since lasl January, 25 Volunteers havebeen working all over Ecuador, or-ganizing and counseling cooperatives.CUNA has a contracl with AID to de.velop a co-op program u[ili zing VOl””-teers as field me”. Ecuador<s NationalFederation of Credit Co-ops was es!ab-Iished last year with CUNA lech”icalaid and AID fi”a”cial assistance. Thisfederation is modeled after CUNA,Sprogram i“ the U.S, and is mosl ensilyunderstood as a co-op for co-ops—pro.vialing services to individual coopswhich are more advantageously servedas a group just as a coop serves in.dividuals.

Current plans call for five years ofcontinuing assisla”ce for tbt federation,b“[ at a diminishing rate each year.Afler five years, the Nalio”al Federationof Cooperatives plans’ to be strongenough to continue o“ its OW” resources,Indeed, this is a“ example of one ofthe closest Peace Corps. AID workingrelationships in the world, a“d its s.c-cess or failure will t!ndoubtedly shapefuture undertakings.

The biggest problem facing us onarrival was the poor acco””ting prac-ticed by existing co-ops. The federationeslimated {hat 80 per cent had bad ornonexistent accounting. Accordingly, webegan 10 emphasize accurate bookkeepi.g. This was difficult, for it i. fareasier to do the accounting than to[each it, Now, after six months of work,the federalio” estimates that 95 per centof the CO.OPSof Ecuador have accuraterecords.

f“ addilio” to credit co-ops, Me haveworked wi!h fishing, poultry, a“d artisanCO-Ops. But, since the level of ed”catio”is low in Ecuador, and correspo”di.gly

James Oean, at right, talks with resi.dents of Barrio Letamendi in Guayaq”il,as they plan the formation of a creditunion, Dean,s article describes the “CDoperative mystique>, and the role ofVolunteers in it: “Each one of us isa combination missionary.t,avelli”gsalesman. Organization Man.,, Volunteershave a credit coop for themselves.

low is the level of understanding ofcooperative management, we have em.

- phasized the formation of credil-and-

.CO.OP dev;!opmentsavings co ops as a necessary step in

Indeed, this is one of our real prot.Iems. Many persons know a Ii[de abol.ttCO-OPS and regard them as a magicalsort of ct,re. all. I must admit, too. thatwe ourselves believe in a sort of “co-operative mystique.” But, howe\,er 1,.-idealistic ir may sotlnd, we cannot reallywork very well with people at the Io-festeconomic Ievcl of Ect!ador—those peo-ple who are outside [he money economyand who barter their produce for con-sumer goods, If they ever do havea few sucres, how,e~per, we can lake overfrom there,

Nonetheless, we feel that our workhas merit, One must view the develop-ment process as inlproving every stratumof a society and not jt!s[ the poorest.Oktr federation’s goal is to nrovidecredit .and-savings CO-OPS for the entirepopulace of Ecuador. We are beginningwith the large middle-lower. incomegroup and then expanding, bt,t onlyafter establishing a firm base. As forother types of CO.OPS,all of which havehigher capital and managerial reqttire.ments lhan credit CO-OPS, u,e hope tostart on them af[er a few years ofexperience.

● ✎Bankem, Brewers, Bus Drivem.

Even while working with CO-OPS,though, we deal wilh highly di\,ergentgroups. Jerry hliller (h{adison, WIS. ).a formtr CUNA employee, has a CO.OPorsanized among employees of the FirstNational Bank in Guayaquil as well asone among workers in [he Pilsener Na-tional Brewery, Jon Will (Chicago) isworking with a group of bus driverswho ca” save 3bout a dollar a day.Ken Cole (Los Angeles, Cal.) has or-ganized a group of brickmakers to savea quarter a week wi[h the hope of bt!y-ing lhe land [hey currently rent. PatIlPavlnl (Portland, Ore, ) is working inSanta Domingo with a CO-OP whichhas more than one million sucres andhas started a separate electrification co-op for lhe area. Whatever the flroltp.if it is willing to undertake a CO.OP,We%reready to help,

As is the case with other groups ofVolu”leers, we, too, are different. 1 hab,en~entioned our feeling of the “co-opera.tive mystique,’, bllt that’s just part of it.We are parl of a national movement:co.operativism, Each one of us is acombination missionary .travellinc sales-man-Organization Man. Ot!r group basits OW” newsletter (funnier than TH8VOL”NTECR); we give classes 10 other

*Volunteers on how 10 work wsth CO-OPS;we have even or8a”ized a credit CO-OPamong Ihe Volunteers in Ectlad or. We

Volunteer Edward Whalen (Valley Cottage, NY.), with camera, watches as childrentake turns swinging at candy-filled pifiata during national-holiday celebrationin community west of Quitq Whalen has been teaching primarpgrade pupils there.

Duting a nutrition campaign begun by the hospital ship Hope, berthed at Guayaquilsince last December, Volunteer Kathleen Vitale (Vallejo, Cal.), left, a com’munitpdevelopment worker, watches as Hope doctors feed dolt held by ship’s nurse.

have high morale, and a fine organiza.lion with capable leaders such as BillWanless and Henry Cruz. overszas revrese.ta!ives here for CUNA.

In addition to our CO.OP work. uehave extracurricular jobs, too—but withour own embellishments. Richard LtI-bienski (Detroit) is establishing a NorthAmerican Studies Program al !hc Uni.versify of Quito, Wes Davis (Fort Col -Ii”s, Col. ) coaches a basketball team.,,nd Terry BOII (Tt!cson, Ariz. ) sivesswimming ctasses. B,,t more than this.Nate Miller (Lima, O.) teaches thewomen of !he Salasacas Indians how, 10prepare Kosher food, and Jim Dugr’ fin

13

(westCovina, Cal. ) oKers a b.r(endin~course in Gt,:tranda. We like 10 thinkof ot, r u,ork as Peace Corps specialistsi. co.ops–-b,,t with a flot,rish!

