PC and Hardware Specifications

7/28/2019 PC and Hardware Specifications

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personaluri kompiuteri da misi mowyobilobebi

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Kkompiuteris komponentebi

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2

(, ),

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(API - Application Programming Interface)-

, , , , -

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(RPC Remote Procedure Call)

COM (Component Object Model) -

, COM-.

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CLI Command Line Interface -

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GUI - Graphical User Interface

(, ,, ..)

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3

3. (. Motherboard, MB, , mainboard ) ,

( ,

, (PROM Programming Read Onli

Memory), / (Input/Output) . -

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4

(. Northbridge) .

, .

FSB(. Front Side Bus).

.

. ,

-

. , ,

(, Intel Core i7 -

), .

PCI

Express 16x.

(. Southbridje) ICH (I/O Controller Hub),

(, Ethernet

, ), (PCI,

PCI-Express 1x da USB), ,

(Low Pin Count LPC PROM12).

-

- , , . , -

(I/O) ,

,

.

Asus, Gigabyte, MSI, Intel, Biostar, Elitegroup,

ASRock.

.

1PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) ( ) -

,

().2 (. Super I/O) ,

( , -

).


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5


6/22

6


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4. (CPU) (Central Processor Unit, CPU) - ,

.

.

- , .

, 3

.

. , ,

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:

Socket- () ,

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Socket LGA4

775, LGA 775

.

, .

. ,

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, .

( MHz GHz). .

3 ,

. .4LGA (. Land Grid Array, ).

LGA-.

LGA 775 ()


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8

.

.

FSB (Front Side Bus)

.

, . FSB-

(Frequency Ratio/Multiplier) ,

.

.

- ,

. ,

,

. - L1, L2, L3.

-

. , .

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- .

(L1)- (8- 512Kb) ,

, .

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. -

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(L2) - (512- 16MB) ,

, -, -

.

, ,

L2- .

, ,

. ,

, . (L2)-.

L2- . -

-.

(L3) - (0- 30Mb) -

. L3- Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5,

Intel Core i7, Intel Xeon.


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, ().

. , 2 , 16

16 (2x8=16, 1 8 ); 4 , 32 , 8

, 64 .

.

, , , .

. (nm)5. ,

, .

,

. 32nm,

45nm 65nm.

Conroe (65nm) - Intel- Conroe Allendale

2006 27 . 65nm

, Desktop . Conroe4 MB-(L2) , E6400 E6300

L2 ,

2 MB. LGA 775.

Conroe . , E6300

( FSB )

3 GHz-.

Conroe , , Xeon, Core 2 Duo,

Core 2 Extreme, Dual Core.

L2 TDPAllendale

Xeon3xxx 2 2 MB

LGA 775

65 Conroe 3xxx 2 2-4 MB

AllendaleCore 2 Duo

E4xxx 2 2 MB65

Conroe E6xx0 2 2-4 MB

Conroe-XE Core 2 Extreme X6xxx 2 4 MB 75

Allendale Pentium Dual Core E2xxx 2 1 MB 65

Wolfdale (45nm) -Conroe, 45nm

Penryn (

45

). E7000 E8000Core 2 DuoWolfdale

5. 1(1nm=10-9m).


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. E5000 E6000Pentium Dual CoreWolfdale-

2M2MB (L2).

LGA 775LGA 771.

L2 TDP

Wolfdale-3M

Celeron E3xxx

2

1 MB

LGA 77565

Pentium Dual Core

E2210

E5xxx2 MB

E6xxx

Core 2 DuoE7xxx 3 MB

WolfdaleE8xxx

6 MBXeon

31x0 45-65

Wolfdale-CL

30x4 1

LGA 771

30

31x3 2 65

Kentsfield - , 4 . Conroe .

(L1) 32 KB 32 KB

. (L2) 8 MB.

LGA 775.

