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Developed by
Andrew Marsiglia, PhD, CCPDecember 2010www.andymars.com
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Lesson 1: Getting Started with Personal
Computers
Personal Computer Basics
Personal Computer Hardware
Personal Computer Functionality
Lesson 2: Exploring Windows 7
Lesson 3: Managing Folders and Files
Lesson 4: Using Common Tools & Programs
Lesson 5: Customizing the Windows Desktop
Lesson 6: Help Windows Work Reliably
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Personal Computer Basics 5
A fast operating, versatile machine that consists of
electronic parts called
Hardware
Components
that follow a specific set of electronic instructions called
Software
Frequently called a PC, Workstation, or Microcomputer
Enable a person to quickly access, manipulate, and store information
Some common PC Uses
Budgeting & Performing Accounting Tasks
Analyzing numeric informationSearching through lists or reports for specific information
Scheduling & Planning Projects
Creating Illustrations
Communicating via Electronic Mail
Games
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Personal Computer Basics 6
Designed to be used in a specific
location
Most powerful of PCs
Easily upgradeable
Typical components - ExternalMonitor
Keyboard
Systems Unit
MouseSpeakers
Typical components - InternalModem
Network Connection
Hard Disk Drive
CD/DVD DriveSpeakers
SoftwareAll Windows Operating Systems
Unix & Linux Operating Systems
Runs majority of software available in the
world
Key Attributes
High Processing power
High performance
UpgradeableRelatively low cost
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Personal Computer Basics 7
Designed to be used in variouslocations
Operate on internal battery orConventional electrical connection
Not easily upgradeable
Less powerful than a desktop PC
More expensive than a desktop
Typical components - Internal
MonitorKeyboard
Systems Unit
Mouse
Speakers
Hard Disk Drive
Modem
Network Connector
CD/DVD Drive
External Printer & Monitor Connector
Software All Windows Operating System
Any software that can be used on a desktop
Key AttributesPortability
Small size
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Designed to be held in you hand
Very Portable
Lease powerful of PCs
Very limited upgradeability
Can be as expensive as a laptop PC
Typical components - InternalTouch Screen
Keyboard
Systems UnitStylus pen
Speakers
SD Memory card
Camera
Music Library
SoftwareWindows CE or equivalent
Portable version of MS Office
Mapping software
GPS
Key AttributesConvenience
Portability
Synchronize with a desktop orlaptop PC
Coupled with cell telephone
technology:
Blackberry
Treo
iPhone
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Server FarmA network of one to dozens of servers designed to provide large scale computing
(a monolithic computer resource) to several hundred to thousands of users
simultaneously.
Mainframe ComputerA single large-scale, high-speed computer that can run many programs
simultaneously while supporting thousands of users and electronic devices.
Efficient at processing very large volumes of transactions
Airline Reservations
Disney World
Banking
Hospitals
Air Traffic Control
Cable TV Operations
Super ComputerFastest computer classification. Used in research, simulation & modeling, mapping.Does one task at a time. Designed to handle extremely intense numeric
computations.
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Some Common PC Uses
Budgeting & Performing Accounting Tasks
Analyzing numeric information
Searching through lists or reports for specific information
Scheduling & Planning Projects
Creating Illustrations
Communicating via Electronic Mail
Games
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Whether you're writing a letter or entering numerical data, your
keyboard is the main way to enter information into your computer.
You can also use your keyboard to control your computer by issuing
keyboard commands.
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Also refer toP. 40-42
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Typing (alphanumeric) keys.
These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol
keys found on a traditional typewriter.
Control keys.
These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform
certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are CTRL, ALT, the
Windows logo key , and ESC.
Function keys.
The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They are labeled asF1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs
from program to program.
Navigation keys.
These keys are used for moving around in documents or web pages and
editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE
DOWN, DELETE, and INSERT.Numeric keypad.
The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are
grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding
machine.
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Whether you're writing a letter or entering numerical data, your
keyboard is the main way to enter information into your computer.