\ve do not think ue are kidding otlr.selves when we SIY [hat CO.OPS willimprove conditions in Eel, ador. We doknow that Freat. st,dden improvementsare diffict!ll for man, beoa,,se he fOrmshimself as mt,ch :,s ol!tside conditionsform him. Thtas progress is slow. Bt,twe stead P.lslly press 0. low:trd co-op.erali~, ism hOpinF to prob,idc theolltsic!e conditions to which the innerman can respond, thus nlaking the noblelife accessible to all men

Peter Gladhart and a young 4.F club member put roofing in position over hutches.Money for construction came from sale of cabbages grown by the 15 students,

,At the bottom of a steep hill is the little town of Mira, where Gladhart! went towork with youth; the town has 3000 inhabitants “and few economic possibil ities.,,

Standing on Wage” gate, Gladhart receives first donations from Heifer, projectfor Mira 4-F cfub: chickens, rabbits, and bees, trucked 110 miles from Quito,

‘iHola, Pedro.

Eduardo Sotomayor is assistant co-ordinator of the Peace Corps. HeiferProject program in Ecuador. He is anative of Quito, and attended theColegio National Mejia there, From1952 to 1961 he worked with the 4.Fand livestock division of the SewicioCo-operativo Interamericano de Agri-cuftura in Ecuador, In 1959 he wasgranted a scholarship by the U.S.Agency for International Developmentand came to the U.S. to study livestockmanagement and the supervision ofrural youth. Before his affiliation withtheHeifer Project in 1963, he was ad.ministrator of a large hacienda inEcuador,

BY Ed.mdo Solomayor

‘.i HOla, Pcdco Hola, Pedrito!,,You hear [his greeting from a rich

hacienda-owner as often as from a vil-lage child when YOLLaccompany PelerGladhart Ihro”gh the tonn of Mira,110 miles north of Quito.

As an Ec.adorian familiar wilh thework of the Vol”ntee,s a“d aware ofthe benefits being received by my co...try because of [heir presence here, Ifeel it my duty to write of a Voh,n(ecrin Ecuador who thro. gb his eRorts haswritlen a page of history in the lifeof Mira.

Peter Gladhart comes from Vcradale,Wash. He received a B.A. From ReedCollege, Portland, Ore., i“ Jt,ne, 1962,and arrived in Ecuador the followingOctober, He was assigned to El AngelCo,,nty, 100 miles from Quito, [o workin the National Agricultural Extensionprogra” under Ibe Heifer Projecl Inc.

Wi[h a good knowledge of Spanish,Pete was able 10 familiarize himself wi[hthe district and its problems. With anagronomist of the Nalional AgriculturalExtension Service as his coworker, hevisited small a“d large farms, givingadvice o“ animal h~!sbandry, disense con.Lro!, use of fertilizers, and the selectionof seeds. Pete soon discovered that mostadults were rel.ctanl to abandon the oldmc!btis, So he, like many a“otber Vol.unteer elsewhere, decided to work withyO,,.g people and through them attemptto in flt!ence the grownups. Pete chosethe town of Mira to work i“.

hfira is a town of 3000 i“hnbit>tntsand few economic possibilities. WhenPete bcga” work there, M ira consistedof little other than a few dirl walls andscattered fields of corn. Surrounded bylarge Iandboldings, (he people of Mirahad no alternatives other than to mi.grate to another town or resign them.selves 10 a life of hardship.

Pcte,s first move was to speak with

bla, Pedrito!’●—

the school teacher about organizing a4-F club among lhe students. Afterseveral meetings with the children, theirteacher, and their parents, a club of 15members wns organized and decided ona collective project that coLdd benefit nolonly the club but also the commu-nity. Th~ts was born a center’ foranimal- and poultry breeding and forvegetable-growing.

Under the guidance of Pete and theagronomist, the chitdren met afterschool to learn preparation of land,cldtivation of vegetables, transplanting,insect control, ond mnrketing. The firstve~etable crop was excellent and 50 percent of the vegetables were sold and theremainder utilized in the CAR E-StIP-por[ed school-hlnch program then ineKect.

With the income from vegetables, theclub bought materials to build pol,ltryand animal shellers. Working wilh greatpatience and persistence, some days wi[hthe boys and other days wi!h (he parents,Jim helped to btlild the firsl rabbithutches, potdlry pens, and animal sheds.

Since !he club did not have money [ob“y livestock, Pete solicited animalsfrom the Heifer Project l.c. Eventually

Q..

from the people of the United Stales tothe people of Ecuador came an air cargoof ptgs, rabbds, sheep, goats, poultry,s“d two beehives. Thus began the Re-vrodttction Center in Mira, To buy feedf“r the animals. the club flot a !02n

@

from the Provincial Bank- for 4000sucres—about $? OO—the first eb,er proc-essed there for a yottth organization. Tos,atcb over the livestock, the children setLIP a rotating guard system.

With (he first rabbit litters, e>lch cl(jbmember received a pair of rabbits tostart a home breeding project. At pres-ent the ch,b and its members sell rabbi[snot only in Mira but in neighboring com-munities. The Heifer Project also granted100 chickens to the club, and thesechickens are now laying z!( a rate profit-able enottgh to repay lhe bank the firslloan quota.

The bee project bas also been S.C.cessf, d. It has grown from two to sixhives. The club members say that honeyis in great demand, and their goal is 10establish a center to sell hives, bees,honey, a“d wax. The club members,now .I, mbering 40, see clearly the ad-vantages of co.operatives, and they haveinteres[ecl Iheir parents The cltlb atone poinl had some failures, bt]t themembers were able to PLdl through. Nowwith prod”ctio. in full force, there is nofe;ir that the chtb cannot pay its obliga.tio”s,

The n,embers surprised Pete one dayby meeting him in uniforn>s with 4-F

,., .

!mblems on Ibeir sbir( s-all bought out~f profits on their own animal projects,

When he isn,t uorking, Pete thinksnosl about mountain-climbing. When hes able to leave Mira, you can find him:Iimbing Cotop? xi, Cayambe, or Chim-borazo in Ecuador or Aconcagua inArgentina, a mol!ntain 22,834 feel high.

Pete felt that he could not abandonhis club activities even thotlgh his tourwas ,IP. For this reason he has re-enrolled for two years.