L2 TDP

Kentsfield

Xeon 32xx

4 2x4 MB LGA 775

95-105

Core 2 Duo Q6xxx 95-105

Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx 130

Yorkfield - Kentsfield . 45

, Kentsfield ,

Wolfdale . Yorkfield

6 12 MB (L2) , 3 6 MB

. ( ) 1333 (Extreme

1600MHz-). , - , FSB . Yorkfield

Intel Core 2 Quad (Q9300, Q9450, Q9550, Q9650) Intel Core 2 Extreme

(QX9650, QX9770).

Nehalem (32nm) - Intel- ( 2008

) LGA 1366 Bloomfield- , LGA

1156-Lynnfield-.

-Core i7Core i5.


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Nehalem Core , -,

:

, DDR3 SDRAM2

3FB-DIMM4.

QPI, FSB ( LGA 1366 ; LGA 1156

DMI).

.

KentsfieldYorkfield, 2-

,Bloomfield-.

.

SM ( 2

).

Sandy Bridge (32nm) - Core i7/Core i5/Core i3/Pentium/Celeron . 3,5 2 4

(CPU) (GPU - Intel HD Graphics

2000, HD Graphics 3000 , 1,35 GHz ) .

(PCI Express 2.0

DDR3 SDRAM) 1333 ). 256 KB

8 MB- .

- 135.

Ivy Bridge (22nm) - 22 Sandy Bridge . DDR3- 2 4 2800 MT/S ,

PCI Express 3.0 . USB 3.0 P7x .

GPU API (application programming interface) DirectX 11

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

3 .

Panther Point LGA 1155.

P67 Ivy Bridge

BIOS-. Q65, Q67 B65,

Ivy Bridge.

, Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge

.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i7http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i5http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express_2.0http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridgehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express_2.0http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeronhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentiumhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i5http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i7http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SM%D0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsfieldhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Media_Interfacehttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1156http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1366http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSBhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_QuickPath_Interconnecthttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/FB-DIMMhttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3_SDRAM


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Sendy Bridge

()

CPUGHz

GPUGHz L3MB

TDP GT/sDDR

LGA2011

6 (12)

Core i7

3960X 3,3 3,9

x x

15

1306,4 4x ch. DDR3

1600 MGz3930K 3,2 3,8 12

4 (8)

3820 3,63,9

10 4,8

LGA1155

2700K 3,5

850 1350 895 DMI 2,0

PCIe2,0

2x ch. DDR31333 MHz

2600K3,4

3,82600

2600S 2,8 65

LGA1155

4 (4)

Core i5

2550K 3,4 3,8 x x

6

95

DMI 2,0PCIe2,0

2x ch. DDR31333 MHz

2550K3,3

3,7 850 11002500

2500S 2,7 65

2500T 2,3 3,3 650 1250 45

2450P 3,2 3,5 x x95

2400 3,1 3,4

850 1100

2405S2,5

3,3

65

2400S2320 3,0

952310 2,9 3,2

2300 2,8 3,1

2380P 3,1 3,4 x x

2 (4) 2390P 2,7 3,5 650 1100 3 35

LGA1155

2 (4) Core i3

2130 3,4

x

850

1100 3

65

DMI 2,0PCIe2,0

2x ch. DDR31333 MHz

21253,3

2120

2120T 2,6 650 35

2105

3,1 850 652102

21002100T 2,5 650 35

LGA1155

2 (2) Pentium

G860 3,0

x

850

1100 3

65 DMI 2,0PCIe2,0

2x ch. DDR31066 MHz

G850 2,9

G840 2,8

G6322,7

G630

G6222,6

G620

G630T 2,3650 35

G620T 2,2

LGA1155

2 (2)Celeron

G540 2,5

x

850

10002

65DMI 2,0

PCIe2,0

2x ch. DDR31066 MHz

G530 2,4G530T 2,0

650 321 (2) G460 1,8 1,5

1 (1) G440 1,6 1


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Ivy Bridge

()