You can also use your keyboard to control your computer by issuing
keyboard commands.
Personal Computer Basics 16
Creating a New File (Ctrl l+ N)
Opening an Existing File (Ctrl + O)
Saving Your Work (Ctrl + S)
Printing Your Work (Ctrl + P)
Cut (Ctrl + X)
Copy (Ctrl + C)
Paste (Ctrl + V)
Finding a Word or Phrase (Ctrl +F)
Check Spelling (F7)
Undo (Ctrl + Z)
Redo (Ctrl + Y)
For a full list of Keyboard shortcuts, go to
http://www.andymars.com/Papers_IT_Ed_Computers.htm
and select Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows XP.
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A mouse functions as a pointing device by detecting two-dimensional
motion relative to its supporting surface.
Physically, a mouse consists of a small case, held under one of the
user's hands, with one or more buttons.
It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow
the user to perform various system-dependent operations, such as
scrolling through documents
The mouse's motion typically translates into the motion of a pointer
on a display.
Personal Computer Basics 18
Left
Button
Scroll
Wheel
Right
Button
Front
Refer to Page
43 & 44
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Mouse pointer selection point (the hot spot) is tip of arrow
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Correct Incorrect
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Right Mouse ButtonRight-click always display a menu
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Left Mouse Button Left-Click always selects from a menu
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Common PC Connectors
USB Port USB Hub
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Device primarily used to view text and graphic data produced by a
computer program.
Primary features
Monitor sizeAnti-glare coatings
on viewing surface
Flat or Rounded
Monitor stand
Controls
Personal Computer Basics 24
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Device CardsVideo Card
Frequently called the graphics card
Interprets signals from the CPU then sendsit to the monitor
The higher the RAM on the video card thebetter the image on the monitor & the fasterand image is displayed.
Sound Card
Interprets signals from the CPU thenconverts the signal into sound
Plays audio directly from a CD without CPUintervention
Built into motherboard on contemporary PC
Game Port
Usually part of the sound card
Allows a game controller to be connected tothe computer
Network Card
Provides a connection to a network
Usually an RJ45 plug & Ethernet Protocol
Built into motherboard on contemporary PC
Modem
Short for modulator-demodulator
Usually an RJ11 plug
Enables the PC to transmit and receive data
over telephone connection
Internal View of Basic PC Systems Cabinet
Physical
Ports
Device
Card lots
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Printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanentreadable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic
form, usually on physical print media such as paper or
transparencies.
Types of printers
Inkjet (water soluble)
Xerographic (Water resistant or waterproof)
Dot-Matrix (Water resistant or waterproof)Large Format (Plotters)
Printer Choice Criteria
Print Quality
Print Speed
Document Size
Document Handling Features
Type of paper
Cost of Consumables
Personal Computer Basics 26
Inkjet Printer
Xerographic Printer
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A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an
analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also
demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted
information.
Primarily used to connect the PC to a computer network
Common Types of Modems
Conventional Telephone (Dial-Up)
Cable Modem
Wireless Modem
Personal Computer Basics 27
Wireless Cable Dial-Up
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Good quality speakers are self-powered, relatively small in size to fit
on desks or on the side of monitors and contain magnetic shielding.
Available in :Monophonic
Stereophonic
Surround Sound
Personal Computer Basics 28
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Windows incorporates a wide variety of ways to store information and items such as
pictures, documents, music, video, and programs. Everything in the computer is stored
in a file or folder. The folders and files are stored on magnetic disks, CD, DVD, magnetic
tape, or memory cards.
Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (HDD):These are non-removable storage devices that consist of a hermetically sealed metal case that encloses two ormore 2 in diameter metal disks coated with a magnetic slurry, similar to the coating on magnetic tape. The diskdrives can spin the disks up to 7,200 rpm and have extremely high data retrieval (access) speed. They can storein excess of 250 gigabytes of data. The computer may have up to two HDD in the systems cabinet. They have theidentification letters of C:, D:, F:, or G:. The C: drive is always the main system disk drive and is the residenceof Windows .