The fact is that he is so bound iIP

i“ the community that Mirz would prob.ably nol let him leave even if he wantedto. His friends say, “Pete is so accli-mated here [hat he takes a bath as in-freqt,ently as we do.”

Dressed in new club uniforms bearingthe 4.F emblem, members greet Gladhartin town; the uniforms were purchasedfrom profits made by individual mem.hers on their own an~mal projects, Theclub now sells rabbits in neighboringtowns as well as in Mira; chicken andbee projects have also produced piofits.

h happy boy gets a rabbit from the Reproduction Center in Mira; with first litters,each club member received a pair of rabbits to start home breed ineproject.

Obstacles Are Part of Job

Bruce Lueck (San Francisco) attendedStanford University, majoring in in.dustrial engineering. He received aB.S. in 1963.

By Bruce Lueck

When I entered training in the firstPeace Corps. Credit Union project, I hadvisions of spending my time sitting be.hind a desk expertly solvins, wi[h trueYankee Ingenuity, all types of credit-union problems. Even upon arriving inEcuador, along with others of the 26Volu”tecrs in my ~ro.p, I still hadideos of developing the EcuadorianCredil-llnion movemt”t simply by usingtechnicnl knowledge S,S we wotdd athome, the O“IY difference being a changein environment.

I was certni”ly right i“ the latterpoint, as 1 realized when I reached mystation in Cayambe, a ton,” of 4000PersO.s J0,000 feet hi6h and three milesfrom Ihe eq,,ator. B“t “OW wi!h myill”sio”s shattered 1 could get 10 work.The problem appeared simple: to con.vince people [ha!, without .“Y prior ideaof thrift a“d with :) na[”ral distr~,st ofothcm ha”dli”g their money, they shouldtlnite [o fern, a credit ,L.ion, a“ orga”i.znlio” in which they cot,ld save a“dborrow together,

With this goal in mind I start a typicalday’s work. Arising early, I catch a ridein the milk tr,,ck to Tabac~, nolo, sixnliles distant. (1 have previously dis-

covered that riding a bicycle for sixmiles uphill at 10,000 feel is not some-thing to be done (wice. )

Upon arriving, armed with ‘my faith-FLd adding machine, I set OU1 to findthe priest who founded tht local creditltnion. 1 am Iold lhat he is i“ Ihe churchsteeple repairing the clock, so I start thepcrilo.,.Iimbwith a grcaterl ~ppr~~i~-tion of the physical trai”i”g we ceceivedin Puerto Rico. The priest tells me!hal everything is going well;! yes, theeducation committee will be functio”i”g(that is, as soon as the boaid of di.rectors names the members); yes, 1can meet with the s“pervisoryl commit.tee next week (if the memk<s are .0in tow”). Filled with his assurance thatmy Iahors have “ot bee” in vain 1relur” to earth to look at the creditunion’s books. Today Ihe bookkeepingis only two weeks i“ arrears; this strikesme as a definite improvement. I

I then set o“t for La E$peranza,three miles Farlhcr. After wal,king thelast mile uphill, I arrive in time tolunch wilh the priest. Here I ~m giati.fied to hear that in the last week [hecredit union increased its sa~ings by2000 sucres, or abot,t S100 , U.S., alot of money for Ihe farmers to savei“ this poor commt, ”ity. But rny lhis-is.loo-good.to. be.true st,spic ion is co..firmccl when 1 learn that 1500 sucresof this amot!”t was deposited by thepriest himself.

It is “OW late i“ the day .“d .1 have

Volunteer David Walton (Cherry Hills, —N,J,) works with ho members ofthe Community Center of Ximena inGuayaquil, as they finish an ovendesigned by Volunteer Mike Conniff(San Jose, Cal.), who has completedhis semice, The ovens have beenused in home-economics classes andare also marketed commercially. Wal.ton, who arrived in Ecuador lastMarch, is a 1963 biology graduateof Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa,

to hire a truck to get back to Cayarnbein time for a directors’ meeting, Bt,ton the road we have to stop for a beerIruck whose back wheels have slippedinto a ditch. We all pitch in and soonhave the truck back on the road, onlyto find that the driver will not let uspass until we drank a botlle of hisbeer i. Ihanks for our efforls.

●1 finally reach Cayambe half an hour

late, only to find myself tbe first personat the meeting, 1“ another half-hourenough members arrive to decide topostpone the session because the presi-dent is absent.

By now it is time for the generalmeeting of the credit union. But theeducation committee forgol to preparea discussion topic, so i“ my haltingSpanish 1 attempt (o instruct the mem-bers in the advantages of regular saving.Finally the meeting is over, snd o“e ofthe members comes “p to talk, He isan old man, wearing worn clothes. Hebas just borrowed some money fromthe credil ““ion to start a small familybusiness in candlemaking, There is agleam i“ his eye as he thanks me forthe help I have give” the organization.He goes on to say that for the firstlime in his life he has a“ opporl””ity10 make a Iivi”g ~nd st, pport his familyon his OW”, (hn”ks to the credit union,

As I walk home that evening Irealize [hat i“ spi[e of (he trials ofa day,s work, i“ my small way 1 amhelping lhe credit. union movement grow,and i“ doing so I am helping the mem -&rs reach a higher standard of livi”z,

It took me ~ while to realize th~tthe daily obstacles are part of the job, ●and witho~o them my work would h -.,neither intcresti”g nor s“ccessf”l,

16

The Consejo Comes

Gil Hall (Bartlesville, Okla.). attendedOklahoma State University for Woyears, then took his B.A. in politicalscience at the University of Kansas in1963,

BY Gil Hall

1 had been for about two weeks inGualacco, a peaceftd little town ofabout 2500, and had met with nothingbul problems. My objective was to helpin bt]ilding a new school, and I im.mediately met a formidable stumblingblock. An Ect!adorian government agencyworking in co-o~ ration with Ihe U.S.Agency for International Developmenthad agreed to give money and o!her;tid to build the school, but first thetown had 10 ft,rnish a stjil able site. Andwe had no site.