CPUGHzGPUGHz L3

MBTDP GT/s*

DDR LGA1155

4 (8) Core i7

3770K 3,53,9~3,7

650 1150 8

77DMI 2,0PCIe 3,0

2x ch. DDR31600 MHz

3770 3,4

3770S 3,1 3,9~3,5 65

3770T 2,5 3,7~3,1 45

LGA1155

4 (4)

Core i5

3570K3,4

3,8~3,6

650

1150

6

77

DMI 2,0PCIe 3,0

2x ch. DDR31600 MHz

35703,8

3570S 3,1 65

3570T 2,3 3,3~2,9 45

3550 3,3 3,7~3,5 77

3550S 3,0 3,7~3,365

3475S 2,9

3,6

1100

3470 3,2 77

3470S2,9

65

2 (4) 3470T 3 35

4 (4)

3450 3,1 3,5~3,3

6

77

3450S 2,8 3,5~3,1 653330 3,0

3,2 105077

3330S 2,7 65

LGA1155

2 (4) Core i3

3240 3,4

x 650 1050 3 55DMI 2,0PCIe 2,0

2x ch. DDR31600 MHz

32253,3

3220

Intel Ivy Bridge

*GT/s Gigatransfer per Second (/)

. (/, ). , 8 1 ,1

GT/s8x109 /8 GB/s.


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Intel VT(Virtualization Technology), () .

() .

TXT(Trusted Execution Technology) , .

TXT

TPM (Trusted Platform Module ,

) .

.

() ,

.

.

TPM- .

, .

()

keylogger- ,

( USB )

.

, ,

.

HT (Hyper-threading - -)

.

(execution unit)

(useful work) , . ,

Hiper-threading- Pentium 4 , . Core 2 Duo Hyper-threading

. Core i7 Hyper-

threading,

. Core i3Core

i5.

EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology) ,

Intel- 64 . ,

,

.

Intel 64 64 . x86 ., .

, 2001,Intel 64-,Windows XP

x64, AMD- x86 AMD64 64-

, Intel 64-, , .


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5. (RAM) (. RAM - Random Access Memory)

6, ,

, . ,

, ,

, ,.

,

(Computing word, ).

, () , .

. .

-.

(bit) , 0 1..

.

"" 1948 "

". ,

"binary digit""bit".

(byte) . 8 -

256(28) .

,

.

6, .


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.

, .

,

, .

,

, ,

, , .

,

.

.

.

, ,

,, .

., . . SIMM, DIMM, DDR

DDR2.

DDR3 (Double Data Rate ). (DDR2), DDR3-

,

.

.. (,

) ,

(, ,

). ., .

(, + +

) (swap file).

, . ,

.

. , 1 Gb,

2 Gb.

. , , - . (MHz).

,

. , 1600 MHz,

1066 MHz,

- 1066 MHz.

.


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. , ,

. ,

64 ( 8 ), 1600 MHz, DDR3,

1600MHz x 8 = 12800 ( 12,8

). , PC312800.

2 (Dual-channel architecture).

.

,

. , 2 ,

. , ,

5-10 %- 20 %- 70 %-,

(Photoshop, CorelDraw ).

: (triple-channel memory)

(quad-channel memory).

. - (Latency). , -

. ,

. ,

: CAS Latency - CAS (Column Adress Strobe

), RAS to CAS Delay- RAS (Raw Adress Strobe ), RAS Precharge TimeDRAM Cycle Time. 2-2-2-5 3-4-4-7, .

, . ,

Low Latency( ).DDR3

.

DDR3-800 100 MHz 400 MHz 6400 Mb/s PC3-6400 6400 Mb/s

DDR3-1066 133 MHz 533 MHz 8533 Mb/s PC3-8500 8533 Mb/s

DDR3-1333 166 MHz 666 MHz 10 667 Mb/s PC3-10600 10 667 Mb/s




DDR4 SDRAM (double-data-rate four synchronous dynamic random access memory)

,

. 2133 MHz- 4266 MHz-

. 2012. 2011 4 CES

Samsung- DDR4-2133 MHz,

1,2v.