Magnetic Diskette Drive (FDD):These are removable storage devices, also called floppy disk drives, that consist of a plastic case that encloses a2 in diameter Mylar disk coated with a magnetic slurry, similar to the coating on magnetic tape. The disk spins atabout 100 rpm and has slow data retrieval speed. It stores up to 250 megabytes of data. The computer may haveup to two FDD in the systems cabinet. They have the identification letters of A: or B:.The A: drive is always themain system diskette drive.
Compact Disk (CD):These are removable disks are identical to the CDs you use to play music in a home or car entertainment center.They consist a piece of metal foil sealed between two pieces of hard, clear plastic. A laser makes indentations inthe foil to store data. CDs spin at several hundred rpm and store up to 784 megabytes of data. They may have adisk ID of D:, E:, or F: .
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Digital Video Disk (DVD):These are removable disks are identical to the DVDs you use to play movies in a home or car entertainmentcenter. They consist a piece of metal foil sealed between two pieces of hard, clear plastic. A laser makesindentations in the foil to store data. There are ruby laser and blue-ray DVD. They are not inter-changeable.
DVDs spin at several hundred rpm . Ruby-Laser store up to 1 Gigabyte (GB) of data. Blue-Ray DVD store up to 5GB of data. They may have a disk ID of D:, E:, or F: .
Solid State Memory Devices:These are removable storage devices that are literally a memory chip housed in a protective case. They can be aUSB connective memory card or an SD memorycard like those used in a digital camera. These devicespresently store up to a gigabyte of data and can fit into a space as small as the end of an ink pen. Also calledthumb drive, jumpdrive, or memory stick.
External HDD:These are similar to the enclosed HDD used by your computer but is housed in a hard plastic or metal enclosurethat attaches to your computer via a USB connection. These disk units have very high capacity, up to an Exabyte,and have very high access speed. Great for storing music, pictures, or backup copies of important items.
Data Storage Range:
Term Meaning Numeric QuantityByte One Character 1Kilobyte (KB) One Thousand Bytes 1,000Megabyte (MB) One Million Bytes 1,000,000Gigabyte (GB) One Billion Bytes 1,000,000,000Terabyte (TB) One Million-Million Bytes 1,000,000,000,000Exabyte (EB) One Million-Billion Bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000
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DiskDriveLetter Type of Disk Primary Use Comments
A Internal Diskette Primary Bootable on Old PCs Obsolete
B Diskette DataObsolete
C Internal Hard Disk Programs & Data 1 Max. in Laptop PC,2 Max. in Desktop PC
D Internal CD or DVD Primary Bootable on Modern PCsRuby Laser Common.
Some Blu-Ray
E
External Data
Disk drive, memory card,
USB memory stick,
digital camera
F
G
X
External Mapped to Disk Drive on a NetworkNot a physical disk drive
on the local PC.Y
Z
Disk drives have alphabetic designations that may range from A to Z.
These are common designations.
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MotherboardThe central circuit board into which theCPU and all related components must
connect.Operates at a speed separate from allother components. Usually referred to asbus speed
Central Processing Unit - CPUGenerates signals that control all devicesconnected to the PC
Designed in conjunction with operatingsystem developers like MicrosoftWindows .
Contains a proprietary set of instructionscalled the instruction set
Operates at a speed separate from allother components.
Usually referred to as clock or cyclespeed.
The speed advertised by manufacturers &resellers.
It is an industry-standard relative measure ofspeed.
It is not the speed the PC operates in total.