Some tcachcrs had repeatedly failedto induce anyone to dow.te land. Theco,tsejo (a sort of Ecttadoria” towncouncil ) had r!ssl,red the teachers thati[ had no money [o buy land. 1 t~lkedwith the c“,tsejo members several limesand got the same story But I had [heFeeling from the public projects 1 could

kound

expansion, beautificationof the plaza, road work, and redecorat-ing of the municipal office-[ bat themunicipality was not so povertyslrickenas we had been led to believe. I wassure that the co?!sejo wanted a schoolbut was refusing us the money becauseits members believed we could get itelsewhere.

One day, after another fruitless talkwilh [he president of the co!t$ejo, 1wandered into the bus office. The man-ager was a good friend and could, 1thought, 8ive me some advice. He sug-gested (hat 1 come to the office atnight and talk to the people who droppedin 10 visit.

So that evening and several eveningsafterwards I spent at his office.

With the manager helping me, 1 SUC.ceeded in turning [he conversation witheach .isilor 10 Ihe problem of tbe school.I stressed that 1 had come to Gualnceo10 build a school but it was apparentthat no one really wanted a new school.MY story won the sympathy 1 sought.Tbroughot,t lhe following week [hepeople with whom I had talked visited

Ihe co,rsejo. Some citizens begged forhelp, some forcefully asked for help,and some demanded bclp in (ones bor-dering on the threatening. Eventually(he pressure became too great and theco,Iseio anreed to see if it couldn’t finda “sllilable site for a reasonable price.”Within a week we bad a site, and withintwo weeks the co!!scio PLI[ 0111 $600for it.

This experience points up severalcharac!cristics of cOmmllnily-dcvelOp-mc.t work. 11 shows Iha! a Volunteeroperating alone can seldom do any-Ihing, but wilh enough people support-ing him he can do a good deal. 11demonstrates that what the Volunteercannot do directly he may very wellbe able 10 do indirectly. by moliva(ingthe ptople and suggesting action. Itdemons[ratcs Ihc importance of havingas many friends as possible u,ithin [hecommunity and enlisting them in yoltrprojects.

I also Iear”ed thot, in Gualaceo iItleast, people are busy during the dayand do their visiting at night, Takingpart in the bull sessions which go onvirtc, ally every night gave me an ex-cellent opporlt, nity to becon,c wellacquainted and talk over n>y ideaswilh people. I found thnt that was J.e~ective way to get a star[ in cOln-munity development.

On another school project (be.low, left) Volunteer Btian Shaf-fer (Nowalk, O.) works withEcuadorian In town of Cuchil.

Gerry Miller (left), a Volunteerfrom Madison, Wis,, whb hassince completed his service inEcuador, works on roof beams.

Gil Hall (below] shares a benchwith two school teachers, mem-bers of the School.construe.tion committee in Gualaceo.

Working with ‘Los Bravos’

Nathan Miller (Lima, 0,) in 1962 wasawarded a law degree from Ohio North-ern University. Before joining thePeace Corps he was a bai Iiff and pro-bation officer. Like Miller, WctoriaWeller and Pat Kohn work with theSalasacas Indians. Victotia attendedSan Oiego (Cal.) State College, andPat (Salem, Mass.) was enrolled atOean Junior College, Franklin, Mass,

By A’afhan Rfiller

Halfway between Ambato and Pe.Iiieo, on the road to Bafios, hills a“drocky slopes of volcanic ash a“d desert-Iike vegetation fill the Ia”dscape. hlo””-lain winds, whipping dew” from snow-capped, volcanic Chimborazo and T“n.gllrahua whistle through a mu!!i(”de oftall e,,calypt”s trees [o cool, rich, green-clad valleys. More than a Iho”sandfeet below the road wind snake-fikerivulets that lead into the Oriente andevenutally flow into the Pastaza Riverand then the Amazon River.

Here, cen[~,ries ago, when the Incasruled their vasl empire stretching fromChile northward to Colombia, [hey re.located a rebellions Bolivian tribe calledthe Salasacas, Later, the Ecuadoria”Government granted the Salasacas thesmall, rugged piece of Ia”d where theynow live.

To [he Salasacas, tt.e blo”c-w,hiteman—has been a cons[ ant enemy, whodeals with them through greed. 1. bishook, The Naked A ,6COS, Rolf Blom.berg says [he SaIasacas are people withwhom tbe while ma” has yet to estab.Iish normal relations. The Salasacasearned their nickname Los Bra.os—tbeHostile Ones—in the early 1920s when

the government was constricting. theAmbalo.Bafios road. After capturingseveral engi”ccrs in . bloody conflict,(hey bo””d their captives and held themprisoner for several days wit,hou[ foodor water. The engineers were finallyreleased and returned 10 civil iza[i o”,convinced that the while man was notwelcome i“ Salasaca territory. Littleby little, time has healed the wo”.ds,Three or four years ago, a’ few Sa.lasaca men enrolled i. artisan CO”ECS.They learned how to weave ‘tapestries,Allhough at first they wove designsprovided them by outside technicians,the Salasacas “OW weave designs thatare representative of their own c“lt”reand creativity. Over lhe past few yeanthey have al[ai”ed a highly professionalskill. Through their tapestries (hey haveevolved a new art fore, a mca”s ofcommunicating their unique, culturalvalues.

But [he problem the Salasacas nowhave is a practical O“C: how 1? markettheir tapestries? Ecuodor itself is richin WOVC” materials. The Sala~acas arecut off from pote”tiat markets by isola-tion and a deep-seated desire not tohave a“ytbi”g to do with bla)tcos.

Two years ago, a tall, blonde PeaceCorps Volunteer with a gentle mannerand a friendly smile gained the co”fi.dence of a few Salasacas. Her, name isPatricia Koh”; 10 [he devoted friendsshe left behind i“ Salasaca she is re.membered as Se fiorita Patt/. Patti,though i“\,ol.ed with commu”i[y-devel-opment work i“ Guaranda, 40 milessouthwest of the India” settlement, ma”.aged 10 find lime to help the Salasacasmarket their tapestries, She made b“si-

ness contacts for them in Quito andGuayaq. il. She arranged exhibitions inprivate houses and in public culturaland artistic centers, 1. a small butsignificant way, she brought !O theSalasacas economic relief and a feel-ing of achievement.

