Paul - Potential for and Consequences of Nonattainment
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Transcript of Paul - Potential for and Consequences of Nonattainment
Potential for and Consequences of Nonattainment
John A. PaulRAPCA Administrator
Minnesota’s Clean Air DialogueApril 18, 2012
1
What I Will Talk About
Very brief background RAPCA Clean Air Act responsibilities National Ambient Air Quality Standards History of ozone and particulate matter
standards and where these are headed Consequences of nonattainment Ozone advance program
2
Background on RAPCA
Regional Air Pollution Control Agency Six-county local agency—Dayton, Ohio
Agency roots from the 1950’s under the City Health Department authority—Direct grant from
USEPA and annual contract with Ohio EPA One of nine local agencies in Ohio
History of nonattainment for ozone and particulate matter and currently borderline air quality for both
3
Clean Air Act Responsibilities Section 109 specifies EPA’s responsibility for
prescribing National Ambient Air Quality Standards “requisite to protect public health”
Section 107 specifies the states responsibility for assuring air quality standards are achieved and maintained
4
(3) that air pollution prevention (that is,the reduction or elimination, through anymeasures, of the amount of pollutants producedor created at the source) and air pollutioncontrol at its source is the primaryresponsibility of States and local governments;and
(4) that Federal financial assistance andleadership is essential for the development ofcooperative Federal, State, regional, and localprograms to prevent and control air pollution.
CLEAN AIR ACT FINDINGS AND PURPOSESSEC. 101. (a) The Congress finds--
5
National Ambient Air Quality Standards USEPA has promulgated NAAQS for ozone,
particulate matter, SO2, NO2, CO, and Lead NAAQS are reviewed every five years and
revised as appropriate Most recent health studies Better monitoring techniques
Clean Air Science Advisory Committee reviews data and makes recommendations to the Administrator
6
Revising Standards
U.S. EPA has been busy revising standards: 2006: 24-hr PM2.5
2008: Lead 2010: NO2, SO2
2008-2011: Ozone 2011: CO
More to come: 2012: PM2.5
2013-2014: Ozone
PM2.5
Ozone
SO2
NO2
7
Ozone Air Quality StandardTimeline Level (ppm) Measurement
Revision of New Standard probable in 2014
0.060 -0.070 Average of fourth highest concentration measured over a three year period
New Standard 0.075
Old standard 0.084
Old, Old standard 0.125 Not to be exceeded more than four times in a three year period
8
PM2.5 Air Quality Standard
• Annual standard – 15 ug/m3, averaged over a three year period
• 24-hour standard- 35 ug/m3• Anticipate revised standard proposed in 2012
and finalized in 2013. Annual standard could be lowered to 11-12 ug/m3
9
10
11
12
Ozone Standard of 70 ppb based on 2008-2010 Data
13
Ozone Standard of 65 ppb based on 2008-2010 Data
14
Ozone Standard of 60 ppb based on 2008-2010 Data
15
Ozone NAAQS: Minnesota
East Beth
el
Anoka A
irport
Detroit L
akes
Cloquet
Brainerd
Stanto
n Ely
Mars
hall
Mille
Lacs
Rocheste
r
Voyageurs
Duluth
Shakopee
St. Cloud
Stillwate
r
St. M
ichael
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
6365
60
54
61 6158
6359 60
62
49
6058
63 62
Preliminary Ozone NAAQS Design Values, 2009-2011
2009-2011* NAAQS
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
Includes all data through 2011 ozone season, but July – October data is preliminary
Daily PM2.5 NAAQS Design Values 2008-2010
Apple Valley
Mpls-Phillips
Shakopee
St. Louis Park
St. Paul -Harding
St. Paul -RHC
Duluth -Lincoln
Duluth -WDSERochester
St. Cloud Virginia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
31 31
29 29
3736
2221
31
26
17
PM2.
5 Co
ncen
trati
on (µ
g/m
3)
Estimated Daily PM2.5 NAAQS Design Values 2009-2011*
* Through September 30, 2011. Preliminary and subject to change.
