PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS

Instructional Objectives

Need for condition surveys Collection methodologies Basic types of condition surveys Different procedures and equipment

available

Condition Surveys are used to assess the “health” of the network.

Need for Condition Surveys

Evaluate the current condition of the network Determine the rates of deterioration Project future conditions Determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs Determine the costs of repair Prepare plans for repairs Determine the effects of budget reductions and

deferred maintenance Schedule future pavement maintenance activities Track performance of various pavement designs

and materials

Types of Surveys

Roughness (Ride Quality) Distress Surveys Rutting Skid Resistance (Surface Friction) Structural Capacity –Project Level

Survey the outside lane For undivided highways survey one direction For divided highways survey the outside lane in both

directions

FREQUENCYSAMPLING - RANDOM, PERIODIC, or CONTINUOUS

Data UpdatesREPEAT SCHEDULING - ANNUAL, BIENNIALBased on Functional Class (e.g., arterials might be inspected

annually, collectors every two years, and residential streets every five years)

Condition Survey Plan Example

Good pavement distress survey will collect data necessary to:

• Identify roads which need no immediate maintenance and therefore, no immediate expenditures• Identify roads which require a minor or routine maintenance and immediate expenditures• Identify roads which require pavement preservation activities such as seal, Micro Surfacing, etc• Identify roads which need minor rehabilitation, major rehabilitation or reconstruction

Pavement Condition Survey Equipment

Profiler

roughness, distress, rutting, noise, pavement

imaging

FWD

Skid Trailer

(Safety)

Pavement friction

GPR

Layer Thickness

Structural CapacityManual Survey

Pavement Video Systems

ROWROW

PavementPavement

ImageImage

PROTOCOL DEFINITION

A procedure for the objective measurement of a pavement characteristic which defines a minimum standard and a set of parameters regarding the type, precision, quantity, location, reporting, and quality of a measurement to be made

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

ROAD ROUGHNESS

"ROAD ROUGHNESS IS THE IRREGULARITIES IN THE PAVEMENT SURFACE AFFECTING USER COMFORT AND SAFETY”

DUE TO VARIATIONS IN HORIZONTAL, VERITICAL, AND TRANSVERSE PROFILES

RIDE QUALITY - USER PERCEPTION OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS

IRI ROUGHNESS PROTOCOL

IRI is calculated from longitudinal profile measured with a road profiler in both wheelpaths. The average IRI of the two wheelpaths is reported as the roughness of the pavement section.

International Roughness Index (IRI) - The IRI is computed from a single longitudinal profile using a quarter-car simulation

Little Book of Profiling

High Speed Profiler

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

Surface Distress

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS

DATA COLLECTION

CONTINUOUS - WINDSHIELD SURVEY(COMPUTER RATER KEYBOARD, and VIDEO)

DESCRIPTION

TYPE OF DISTRESS (Cracking, Patching, Rutting)SEVERITY (Crack Width, Condition Assessment)EXTENT (Length, Area, % of Length or Area)

Surface distress is damage observed on the pavement surface.

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS

LOAD ASSOCIATED vs. Non-LOAD ASSOCIATED LOCATION

12 ft

1.75 ft 2.5 ft 2.5 ft3.5 ft 1.75 ft

Wheel path Wheel path

Distress Identification Manual

for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program

http://www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/ltpp/reports/03031/index.htm