Operated at very high temperature
Mother
Board
Internal View of Basic Desktop PC
SystemsCabinet
CPU
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Megahertz (MHz)Millions of cycles per second
Reference: Electricity in our homes alternates at 60 MHz
Gigahertz (GHz)Billions of cycles per second
Methods of PC Speed measurement
CPU speed
Also referred to as Clock speed Number of cycles per second that a Central Processing Unit can perform
RAM Speed
Speed at which electronic signals are transferred into and out of randomaccess memory
Bus Speed Measurement of how fast signals travel through the mother board
Refer to Supplemental Articles:http://www.andymars.com/Papers_IT_Ed_Computers.htm
Scientists Develop Fastest Computer
Multi-Core CPU
http://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/Scientists%20develop%20fastest%20computer.pdfhttp://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/Scientists%20develop%20fastest%20computer.pdf -
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PowerSwitch
PS2
Sockets
USB
Sockets
Serial
Sockets
Audio
Sockets
Ethernet
Socket
Power
Connector
Power Supply
Fan
Printer
Socket
Game Port
Modem
Socket
Video Port
(Monitor)
Ethernet
Card
AudioCard
Internal
Physical Ports
External
Physical Ports
Common Configuration
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Keep the PC in a cool, well ventilated area
Away from moisture
Do not place in direct sunlight
Connect to a stable power outlet with a good groundNever connect to a non-grounded outlet
Use electric power protection
UPS or surge protector power strip
During thunderstorms, power off the PC & disconnect it from the main electricsource
Uninterrupted power supply (UPS)
Not a substitute for a grounded outlet
Excellent PC protection
Do not use for heaters, coffee pots, or other high amperage appliances
Regularly clean the PC and its peripheral devicesNever use concentrated detergents such as 409 or Fantastic
Windex or similar cleaner
Always power off the PC & its peripheral devices before cleaning, especially themonitor.
Clean mouse ball and internal roller contacts
Use alcohol
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Windows 7 is an operating system (OS), the software that manages the
sharing of the resources of a computer.
An OS processes raw system data and user input, and responds by:
allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources
as a service to users and programs of the system
The OS is the foundation of all system software and performs basic tasks:
controlling and allocating memory
prioritizing system requestscontrolling input and output devices
facilitating networking
managing file systems
Most OS come with an application that provides a user interface for
communicating with the operating system,command line interpreter
graphical user interface(What Windows 7 really is.)
The OS provides a platform for other system software and for application
software.
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Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Typically the primary computer memory
Dynamic Characteristics
Volatile
Non-Permanent (Temporary)
Delivers data & instructions to CPU
Fastest type of memory
The more RAM the better the
computers performanceOperates at a speed different than CPU
Primary Buffer Space
Read Only Memory
Pre-recorded memory stored on anintegrated circuit chip
Dynamic Characteristics
Non- Volatile
Permanent
Virtual Memory
Hard Disk Drive acts like RAM
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Turn Power on to the PC
The computer performs a series of self-tests and diagnostic routines
Power On Self Test - POST
Will make 1 or 2 audio beeps
Any more or none at all means the computer in inoperable
The PC starts a software loader program called the bootstraploader
The bootstrap loader loads the operating system from the hard disk
drive
The PC loads other software to prepare itself for human interaction
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In computing, a buffer is a region of memory used to temporarily holddata while it is being moved from one place to another.
Buffers are typically used when there is a difference between therate at which data is received and the rate at which it can beprocessed, or in the case that these rates are variable.
Buffers are often used in conjunction with input or output to
hardware:
Slow devices
Printers
Sound System
Internet (Video, Music, Pictures, Large Documents)
Optical Disk DrivesBig Screen Monitors
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A line to a rollercoaster in an amusement park is like computer
buffer.
People who ride the coaster come in at an unknown and often variablepace but the roller coaster will be able to load people in bursts (as a
coaster arrives and is loaded).
The line to the ride acts as a buffer. It a temporary space where those
wishing to ride wait until the ride is available.
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A buffer overflow or buffer overrun is a condition where a process
attempts to store data beyond the boundaries of memory allocated to
the buffer. The result is that the extra data overwrites adjacent
memory locations.Causes erratic program behavior
Some programs stop working
Computer may temporarily stop working.
Its like the CPU is at the top of a funnel & the output device is at thebottom of the funnel. If the CPU pours all data too rapidly, the funnel
would overflow.