Before Patti Itft EcLtador to rettlr”to lhe Slates, she introdu~ced me toher friends i“ Salasaca. At that lit”eI was u,orkir,g to eitablish credit tlnionsaround G.ara.da and started wherePa[Ii had left off, o“ a part. time basis,[o help the Salasacas find markets. [was able to gain their trust and con-fidence, and they asked me to s~”dmore time with them. Al [heir re-quest, 1 conducted classes i“ the organi-zation of cooperatives, explaining tothem how they could increase ear.i”gsby working together as a unit. I em.phasized quality and invited in a PeaceCorps weavtr to help them to improvelheir tech”iq”es. As qt,alily rose, theSalasacas were able to raise tht pricesof their work,

The potential is great among theSalasacas for the mant]fact.re of tap.estrics and other woven products, Theyhave more than 3,000 looms, but theSalasacas need more lime to breakthrough the cult”cal barrier that dividesthem from the economic mainstreamof fhtir country. What Salasacns n>ostneed is confidence and trust to replacethe antagonisms of the past,

A few months ago, Volunteer Vic-toria Weller started workin8 with meon the pcoblem of markels. She set aboutexploring ~,”tried possibilities. ftece”tlyshe a“d some Satasaca” friends solda great many tapestries aboard the shipHo,>e, the” stationed al G“ayaq,til.Vicki took a group of Salasacas toexhibh their tapestries al the RiobombaFair. The exhibit won 500 sucres (S2SU. S.) for [he Salasacas. Vicki has been

Two examples of Salasacas tapestries. Volunteers Pat Kohn (Salem, Mass.)and Vicki Weller (San Diego) have been working with once. hosti Ie people,

extremely successful in making friendswith the Salosacas and in coaxing them

- ollt of (heir cultural shell. Recently,

othe normally relicent Indians invitedher 10 come and five among them asa community development worker. Thisis probably the first instance of a blonco’sbeing so honored.

Vicki hopes to help them obtain sotneof the necessities they have sufferedwithout for so long. There is “o watersource, electricity, street pavement, facil.ity, or school in the Salasaca Commt!nity.

The Salasacas stand ready, not totake without giving, but to work, toearn, and 10 satisfy their own self-respectlike free people everywhere. Althoughthe Salasacas have suffered for cen-tltries, they have suffered quietly. Theystill bend their heads with humility,bl!t their backs are straight, and theystand protld. Though they remain hos-tile, suspicious, and distantly servile 10mosl outsiders, they have shown to afew thal they c8” open their hearls.In so doing, they have shown n newwillingness [o join the outside world.

Here are “LOS Caimanes” (The Alligators)+ novice swimming-team in Guayaquilcoached by Volunteer Judy Mucha (far right, back row) of Portland, Ore. Wearinga sash proclaiming her Queen of Novice Swimming is Volunteer Carmen Ada Guzman(Mayaguez, P.R.), who teaches sewing. Team girls won local novice championship.

He Makes Points Wrestling

●Martin Richwine (Richmond, Vs.) at-tended Wake Forest IN.C.) College,where in June, 19N, he received aB.S. in physical education.

By Martin Rlchwine

Flying from Camp Crozier, the PeaceCorps [raining camp in P~)erto Rico, toEcc,ador at the beginning of my serviceas a Vol. n[eer, 1 was riding on a cloud,figuratively as well as Iilerally. JimPines, Associate Peace Corps Repre.se.tative in Ecuador accompanied uson the flight and informed me 1 was tobe stationed in Quito, assigned to thePichincha Sports Federation as coachof the provincial wrestling team.

‘Just [hink of it; I kept repeating to

myself, “only four months out of collegeand a head coach—and of a state teamat that, J don’t know if I c.” sland it!”

1 was s[ill dreaming of lesson plansand coming matches when we arrivedin Guayaquil for in.co.ntry orientation.Guayaq. il has the wealthiest of thesports federations in Ecuador, a“d .s..ally the best athletes and teams comefrom the are.. We were soon meetingwilh sports officials, discussing athleticsin general and our coaching assignmentsi“ particular. Because Ec.adoria. andinternational rules are diKerent fromlhose used in the U. S., and because 1needed a clear understanding of thembefore 1 started coaching in Qt, ilo, ar-rangements were made for me to meetwith two officials of [he Guayas Wres-

tling Federation 10 discuss these differ-ences. Had 1 known at the time whalwas meant by ,.disc ussing the rules.” Iprobably wo~![dn-t have accepted theirhospitality so readily.

On arriving at the @ym and changing,I found tha[ the younger of [he twomen wasn’1 going to be content just totalk shop. He wanted to wrestle. I wasopposed to such a plan. In the firstplace, I was scared stiff. What if thisguy should spend the afternoon grindingmy nose into the mal or worse yet,what if hc should show me the lights?Whal an inglorious way to begin acoaching career. It had bee. a yearsince 1 had done any wrestling, and Iwas a fat 152 pounds, 15 over my figbl-ing weighl. MY adversary, although threeinches shorter than 1, outweighed meby some 25 pounds, was built like atank, and had won a gold medal forEcuador in the Pan American Games.Tbe gold medal aside, 1 could see nof.t”re in lying up wi(h a tank. As itturned out, fortunately for my sake, hewas i“ worse shape than I and the matchended i“ a draw, each of us committingabout as many errors as the other.

To my relief and surprise he seemedsatisfied with my ability and spent (herest of tbe aflernoon assuring me lhatlb. wrestlers in Qt,ito weren’t nearly sogood .s those in G.ay.quil (Quito is[he political and sports archrival ofGuayaq.ii), that I wouldn’t like coacb-i.g in Quito, a“d that if 1 were smart1 would ask for a transfer righl away

well, 1 went to Quito. Coaching herehas been much like that firsl meetingin Guayaquil—more like being a teamcaptain Iban a coach. As do manycoaches, I like to supervise the exercisesbefore practice. But here I am expected10 participate in them as well as leadthem. If everyone is to do 30 push.ups,I have to do 30 push-ups, too. If theteam is to run for 20 minutes beforepractice, 1 have to run, too. Sit-ups.pull-ups, jumprope, bridges—it makesno difference; if they are to be done,everyone bas to do them. The idea alQuito is that if the coach won”t do it,it isn’t really worth doing.