NJDOT Version

FATIGUE CRACKING

Level 2Level 3

CL

Shoulder

CenterArea

Inside Wheelpath

Outside Wheelpath

MISCELLANEOUS CRACKING

CL

Shoulder

FatigueMiscellaneous

OutsideWheel Path

Center Area

InsideWheel Path

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS

BITUMINOUS and COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS

*

CRACKINGFATIGUEBLOCKEDGELOGITUDINALTRANSVERSEREFLECTIONPATCH AND PATCH CONDITIONPOTHOLES

*

***

*

SURFACE DEFORMATIONRUTTINGSHOVING

*

SURFACE DEFECTSBLEEDINGWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPINGPOLISH AGGREGATESRAVELING

MISCELLANEOUSSHOULDER CONDITION

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

CRACKINGCORNER BREAKSDURABILITY ("D" CRACKING)LOGITUDINALTRANSVERSE

*

*

SURFACE DEFECTSMAP CRACKINGSCALINGPOPOUTSPOLISH AGGREGATES

JOINT DEFECTSJOINT SEAL DAMAGESPALLING OF LOGITUDINAL/TRANSVERSE JOINTS

*

MISCELLANEOUSBLOWUPS FAULTING OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS AND CRACKSLANE-TO-SHOULDER DROPOFF OR SEPARATIONLANE-TO-LANE SEPARATIONPATCH/PATCH DETERIORATIONWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPING

*

*

*

*

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS RATER KEYBOARD

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

SeverityBC/CO None Slight Moderate Severe

LOGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE FATIGUE Shoulder Condition

Patch Condition

Saved at 52.8 foot increments

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS RATER FORM

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

SeverityBC/CO None Slight Moderate Severe

LOGITUDINAL TRANSVERSE FATIGUE Shoulder Condition

Patch Condition

Summary for Street Link

Distress Data Collection

Visual survey Laser technology Film-based systems Video systems

Classes of Automated Data Collection

Distress images collected on film or high resolution video and:– analyzed while the vehicle collects data– analyzed in the office after data collection– analyzed after data collection by viewing the

images Lasers are used to determine changes in

surface texture

Automated Distress Surveys

Increase speed and ease of data collection

Reduce transcription errors Increase consistency between

classification and quantification Increase safety of field crews

Automated Distress Surveys

• Collect pavement images

• Analyze images

35 mm analog continuous film technology

Automated Distress Surveysdigital camera technology

Automated Distress Surveys

• Collect pavement images

• Automated Analyze images

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

Rutting

Rutting

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

3-5 Point Measurement

Rut DepthD D

D=+

-2 312

D2D

1D3

RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENT

WPL WPR

RD

Laser Rut Measurement Systems

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

Skid Resistance

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

SKID RESISTANCESAFETY

DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACE (BASED ON SPEED)

DATA COLLECTION

CONTINUOUS - ASTM E274 (LOCK WHEEL) SKID TRAILER

slip friction

Structural EvaluationNon-Destructive Testing

GPR

Rolling Weight Deflectometer

Ground Penetrating Radar NCHRP Synthesis 255

Ground Penetrating Radar for Evaluating Subsurface Conditions for Transportation Facilities

• Asphalt layer thickness determination: GPR results are used to estimate thickness to within 10 percent and thicknesses of up to 0.5 m are accurately measured

• Base thickness determination: thicknesses are estimated, provided that there is a dielectric contrast between the base and subgrade

The best results occur when subgrade is made up of clay soils which are highly conductive compared to sands or gravels

Ground Penetrating Radar NCHRP Synthesis 255

Ground Penetrating Radar for Evaluating Subsurface Conditions for Transportation Facilities

• Concrete thickness determination: depth constraints and accuracy are not yet well defined. This is because portland cement concrete attenuates GPR signals more than asphalt, PCC conductivity changes as the cement hydrates, slabs that contain steel make interpretation more difficult

• Void detection: GPR has detected air-filled voids as thin as 6 mm, while the detection of water-filled voids is more problematic

GPR Basics

Antenna Antenna

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

Structural CapacityProject Level PMS

Structural EvaluationDestructive Testing

Coring Laboratory testing Excavation of pits Field CBR Dutch Cone Penetrometer

Structural EvaluationNon-Destructive Testing

Benkelman Beam

Dynaflect

Structural EvaluationNon-Destructive Testing

Road Rater

FWD

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

STRUCTURAL LOAD CAPACITYProject Level PMS

DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

DATA COLLECTION

DESTRUCTIVE - CORING/BORINGS/LAB TESTS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST – FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER (FWD)CONCRETE JOINT LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCYGROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Questions?