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6. (VGA), ,

.

( ,

).

-, ,

.

, Nvidia AMD ( Ati)

OpenGLDirectX78.

(Graphic Processing Unit GPU). , . ,

.

.

,

, .

CPU 24,

, , ,

GPU-.

(Video Display Controller, VDC). , RAMDAC

.

(nVidia, ATI) ,

.

(Video RAM). , ,

( ).

.

,

. GDDR3

, GDDR5

. ,

,

, .

.

7DirectX (Direct - , )API- (application programming interface - )

, Microsoft Windows.

.8 (rendering - ) - , ,

.


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- (Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter, RAMDAC)

, .

RAMDAC . RAMDAC-

: ,

(, , - Red, Green, Blue, RGB), SRAM -

.

- 8 256

, 16,7 .

- .

, DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

,

--

.

ROM. , BIOS (VBIOS), , .

, .

ROM- BIOS-

. VBIOS,

.

ROM-

(EEPROM, Flash ROM),BIOS-.


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. GPU- (MHz), .

- ,

. ATI

Radeon HD 6670 , 840 MHz,ATI Radeon

HD 6670650 MHz.

. , GPU-

,

.

. GPU-.

,

, .

nVidia GeForce . GTX580

772 MHz,

, , 1544 MHz.

. ,, . ,

. ,

, .

,

- ! ,

,

. ,

,

,.

. , . ,

, . , 256-

, 128-. ,

, ,

.

: 64 512 ,

, GPU . , low-end

, 64128, -

128256, - 256384.

. , , ,

3D .

533 MHz- (1066 MHz ) 1375 MHz- (5500 MHz

), 5-!


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Ati (AMD)nVIDIA

GPUCUDA

GPUMHz

VRAMMHz

MB

Vat

GeForce GTX 690 2 x GK104 2 x 1536 2 x 256 GDDR5 915 6008 (QDR) 2 x 2048 300

GeForce GTX 680 GK104 1536 256 GDDR5 1006 6008 (QDR) 2048 192

GeForce GTX 590 2 x GF110 2 x 512 2 x 384 GDDR5 607 3414 3072 365

GeForce GTX 580 GF110 512 384 GDDR5 772 4008 1536/3072 244



GeForce GTX 550 GF116 192 192 GDDR5 900 4014 1024 116

GeForce GTS 450 GF106 192 128 GDDR5 783 1804 512/1024 106

GeForce GTS 250 G 92 738 256 GDDR3 738 1100 512/1024 150

GeForce GT 430 GF 108 96 128 GDDR3 700 1800 1024 49

GeForce GT 240 GT 215 96 128 GDDR5 550 850 1024 69

GeForce GT 220 GT 216 48 128 GDDR3 625 790 1024 58

Ati (AMD) HD 7970 Tahiti 2084 384 GDDR5 925 5500 (QDR) 3072 250

Ati (AMD) HD 6990 Antilles 2 x 1536 2 x 256 GDDR5 830 5000 2 x 2048 375

Ati (AMD) HD 6970 Cayman XT 1536 256 GDDR5 880 5500 2048 200

Ati (AMD) HD 6870 Barts XT 1120 256 GDDR5 900 4200 1024 150

Ati (AMD) HD 6850 Barts Pro 960 256 GDDR5 775 4000 1024 127

Ati (AMD) HD 6790 Barts LE 800 256 GDDR5 840 4200 1024 150

Ati (AMD) HD 6770 Juniper XT 800 128 GDDR5 850 4800 512/1024 108

Ati (AMD) HD 6570 Turks 480 128 GDDR3 650 1800 1024/2048 44/6

Ati (AMD) HD 6450 Caicos 160 64 GDDR3 625 1600 512/1024 18/2

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