Paul Ingmann and Pedro Baptista Earth Sciences Division ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk/NL

1st International Precipitation WG Workshop, Madrid, Spain 23 – 27 Sep 2002

Earth Sciences Division

European Contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (EGPM)

A new ESA Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission

Paul Ingmann and Pedro BaptistaEarth Sciences DivisionESA/ESTECNoordwijk/NL



The Elements of ESA’s EO Programme

• Individual Optional Missions

METEOSAT and METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) - with EUMETSAT

ERS-2

ENVISAT

METOP - with EUMETSAT

• Covered by the Earth Observation Envelope Programme

Earth Explorer and Earth Watch Missions



Earth Observation Future Missions

Earth Watch Earth Explorer

Core MissionsOpportunity

Missions

larger missions, ESA led

< 400 MEURO

smaller, faster missions, not necessarily ESA led

< 110 MEURO

research oriented, also demonstration of new observation techniques

operational, service oriented,or monitoring missions

The Earth Explorer Missions



CRYOSAT

Phases C/D/E1 startedLaunch 2004

Opportunity-1

SMOS

Extended Phase A ongoingLaunch 2005

Opportunity-2

GOCE

Phases C/D/E1 startedLaunch 2006

Core-1

ADM/Aeolus

Lidar pre-development on-goingPhase B started in July 2002Launch 2007

Core-2

Current Situation of the Earth Explorer Missions

Homepage: http://www.esa.int/livingplanet



Three Earth Explorer Core Mission Concepts selected for Phase A study:

• EarthCARE – Earth clouds aerosol and radiation explorer

• SPECTRA – surface processes and ecosystems changes through response analysis

• WALES - water vapour lidar experiment in space

The Earth Explorer Core Missions: 2nd Cycle



EarthCARE Science Objectives

EarthCARE has been specifically defined with the scientific objectives of determining for the first time, in a radiatively consistent manner, the global distribution of vertical profiles of cloud and aerosol field characteristics to provide basic essential input data for numerical modelling and global studies of:

• divergence of radiative energy,

• aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction,

• vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds,

• the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions.

The Earth Explorer Core Missions

Core elements: cloud radar, backscatter lidar plus MSI, BBR, FTS



First active humidity profiler in space

To determine profiles of water vapour accurately and at high vertical resolution from space with global coverage

The Earth Explorer Core Missions

WALES Science Objectives

CORE ELEMENT:

Nadir-viewing water vapour DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) System



Background to EGPM

EuroTRMM: Participants

EuroTRMM co-funded by European Commission and European Space Agency.

Data ‘Processors’:

CETP/CNRS (F) Radar (PR) algorithms, airborne campaigns and validation

IFA (I) Radiometer (TMI) algorithms

DLR (D) Radiometer (TMI) algorithms

U. Munich (D) Imager (VIRS) algorithms

Univ. Essex (UK) Volume scattering, ground-based radar algorithms

UCL (B) Sea-surface scattering

RAL (UK) Ground-based radar validation data

GPCC/DWD (D) Ground-based rain-gauge data

Data Users:

ECMWF Data assimilation

MPI (D) Convection scheme (regional model)



EuroTRMM: Work Structure

Data

User RequirementsECMWF

Scattering ModelsUCL & U. Essex

Field CampaignsCETP &RAL

Adaptation & validation of existing algorithms

CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich

Development & validation of synergetic algorithms

CETP, DLR, IFA & U. Munich

Rain-gauge dataGPCC & MPI



EuroTRMM: Work Structure (cont.)

Development & validation of convection schemes

(regional models)MPI

Production & delivery of TRMM precipitation

fields for validationCETP & IFA

Assimilation of TRMM precipitation data

ECMWF

Development & validation a new SSM/I algorithm for climatological applications

DLR

Data



EuroTRMM: Conclusions

ECMWF will start operational data assimilation in 2003

Impact of the assimilation of TRMM rain rates on ECMWF forecasts for tropical wind at 850 hPaSame impact as the one obtained by doubling the resolution of the model



EGPM and EuroTRMM

• EuroTRMM has proven very useful for the exploitation of TRMM data

• EuroTRMM has been an essential building block in preparation of EGPM

• Members of EuroTRMM team proposed EGPM to ESA

• Key members of EuroTRMM are also members of the EGPM-MAG

Ensures continuity



25 Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Concepts submitted (by early 2002)

Addressing all Earth science disciplines including atmospheric chemistry, physics, land, ocean/ice. Evaluation on-going – final scientific recommendation by the ESAC.

Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions: 2nd Cycle

The Earth Explorer Opportunity Missions

3 missions recommended for Phase A study:

1. ACE+ - radio occultation constellation mission2. EGPM – European contribution to GPM3. SWARM – magnetosphere mission



EEOM - Assessment of EGPM

• Availability of fresh water is so dominant for human development.

• Mission is a major European contribution to the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM).

• EGPM features additional deliverables that are needed at high latitudes (such as Europe and Canada); achieved by extending the microwave radiometer measurements to higher frequencies ensuring the capability to measure snowfall.