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Type of
ConnectionCharacteristics Accessibility
Internet Access
Equipment
Required PC
EquipmentSecurity
Transmission
Speed
Telephone Uses conventional voice telephonenetwork.
Existing copper telephoneline.
None Required TelephoneCable
Public
Access,Medium
to High
Very Slow
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line. Uses
existing telephone network with
special line conditioning. Separate
channel from voice.
Existing copper telephone
line.
DSL Modem from
telephone
company.
Ethernet Cable
or Inbuilt PC
Wireless
Transceiver or
External Card
Public
Access,
Medium
to High
Very High
CableUses ground-based cable television
network. Separate channel from TV.
Connection to existing cable
TV system; satellite or direct
copper line.
Cable Modem from
cable TV provider.
Ethernet Cable
or Inbuilt PC
Wireless
Transceiver or
External Card
Public
Access,
Medium
to High
Very High
Wireless
Radio transmission & reception using
Wi-Fi, Inbuilt PC Wireless, or
Broadband.
Internal PC transceiver or
external PCMCIA card or USB
device,
None or broadband
card.
Inbuilt PC
Wireless
Transceiver orExternal Card
Public
Access,
Low toMedium
Medium
Satellite
Wireless connection typically used
where DSL or Cable Internet service
is unavailable.
External earth-base-station
with outside dish antenna.
Cable Modem From
satellite service
provider.
Ethernet Cable
or Inbuilt PC
Wireless
Transceiver or
External Card
Public
Access,
Low to
Medium
Varies from
very slow to
medium.
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Type of
WirelessDefined Accessibility
Required PC
EquipmentRelative Distances
Primary
Devices
Served
Security
Wi-Fi
"Wi-Fi" means "wireless fidelity".
The term "wi-fi" refers to certain
kinds of wireless local area
networks, or WLAN (as opposed to
LAN, or computers that are
networked together with wires).
Wi-Fi hotspots are places
where you can find wi-fi,
free or paid. internet cafes
are likely wi-fi hotspots, and
many airports, hotels and
bars have wifi hotspots.
Uses transmitter-
receiver built in to
most laptop PC
and smartphones.
May use external
PCMCIA card.
Mediun Range:
50 ft. to 30 miles.PCs, printers
Public
Access,
Low to
Medium
Broadband
Wireless
Broadband is often called "high-
speed" Internet, because it usually
has a high rate of data transmission.
Connection via the cellphone
network.
Anywhere there is access to
the cellular telephone
network.
Broadband card
from cellphone
provider. PCMCIA
or USB.
Long Range:
limited by
cellphone
network
access.
Laptop
&desktop PCs,
Smartphones
Public
Access,
Medium
to High
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an open wireless
protocol for exchanging data over
short distances (using short length
radio waves) from fixed and mobile
devices, creating personal area
networks (PANs).
Connects two or more
specific devices. Devices
must be paired.
Uses transmitter-
receiver built in to
most laptop PC and
smartphones.
Short Range:
3 ft to 300 ft
Smartphones,
telephone
headsets,
laptop PCs,
printers,
Private
Acccess,
Low to
Medium
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Windows XP and XP are operating systems (OS), the software that manages
the sharing of the resources of a computer.
An OS processes raw system data and user input, and responds by:
allocating and managing tasks and internal system resourcesas a service to users and programs of the system
The OS is the foundation of all system software and performs basic tasks:
controlling and allocating memory
prioritizing system requests
controlling input and output devices
facilitating networking
managing file systems
Most OS come with an application that provides a user interface for
communicating with the operating system,command line interpreter
graphical user interface(What Windows XP really is.)
The OS provides a platform for other system software and for application
software.
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A service pack (SP) is a collection of software consisting of
updates
fixes
enhancements to a software program
delivered in the form of a single installable package.
Many companies, such as Microsoft, typically release a service packwhen the number of individual patches to a given program reaches a
certain limit.
Installing a service pack is easier and less error-prone than installinga high number of patches individually.
Service packs are usually numbered, and thus referred to as SP1,
SP2, etc.