I may not be the best coach around,but it is a safe bet I am in beltercondition than most.

Along this same line of thought, 1 atnexpected to wrestle for at least 10 min..Ies each practice session, just like every-one else on the team. A new hold orseries I teach is not accepted as validuntil I personally show under malchco”ditibns lhat il will work. This is noteasy when the other guy is much largerthan I and knows ahead of time whatI plan to do. Many a tried and provedseries has been dismissed because 1couldn,t q.ile make it work, or myOppOnenl was just too big to move,

Obviously, all this hasn’t been quitewhat 1 expected when I !vas still on lhalplane coming from Puerto Rico. Prac-tice sessions are unorthodox, to say theleast, and becattse of my inexperienceand Ecuadorian customs I ha\,e brokenjust about every rule in coaching theory.

The national tournament is scheduledfor this October, so we will SOO” knowhow bad or good we really are. Frankly,il is comforting to know lbat with onlythree teams entered we can hardly doworse [ha” lbird place,

Jim Cook, examines a trayof germinating seeds,after successful development of a germinationtray. Seeds ale put intray, covered with smal Iamount of water, and apane of glass. Betterthan 90 per ‘ cent ofseeds germinate in tray.

duce $500 worth of lumber each yearon a sustained yield. The consejo alsow.”ls Jim to beautify the town’s streetswith trees.

Jim’s work has not .0 been smoothgoing. The coftsejo and the church askedJim 10 help in beautifying two grave-yards. Jim helped to plant the trees, butthe persons responsible for w:ttering thetrees fell down on !he job ond three-quarters of lhe trees died.

The fores!ry potential of lb. Pifias dis.trict is unknown, Part of Jim’s \vork in-cludes surveying the area for marketable

Jim Cook Comes to Pitias

timber. Initial studies i“dica!e a tre.mendous economic reset, rce for bothPifias and the Province of El Ore.

Thomas Trail is the chief representa-tive in Ecuador of the Heifer ProjectInc. for the Peace Corps. Heifer Projectprogram, He is a native of Moscow, Ida.,and was reared on his family’s farmthere. He attended the University ofIdaho and in 1958 received a B.S.in animal husbandry. In 1960 he wonan M.A. in adult education from theUniversity of MaVland, and then hecompleted two years toward a doc-torate in education at Montana StateCollege. He was an International FarmYouth Exchange delegate in 1956, Iiv.ing with farm families in India andNepal; he has also lived in Mexicowhile studying technic al.ass istancetraining under a Carnegie Fellowship.He has worked as a radio farm.newsbroadcaster and as an agricultural.extension agent. In the summer of1962 he was assistant coordinator ofPeace Corpsl Ecuador Project trainingat Montana State College. He is mar-ried and has a two.y ear-old daughter.

By Tom Trail

Whc” Jim Cook arrived in Pi6as. asmall farming center in Ihe Province ofEl Ore, he n,as a much frustrated Vol-,,”tcer, Jim, whose home is in Azusa,Cal., and who is a graduate Foreslerfrom Oregon S1ate College, had beenwaiting for his assignment for twomo”tbs. Finally, after a comedy oferrors—mainly a mixt, p in communica-tions and travel plans—Jim went toPifias,

Jim’s assignment was 10 work inreforestation. The firsl job was to es-t:iblish a forestry nursery. Jim fOLlndtbe co,,sejo (town council) eager andwilling to help out, 11 donated twoacres of land for the nursery; (WO ia-borers u,ere assigned 10 help him. Thehli”istry of Public Works and theHeifer Project donated seeds. Technicalservices were provided by Enriqtje Lore.beida, forestry chief of !he province.With these resources, Jim developed oneacre of the nursery within three months.

The nursery now bas a c~pacily of100,000 seedlings: eucalyptus. fiine, ama-rillo, guava. and acacia. Farmers canbuy seedlings for one cent apiece.

Tbe to-n of Pifias is already makingeffor[s 10 plant tbe seedlings {over thelocal uatershed. Tbe watershed, bas beencommt, na[ grazing ground, and the waterS,)PPIY has Iht,s been dirty and con.tami”ated. Tbe co,>~ejo bas 1 recentlymoved 10 confiscate land in ord~r to pro-tec[ the *atersbed and is acting to plant50,000 trees to stop erosion. ! Jim, incharge of !bis project, bas ma,pped thearea and has sl!bm itted a 10:year de.\,,lop”,e”[ pt.”.

The forestry ntlrsery has ~imulatedinterest in reforestation and timber utili-zation. By enlarging the nurseiy to ac-commodate 400,000 seedlings, ~be townof Pifiis can net $?0,000 a year from thesale of the seedlings.

Pifias has also let Jim pl~nt 1000zm~rillo trees on two acres of city land.Wthi” 10 years this land should pro-

Jim has also found lime to participatein community activities, He works w,ith[be local Extension Service and has ahand in tno 4.F clubs. Twentpfivc cll,bmembers ha\,e planted gardens ~Lndcr thesupervision of Jim and his co-s, ocker.With tbe help of the Heifer Project, Jimhas helped !he nlembers of the chlbs tostart goose. chicken, and sn, ine projects.

Remodclling his q“arlcrz h~s Callghl[be imagination of Ibe Iocxl commt, nity.Using local materials. Jim has complete-ly done over his fo,, r rooms in a largeIwo.story hollse. He is slill bt!ilding f.r-“it,,re and completing his kitchen.

Coachin~ a local basketball team,drawing plans for ZIbridge, and develop.ing new techniques for ulilizing wastematerials as feed keep bin> bl,sy.

Altbot)gh these Olllside activities arcimportant, !he reforestation work holdsthe greatest promise for (he district. Thel,lti mate impact of reforestation work inPifias may be impossible to prcdic!, btoat Ieas[ tbe efiort lbere may be importantin F,tlfilling a need in Ect, ador’s economicprogress.