• As an option, a 36 GHz radar to improve the accuracy of the precipitation retrieved from the microwave radiometer is considered.




The EGPM-MAG - Members

Member Affiliation

Alberto Mugnai ISAC/CNR

Jacques Testud CETP

Peter Bauer ECMWF

Chris Kidd University of Birmingham

Giorgio Roth University of Genoa and Basilicata

Maria del Carmen Llasat University of Barcelona

[N.N.] USA

[N.N.] Japan

• EOEP – user driven programme• Missions supported by mission advisory groups (MAGs)




EGPM Overall Planning

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

detailed design and performance consolidation

PHASE A system studiesITTPart 1 PCRPart 2 PRRPart 3

Supporting activities

MAG meetings

MCR

2002 2003 2004




•Space Segments

•Ground Segments

•Research

•Dissemination

The EGPM MissionPartnership Opportunity

Archive

VirtualGroundStation

Primary

Constellation

SSMIS (2)TDRSS

InternationalPartners

White Sands SSMIS Operations InternationalPartner Operations

Center

Global PrecipitationData Processing Center

NearReal-TimeRainfall

3-hrRainMap

ClimateData

IR DataAMSU

GP Data Broadcast Network

Global Precipitation Network

U.S.Mission

OperationsCenter

Validation Data

Europe

EGPM




The EGPM Mission– Observational Requirements Parameter Requirement

Horizontal Domain Global

Horizontal Resolution [km] 20

Vertical Domain [km] 0 – 15

Threshold Goal

Vertical resolution [km] TBD 0.5

(for mid-latitudes only) Liquid Solid

Dynamic range [mm/h] 0.1 to 100 0.1 to 20

Precipitation rate accuracy Threshold Goal Threshold

Precipitation rate < 1 mm/h [%] 100 50 TBD

1 < precipitation rate < 10 mm/h [%] 50 25 TBD

Precipitation rate > 10 mm/h [%] 25 10 TBD

Data Reliability > 95%

Observation cycle [hour] < 3 (*)

Threshold Goal

Data Delivery (global) [hour] < 4 <2

Data Delivery (Europe) [hour] < 0.25


(*) requires GPM constellation



The EGPM Mission - Data Users

Three different classes of users can be identified: Near-real-time users (‘nowcasting’) Operational meteorology users Research oriented users

• The first group requires delivery within 15 minutes for issuing e.g. warnings (raw data dumps, Level 0)

• The second group for operational applications require the Level 1b data product in near real-time (< 4 hrs after the observation) throughout the mission

• For research applications, any processing level may be required, from level 0 data to Level 2 – strong link to other GPM partners.

Level 0 and Level 1b data products should be archived for 10 years (or more) to allow re-analysis. Data should be available to the international scientific user community on request.




EGPM System – Observation Requirements

• Sun-synchronous orbit Equator crossing time 14:30 LST (TBC)

• Global coverage (tropical to polar while focus on mid-latitudes)

• Altitude 635 km (passive only) or 510 km (passive and active) (TBC)

• Coverage to be optimised for Europe (in space and time)

• Instrument foot prints and allowed horizontal integration length are assumed to satisfy the mission requirements (coverage, spatial and temporal resolution)

• Only a posteriori geo-location, horizontal location error better than 2 km (TBC)

• 3 years mission duration; satellite designed for a lifetime of 5 yrs

• Launch date 2008-2012




EGPM – Payload RequirementsRadiometer – Baseline Channels

Frequency [GHz]

Freq. stability [MHz]

Bandwidth [GHz]

EFOV [km2]

Polarisation Required NEΔT [K]

Absolute accuracy

[K] 18.7 10 0.2 26×26 H+V 0.5 0.5 23.8 10 0.4 26×26 V 0.5 0.5 36.5 100 1.0 14×8.5 H+V 0.5 0.5

89.0 (*) 50 3.0 7×7 H+V 1.0 1.0 157.0 (*) 50 3.0 7×7 H+V 1.0 1.0

(*) = channel should provide contiguous and concentric coverage along and across track




Overall ESA Earth Observation Launch Schedule

Sep-02

ENVISAT

Meteosat Second

METOP

Gravity Mission (GOCE)

Atmospheric Dynamics

Cryosat

SMOS

EEOM-1

EEOM-2

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010C/D

C/D

Launch 1

Launch 1 Launch 2

Launch

C/D

LaunchC/D C/D Launch

C/D Launch

LaunchC/D

B C/D Launch

Launch 2

Launch

Launch

B

B

C/D

C/D



Conclusions• Major contribution to ‘precipitation’ from EGPM, one of the forthcoming Earth Explorer missions• Other missions in preparation by ESA in the context of the Earth Explorers providing relevant observations also getting implemented:

The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (for transports) - Core mission

CRYOSAT (polar ice thickness) - Opportunity mission

SMOS (soil moisture and ocean salinity) - Opportunity mission

Plus two of the three candidate Earth Explorer Core missions, EarthCARE and WALES.

(ESA Earth Observation WEB Portal - http://www.esa.int/livingplanet)

Paul Ingmann and Pedro Baptista Earth Sciences Division ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk/NL

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