Besides bug fixes, SPs may provide entirely new features, as is thecase with SP2 of Windows XP.
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The Ease OfAccessbutton
Shut Down Options
The Password Text Box
The Shut Down Button
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The StartButton The Taskbar
Notification AreaThe Quick Launch Toolbar
Located at the bottom of the Windows Desktop
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Pinned Items List
Default Programs
The Profile Folder
Recent Programs
The All Programs Menu
Shut DownOptions
Common Items
The Start Search Text Box
Shut down Hibernate
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Activity :Exploring Desktop Elements
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The Control
Menu Icon
The Menu Bar The Title Bar The Minimize Button
The Toolbar
The Status Bar
The Maximize /Restore Button
The Close Button
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Removes the
window from the
viewing area
Window
becomes a button
on the Task Bar
Window stays
active
Restores a small
window to the full
size of the viewing
area
Reduces a full-
size window back
to its smaller size
Closes the
window
Frequently exits
the program
Only one of these buttons
will be displayed at one time
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63Personal Computer Basics
Resizing arrows appear when the mouse cursor is placed
over the border or anchor of an object.
The arrows indicate that the objects size or location can bechanged.
An object may be a text box, picture, clipart, drawing, etc
Moves the entire object without resizing.
Expands or contracts the object horizontally
Expands or contracts the object vertically
Expands or contracts the object diagonally.
Keeps the object in proportion.
Place anywhere on a border or marquee
Place on an anchor
Place on an anchor
Place on an anchor
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At the Start Menu selectHelp and Support
Centralized location for all Windows XP Help and Support Functions
System RestoreThe most important function!
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Disk Cleanup helps free up space on your hard disk drive.
Disk Cleanup searches your drive, and then shows you temporary
files, Internet cache files, and unnecessary program files that you
can safely delete.
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Disk Defragmenter consolidates fragmented files and folders on your
computer's hard disk.
Each file occupies a single, contiguous space on the volume.
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The Backup utility helps you create a copy of the information on your
hard disk.
You can use the copy to restore your lost or damaged data.
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Shut DownOptions
Shut down Hibernate
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Shut Down
Turns off your computer in an orderly fashion
Switch UserAllows multiple users to user use the PC at the same time
Log Off
Enables you to end your session without turning off your PC
Lock
Enables you to secure your PC if you need to leave for a short
time.
Restart
Powers off the PC then immediately restarts it and loads the
operating system
Refer to Website Article:
Turning Off Your Computer Properly
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Files
A file is an object that contains user data for documents, pictures, music,
video, etc.
Can contain program code for applications.File Extension
File extensions refer to the format of a file and its type.
Refer to Website document, file Format Extensions at
www.andymars.com.
Folders
A container that stores files in an organized manner
Subfolder
A folder within another folder
Libraries
Special folder that is a repository for similar types of data
My Documents My Pictures
My Music
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Windows stores items on disk drivesmuch like people store documents in a file
cabinet.
The storage scheme is hierarchal orTree Structure.
Typically, folders are stored in a disk
drive and files are stored in folders.
Some items are stored on the disk drivewithout being in a folder.
Frequently, a master folder may have
several folders within it much like having aexpandable paper folder that containsseveral manila folders each of whichcontain various documents.
HDD1 (C:)
DocumentsandSettings
AndyM
My Documents
My Music
Allison Krauss
Live Disc 1Song 1. . .Song 2. . .Song 3. . .
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23
4
5
Cabinet
Drawer
Folder 1
File
Cabinet
Folder 2
Folder 3Folder 4Folder 5
Folder Tree from Windows Explorer
File Cabinet Structure
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DiskDriveLetter Type of Disk Primary Use Comments
A Internal Diskette Primary Bootable on Old PCs Obsolete
B Diskette DataObsolete
C Internal Hard Disk Programs & Data 1 Max. in Laptop PC,2 Max. in Desktop PC
D Internal CD or DVD Primary Bootable on Modern PCsRuby Laser Common.