With two local carpenters wh~ assisted him, Cook looks over iron point of “ewdouble. tipped plow’ he helped develop; at lower left is old plow with wooden tip.

Street BOYS Find Help*.. -eorge Stanton (Los Angeles) was

granted h[s B.A. !n 1963 from LakeForest (1Il.) College in psychology.

BY GrnWe Stanton

In Guayaquil, as in most Latin Ameri.can cilies, herds of young boys workin the street, shining shoes, selling cik:irelles, lottery tickets, and newspapers;chasing each o{her through sidewalkcafes, playing soccer with orange peels,and sitting in chattering groups. DOLlgReid, a Volt,”tcer from Sa” Diego, C. I,,and 1 began a project last April dealingwi(h these street boys. Several Ec(ta-dorians work wi!h us, and a local com-mittee supports us financially.

We obtained spnce in a building in themiddle of a downtown market. Whilethe space is being remodeled, the boysare learning carpentry by making ml!chof the furnitt!re needed for [heir center.We also o~er sports and movies, wilhoccasion.1 trips and special even[s.Throt,gh these activities the boys aredeveloping a strong group feeling onwhich we hope 10 b,!i!d a successf,alclub,

We plan to s[art athletic teams,manua[. arts training, lunch programs,~avnngs programs, and so for[h. The~:ssenttal part of our program, though.

!s to create a positive and gt)iding i“-fluence on the boys’ fl!lt~ces. As itstands now, [hey lack any ,t”derstandingof themselves as htlma” beings of actuala“d potential worth, We hope that thiscenter can be a star[ i“ giving them achance 10 improve their lot in, life.

They are a fi>scina!ing group to workwith, remi”di”g IIS of a band of rsggcdelves. They all have e“cha”ti”g smilesand their great amot, nt of spirit makesthem willing to try a“y new activity.

Bernard Stock (Batesville, Ind,) was ajunior. high. school mathematics instruc-tor and athletic coach before joiningthe Peace Corps. Majoring in chemist~and mathematics, he received a B.S.from Indiana State College in 1961,

By Bernati Stock

The land of volcanos is also a landof illiterates. Ecuadorians who can“either read nor write number closeto half of the pop”lalion of 41A million,

In Quito, the capital, lhis fact is notso evident. Schools, both public andprivate, are improving. But in (hecenter of lown, where business thrivesmany a young mind dies. It is there

@

lhat many boys start, al the age ofseven or so, o. a road that leads no-where. A Lwo.ct”t shoeshine may keepfoti i“ their stomachs hut does “othi.s

—

to build their fl,ture.What does a shoeshine boy have to

look forn,ard to in life? A year or soago, he had \,ery Iitde. Now, becnuseof a Bri[ish foreign-service officialhelped by olher interested persons andseveral Peace Corps Volunteers, [heCe,ZIro dcl MIICII”CIIOTr<zbf$j<!dorhasbeen formed and nos. cnlightc”s theft,ture for those boys nho lake nd-vantage of this new interest in Ihem.

From oti the streef come the shredsof you!h. They get a haircut. shower.shoes. and finally the Centro’s b!,,e ttni-fern,. There a boy Icaves his ne~ ho!lle-an,.y.from. home 10 start Z, dny’s worki“ the plaza. Al noon, when ~,ork is

slow, he joins his new friends. i.-blue fora game of soccer at x nearby plnyground. Then a[ 3 p.m., there areclasses in Spanish utilizing the La,tbitchLiteracy melhod—’’ Each One Tc;)cbOne” is !he motto. To top off the

afternoon, he sits down [o a glass ofCARE milk and n,atches n movie Pro-videcl by one of the embassies. Hefinds there is an interesting uorld ot!t.side his own and the Centro enco,, rngeshim to t,ndersta”d it betler.

A happy ending? No, jt,st a beginning.There are hundreds of boys who slillneed [o discover Ihe Centro and httn-dreds of donors who still need to con-tribilte. But news spreads fast. Each daybrings 1,s new raw nlalerial fron> whichlbt Ceniro hopes to mold ,Iseft!l citizensfor tomorrow’s Ecl,ador.

Volunteer George Stanton works with street boys as they make benches for usein future meeting hall, being remodeled from space in Guayaquil marketplace.

Selections From Monthly Bulletin

Career Information

Opportunities for returning Volunteersare listed in a monthly bulletin preparedby the Peace Corps Volunteer CareerInformation Service and sent regularlyto Volunteers. Volunteers in theic lastyear of service have been asked 10 sendin registration cards (available fromRepresentatives) in order to receive in.divtiual assistance. Inq~,irics should beaddressed to the Peace Corps VolunteerCareer Information Service, Room 601,1815 H St,, NW., Washington, D. C.20006. Following is a selection fromthe mosl rcce”t bulletin:

Teaching

Education

“~m (orn bet)pee!? go;nR it7to h;gh !negoton,overkill, inte~continetrtal ball;s(;c missi/es,

or I fhe Peace Corps.”o

Where Are They From?P. C. Rank (PoP. Rank] State lrainins 0Yers8as ComplOtti Total

1 (1) California 565 861 254 16802 [2) New York 477 642 193 1312

3 (4) Illinois 250 325 130 7054 (3) Pennsylvania 211 299 112 622

5 (5) Ohio 195 286 71 5526 (9) Massachusetts 182 283 74 539

7 (7) Michi~an 192 268 64 5248 (8) New Jersey 151 222 68 441

9 (15) tisconsin 129 211 44 38410 (18) Minnesota 120 205 63 388

11 (23) Wasfdngton 103 188 38 32912 (6I Texas 120 164 59 343

13 (10) Flotida 69 144 34 24714 [25) Connecticut 103 142 33 27815 t24) Iowa 77 124 42 243

16 (331 Oregon 95 116 26 23717 (13) Missouti 68 114 41 22318 (34) Colorado 59 113 38 210