Apple
Valley
Blaine
Mpls
-Phil
lips
Shako
pee
St. Lo
uis P
ark
St. Pau
l - H
ardin
g
St. Pau
l - R
HC
Duluth
-Linc
oln
Duluth
-WDSE
Roche
ster
St. Clou
d
Virgini
a0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
30.5
24.3
29.6
27.9
29.2
32.933.7
21.1
19.3
31.1
26.7
16.5
98th Percentile Max observed NAAQS
Con
cent
ratio
n (µ
g/m
3)
Dark blue: 1:3 day sampling 2 high values to reach max
Light Blue: Daily Sampling 6 high values to reach max
Trends in Ozone and PM2.5
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 200940
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Standard O3 PM2.5 - A PM2.5 - D
Per
cent
of
Sta
ndar
dTrends in Key Air Pollutants in the Twin Cities Metro Area:1999-2009
20
Requirements for Ozone Areas - CAAA
Emission inventory due in 2 yrs; requirements for emission statements due in 2 yrs; periodic inventoriesRACT corrections due in 6 months; I/M corrections, immediately
New Source Review (NSR) program due 2 years (corrections to existing, also)Plan for 15% VOC reduction within 6 years is due in 3 years
RACT: Existing & future CTG’s & RACT on major sources (existing due in 2 years)Stage II gasoline vapor recovery due in 2 years
Basic I/M (if not already required) due immediatelyDemonstration of attainment in 4 years
Plan for 3% annual average reductions due in 4 yearsEnhanced I/M due in 2 years
Clean fuel program due in 4 years (if applicable)VMT demonstration due in 6 years (TCM program if needed)
Specific NSR requirements for modifications to existing sources
Measures to offset VMT growth (108(f) measures) due in 2 yrsContingency measures if miss milestone
Requirement for fee on major sources if fail to attainNo waivers from 15% or 3% reduction requirements
Clean fuels requirement for boilers (plan in 3 years)Traffic controls during congested periods
Marginal
Moderate
Serious
Severe
Extreme
21
Requirements for Ozone Areas - CAAA Requirements for all nonattainment areas
Nonattainment New Source Review Emissions offsets Lowest Achievable Control Technology
Additional requirements for moderate nonattainment areas are the ones you really want to avoid Inspection/maintenance of vehicles 15% reduction in inventory Stage 2 vapor recovery at gasoline dispensing
stations
22
Sources of Urban Air Pollution Mobile Sources (Vehicles)
On road Off road Small engines
Small stationary sources Residential burning Small commercial/Industrial
Large stationary sources
What are area and Mobile Sources?
National Control Measures National Control of EGUs
CAIR or CSAPR or replacement Mercury and Air Toxics Standards GHG NSPS
National Control of LDVs Tier 3 standards Sulfur in fuel reductions
25
Avoiding Nonattainment
Support national control measures Encourage multi-pollutant controls, especially
on new sources Incentivize replacement/renewal projects that
increase efficiency and reduce air pollution Participate in USEPA’s Ozone Advance
program
26
Ozone Advance Program Ozone Advance is a collaborative effort by EPA, states,
tribes, and local communities to encourage emission reductions in ozone attainment areas, to help them continue to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).
Program Goals: Help attainment areas take action in order to keep ozone levels
below the level of the standard to ensure continued health protection,
Better position areas to remain in attainment, Efficiently direct available resources toward actions to address
ozone problems quickly.
27
Ozone Advance State, tribal, and/or local governments can participate in
Ozone Advance if they meet the basic program eligibility criteria: The area(s) with respect to which the state, tribe, and/or local
government is signing up is/are not designated nonattainment for either the 1997 8-hour or the 2008 ozone NAAQS.
The state, tribe, and/or local government must generally identify the area(s) with respect to which they are signing up.
Where possible, states, tribes, and/or local governments should identify and be able to report on the air monitor(s) that reflect the air quality in the area(s).
Required emissions inventory reporting must have occurred prior to participation in Ozone Advance.
28
Ozone Advance Ozone Advance promotes local actions to reduce ozone precursors
in attainment areas to help these areas continue to maintain the ozone NAAQS. The program encourages states, tribes, and local governments to take proactive steps to keep their air clean.
To apply for participation in Ozone Advance, an area should submit a brief sign-up letter. This letter should express the areas willingness to coordinate with EPA, state, tribal and/or local stakeholders and to quickly implement measures to reduce ozone. Each of the program eligibility criteria should be addressed. Specific measures do not need to be identified in the letter of intent, although if the applicant would like to highlight any existing measures and programs, they are welcome to do so. The letter should be signed by the appropriate state, tribal and/or local officials with the authority to implement the program and assist in leveraging staff and program funds as needed.
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Ozone Advance
EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/ozoneadvance/ Basic Information Eligibility Participation Ozone Flex Resources Frequent Questions
30
Questions?
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