Some Blu-Ray
E
External Data
Disk drive, memory card,
USB memory stick,
digital cameraF
G
X
External Mapped to Disk Drive on a NetworkNot a physical disk drive
on the local PC.Y
Z
Disk drives have alphabetic designations that may range from A to Z.
These are common designations.
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Another way to look into disks and folders is to click on the Startbutton then select Computer. TheComputerWindow will display listing the major document files, all hard disk drives and solid statestorage devices, and all removable storage.
Click on a documents folder to reveal its contents. Likewise, click on a disk drive to reveal itscontents. The folders and files will be listed in the same tree structure as an inquiry made viaWindows Explorer.
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1. Go to the Start Menu and select My Computer to list the disk drives or
select Documents
2. Right-click the desired file or folder and choose Desktop (Createshortcut)
3. The Folder or File will be placed on the Windows Desktop.
2
1
3
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The Recycle bin is the repository of almost all of the computers deleted items. Its icon is show in figure 1.
When a folder, file, document, picture, music, or video is deleted it always is placed in the Recycle bin. Becausedeleted items are placed in the recycle bin, they may be restored to the computer.
To view items in the recycle bin, left-click on the bin icon. Right-click on the item you desire to restore then
select Restore.
When the Recycle bin is emptied, all items contained within it are permanently deleted from the computer andcannot be restored.
To empty the bin, right-click on the recycle bin icon to view the box shown in figure 2.
Click on Empty Recycle Binand answer Yes.
The recycle bin size is normally 10% of the computers space on disk drive C:. When the recycle bin is full, awarning is displayed. Consequently, the recycle bin must be emptied before more deleted items may be added toit.
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Activity 2-3:Using the Recycle Bin
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At the Start menu enter a search keyword and press Enteror right-click on the Start
Buttonto display the search dialog box
Search Criteria Box
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Programs may be generally saved in two different ways
1.Save
2.Save As
The Saveoption saves a document in
Its default save location
Retains the document name
Retains the document file type &extension
To invoke the SaveFunction
SelectFilefrom the Menu Bar
then selectSave
Select the Saveicon
Depress the Ctrland Skeys
Programs may be generally saved in two different ways
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Programs may be generally saved in two different ways
1. Save
2. Save As
The SaveAsoption saves a documentwith these available options
Any location you select
Can change the documents name
Can change the document file type &extension
To invoke the Save AsFunction
Select Filefrom the Menu Bar then
select Save As
Save AsDialog Box
Enter new location inSave infield
Enter new document name inFile
namefield
Enter new file type inSave as type
field
Refer to Website Article: File Formats
1
2
3
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A text-editing application that has remedial formatting tools.
To launch Notepad: Left-click the Start Button, All Programs, Accessories,
Notepad
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A simple word processing application that has basic formatting tools
To launch Wordpad: Left-click the Start Button, All Programs, Accessories,
Wordpad
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Similar to a standard hand-held calculator
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Use Viewsoption to make the default calculator convert to views of
application-specific calculators
To launch the Calculator: Left-click the Start Button, All Programs,
Accessories, Calculator
Standard Calculator
Statistics View Calculator
Programmer View Calculator
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A Windows 7 accessory that allows you to capture a snip or screen shot of
any object displayed on your video monitor.
To launch the Snipping Tool: Left-click the Start Button, All Programs,
Accessories, Snipping Tool
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A Windows accessory that provides a variety of options for creating and
modifying pictures and images.
To launch the Calculator: Left-click the Start Button, All Programs,
Accessories, Calculator
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The options will lock the taskbar, allow display of the Quick Launch bar, as well as
other cosmetic options.
When you right-click on the Startbutton the Taskbar and Start Menu Propertieswindow
will be displayed.
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The options will lock the taskbar, allow display of the Quick Launch bar, as well as
other cosmetic options.
When you right-click on the Startbutton the Taskbar and Start Menu Propertieswindow
will be displayed.
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The options will lock the taskbar, allow display of the Quick Launch bar, as well as
other cosmetic options.