19 [14) Virginia 33 104 21 158

20 {111 Indiana 91 100 31 222

21 (21) Maryland 84 92 27 203

22 (12) North Carolina 42 78 27 147

23 (29) Kansas 52 75 29 156

24 (16) Georgia 20 55 19 94

25 (28) Oklahoma 31 54 24 109

26 (171 Tennessee 40 52 18 110

27 (36) Arizona 38 47 12 97

27 (35) Nebraska 41 47 22 I 10

29 (41) Oist. of Columbia 17 45 12 74

29 [37) Maine 30 45 6 81

31 (19) Alabama 26 41 9 76

31 (431 Montana 20 41 8 69

33 (22) Kentucky 35 39 17 91

33 [38) New Mexico 10 39 9 58

35 (32) Arkansas 23 38 11 72

36 (471 New Hampshire 17 37 15 69

37 (401 Rhode Island 23 36 8 67

38 (20) Louisiana 15 30 13 58

38 (391 Utah 20 30 7 57

40 (44) Idaho 15 28 6 49

41 (42) South Oakota 13 27 9 49

42 (49) Vermont 17 26 4 47

43 (46) North O@ota 10 22 18 50

43 {31) West Virginia 14 22 7 43

45 (27) Puerto Rico — 19 14 33

46 (261 South Carolina 16 18 9 4347 (451 Hawaii 14 17 7 3847 (30) Mississippi 6 17 4 2749 (50) Wyoming 12 13 6 3150 (52) Alaska 6 8 2 1650 [48) Oelaware 10 8 9 2752 (51) Nevada 7 3 4 1453 (551 Virgin Islands — 2– 254 (531 Guam — l– 155 (54) Canal Zone 1 — — 1

GrandTotals 4X5 6063 =8 11,906

Peace Corps ranking Iisured on basis of Volunteers overseasfigures as of June 30, 19M

23

Leslie Gile (Rochester, NH.], who has recently completed his semice as aVolunteer in Nepal, talks with a family in Pokhara, where he worked with poultryon a government experimental farm. Gi Ie was a member of the first Peace Corpsgroup to Nepal in September, 1962; he attended the University of New Hampshire.

IBack Home, Volunteers Tell the S(ory I

Relurned Volunteers are playing amajor role in telling the American pub-lic about the Peace Corps and itsoperations.

The Community Relations Section re.ports (bat Peace Corps alumni makeabout half the 2000 speeches deliveredeach month before a.die”ces in co”m”.nilies a“d o. campuses across tbecountry. Some former Volunteers speaka dozen or more times a month, Com-munity Relations reports.

Other speakers are interested citizens,oflen Volunteers” parents or friends work-ing through Peace Corps Service Organi-zations and Councils or through otherchannels approved by [he Peace Corps.

All of rhese speakers< itizens a“dformer Volunteem alike—donate theirservices,

The Community Rela8io”s Section re.ports receiving httndreds of requests eachweek for people—preferably returnedVolunteers—to speak about the PeaceCorps. The requests come from radioand TV s[atio”s, cb. rch groups, serviceclubs, chapters of the Leng’,Ie of wo”?e”Voters. World Aflairs Cot~”cil, America”Ass.. of University Women, and similarorganizations; a“d from pcofessio”al

Orzani: adons of leachers, ““?ses, dentalby8ten,sts, and the like.

Miny requests are l“rned back toPeace Corps Service Organi~lio”s a“dCouncils which coordinate speeches ofret”r”ed Volunteers in most lurge ci[ies.Others are handled directly t~ro.gh thePeace Corps,

Returned Volunteers who want tomake their services available as PeaceCorps speakers sbo”ld write S~lly Wells,Room 706, Peace Corps, Washington,D. C, 20525.

Senior-Year Program(Co”li,t,,cd /ro,,I pc,je {)

the practical facts of teach~ng in aFrench secondary-school system.

They a“d [he rest of the training staff,which includes Africans. :ire breakinga“ay fro”, the ]eclurc forma~ 10 Se”l-

i“am, half of which are devoted to cr’oss.c“llural rclacia”ships and half to [he.nderstandi”g of French.i”fl”enced WeztAfrican c~Il[(,re.

The former Voh, nteers ~]SO x,, con-

ducing slide lectures to ill.sx rate #heirexperic”ces i“ African Comm,, nities.

.— —_________________.—— ———————————_____CHANGE OF AODRESS \

PEACE CORPS\WASHINGTON, D,C. 20525

NameOFFICIAL BUSINESSi

IAddress

City, State, Zp Code

Effective dateI

Volunteer WinsFirst Prize in a

Malay ContestA Peace Corps Vo!”nteer i“ Malaysia

has won first prize in a national.languageelocution contest for on-Malay women.

Barbara G“ss, from Los Angeles, re-ceived a silver c“p a“d a scroll for herperformance i“ [he Ki”ta District finals,held last mo”tb i“ Batu Gajah, “ear tbewesl-central cily of Ipoh o“ the MalayPeninsula. She teaches ma[hemalics i“the upper forms (eq”ivalenl to U.Ssenior high school) of the Sekolah Tu.ank” Abdul Rahman i“ Ipoh, a“d liveswith a Malaya” family there,

The CO”ICS1was rhe first of its kindsince tbe formation of the Federation ofMalaysia in Seplember, 1963, whichunited Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, andSarawak,

Miss G“ss went 10 Malaysia in May,1963, after training for II weeks atNorthern Illinois University in DeKalb,where trainees received almost 200 ho~,rsof Malay la.g”age instruction fromhlalaya” i“struc[om.

A 1961 zrad”ale of Wellesle” Collecewith a B,A-. in mathematics, Miss Gi,~sworked for 18 months as a Icgisla(ive

secretary in !he office of U.S. Sena Ioro

Joseph S. Cla,k of Pennsylvania beforeshe joined tbe Peace Corps.

Election InformationNonpartisan i“formatio” on views

of home-state candidates snd botbddes of the imtnes of the 1964 elec-tions is being otTercd to PeaceCorps Volunteers and staff mem.bem by the League of WomenV“tem. 10 obtain i“fomation,write immediately to the Lcngueof Women Votem, 1026 17th St.N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036,giving home address in the U.S.and enclosing a self-addressedenvelope bearing ovemeas addre%.For i“fornlation about securingabsentee ballo&, see page 4.

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