When you right-click on the Startbutton the Taskbar and Start Menu Propertieswindow
will be displayed.
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Right click anywhere on the Windows desktop, except on an icon, to display the
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g y p, p , p y
selection box #1 shown below.
Select the Personalizeoption to display the Personalization Options window #2.
These selections enable you to arrange the desktop display in various ways as well as
selecting the desktop background picture.
1
2
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Set the desiredcolor for your
desktop
Set the desired picture
for your desktop
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Set the desiredscreensaver foryour desktop
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A screen saver consistsof either graphics or text
Screen Saver Type
Screen Saver Wait Time
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Gadgetsprovidingspecific
informationat a glance
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Keep the PC in a cool well ventilated area
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Keep the PC in a cool, well ventilated area
Away from moisture
Do not place in direct sunlight
Connect to a stable power outlet with a good groundAvoid connecting to a non-grounded outlet
Use electric power protection
UPS or surge protector power strip
During thunderstorms, power off the PC & disconnect it from the main electricsource
Uninterrupted power supply (UPS)
Not a substitute for a grounded outlet
Excellent PC protection
Do not use for heaters, coffee pots, or other high amperage appliances
Refer to Website Article: Introduction to UPS Technology
Regularly clean the PC and its peripheral devices
Never use concentrated detergents such as 409 or Fantastic
Windex or similar cleaner
Always power off the PC & its peripheral devices before cleaning, especially themonitor.
Clean mouse ball and internal roller contacts
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Clean mouse ball and internal roller contacts
Use alcohol
Perform Maintenance Tasks to Improve PerformanceRemove Unused ProgramsInstall and run anti-spyware software Trend Micro
Symantec Anti-Virus
McAfee Anti-Virus
Free up wasted space Disk Cleanup
Disk Defragmenter
Disconnect unused network connections
Disconnect unused hardware devices
Refer to Website Articles: 5 Ways to Speed Up Your PC
Maintenance Tasks That Improve Performance
Install and Regularly RunSpyware/Malware Protection Software Adware or AdwareAlert from www.lavasoft.com
Registry Maintenance Software RegistrySmart from www.registrysmart.com
http://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/5%20ways%20to%20speed%20up%20your%20PC.pdfhttp://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/Maintenance%20tasks%20that%20improve%20performance.pdfhttp://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/Maintenance%20tasks%20that%20improve%20performance.pdfhttp://supplemental%20material/Computer%20Articles/5%20ways%20to%20speed%20up%20your%20PC.pdf -
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Creating a New File (Ctrl l+ N)
Opening an Existing File (Ctrl + O)
Saving Your Work (Ctrl + S)
Printing Your Work (Ctrl + P)
Cut (Ctrl + X)
Copy (Ctrl + C)
Paste (Ctrl + V)
Finding a Word or Phrase (Ctrl +F)
Check Spelling (F7)
Undo (Ctrl + Z)
Redo (Ctrl + Y)
Personal Computer Basics
For a full list of Keyboard shortcuts, go to
http://www.andymars.com/Papers_IT_Ed_Computers.htm
and select Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows XP.
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COMPUTER ARTICLES
5 Ways to Speed Up Your PCEliminate Left Turns
Getting Started With Email
How to Troubleshoot Hardware
Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows
Maintenance Tasks that Improve Performance
Turning Off Your Computer Properly
Scientist Develop Fastest Computer
EMAIL & PHISHING ARTICLES
5 Tips from the Hotmail Team to Help Protect Yourself from Email Scams
A Day in the Life of a Phisher
How to Handle Suspicious Email
Phishing Scam Example
5 Common Email Scams
MISCELLANEOUS
Healthy Computing Guide
Importance Of Ergonomic Input Devices
Computer File Extension List
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SELECTING A PERSONAL COMPUTER
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Selecting a PC
Top 10 Desktop PCs
Top 10 Laptop PCs
UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLIES
10 Best UPS Devices for PCs
What is a UPS?
Introduction to UPS Technology
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