PAU REVISION: LINKING WORDS EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH + SENTENCE (subject + verb) Even though it was raining, …

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN or ING Despite the rain, …

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + THE FACT THAT + SENTENCE (subject + verb) Despite the fact that it was raining, …

*Do not forget the commas in initial position. Furthermore, … For example, … Nevertheless, …

1) Connectors. Choose the correct answer. a) Although / In spite of/ Even though being 70 years old, she leads a very active life. b) This is a wonderful museum for children. On the contrary / Whereas / Besides having wonderful exhibits, they allow the children to touch everything. c) Spain exports olives and wine in addition / as well as / such as cars. d) Moreover / Whereas / Apart from Mary, no one from our class turned up at the meeting. e) We read all the reports in order to /because of / so that we could decide what to do. f) I won´t forgive you in spite of / nevertheless /however your apology. g) We’re studying now despite / even though there's an interesting film on TV. h) I’d like to talk to you although / in spite of I know you’re busy. i) Despite / Although her efforts, she failed the exam. j) Even though / In spite of we were having difficulties, we felt optimistic. k) We didn’t win the game although / in spite of all all our hard work.

2) CONSTRAST 1 ........ he's been really ill lately, he insists on going into work. Even though - Even if - Even when 2 I'll never forget you, ........ I live to be 100. even if - even though - even when 3 We decided to go to Italy for our holiday, ........ it meant we needed to get our passports renewed. despite - despite the fact that -in spite of 4 She decided to travel by plane ........ being very scared of flying. in spite of - despite the fact - despite that

5 I'm not going out tonight. ........, I can see you tomorrow if you like. Although - However - Yet 6 ........ the car was quite old, it was still very reliable. Since - Yet - Although 7........ to the party they had last year, this one is great. Contrary - In contrast - On the contrary 8 I do not agree with the criticism that her latest film is disappointing. ........, I find it one of her best pieces of work so far. In contrast - Contrary - On the contrary

3) ADITION 1........ to being late with your repayments, you have also failed to reply to our letters. Furthermore - In addition - As well as 2 We have decorated all the rooms in the flat ........ tidying up the garden. as well as - furthermore - in addition 3 The Government have banned the sale of the product. ........, they have threatened the company with legal action. As well as - Furthermore - Besides 4........ being the chairman of the company she is also a regular member of several public organisations. Equally - Besides - Moreover 5 Studying a second language can help you in your career. ........, it will also enable you to meet new people. Moreover - Anyway - As well 6........ the many books he wrote, he was also well known for his work with charities. In addition to - Furthermore - Moreover 7 I don't want to go out in this weather. ........, there's a really good film on TV tonight. Moreover - In addition - Besides 8 I don't want to see them tonight. ........, they were supposed to call us earlier. In addition - Anyway - Moreover

4) PURPOSE OR REASON. 1. Because of the accident on the motorway, motorists are advised to use an alternative route. (consequence) Motorists should find an alternative route ........ an accident on the motorway.

2. I'm going to night school so that I can improve my German. (order) I'm going to night school ........ improve my German.

3. The captain won't be playing today because of a bad injury. (due) ........ that the captain has a bad injury, he won't be playing today.

4. He changed jobs because he wanted to be nearer to home. (order) ........ he could be nearer to home he changed jobs.

5. We phoned the hotel to complain as we'd had such terrible service. (because) We phoned the hotel to complain ........ the bad service we'd had.

5) TIME 1........ I didn't really enjoy the course, but after a while I really started to enjoy it. In the beginning - At the beginning 2 ........ of the film the main character arrives in town looking for somewhere to stay. In the beginning - At the beginning 3 We waited ages for a bus. ........ we decided to walk home. Eventually - At last 4 The audience waited patiently for the delayed performance to start. ........ the curtain rose. Lastly - At last 5 I waited for you ........ 10.00. I finally decided you weren't coming. before - until 6 I managed to get the house tidy ........ my parents got home. before - until 7 ........ had I gone to bed than I heard the phone ring. Hardly - As soon as 8 I played a lot of tennis ........ I was on holiday. during - while

6) Choose the correct connector: 1. Lorena seems to be quite clever. ......., she often gets low marks. Nevertheless / Furthermore 2. The service at this restaurant is excellent. .........., the food is delicious. However / In addition 3. I've never been to Argentina, .........having relatives there. as well as / despite 4. Jordi is a careful driver. .........., he’s had several accidents.? Moreover / However 5. Cristina loves playing sport, ........ she’s not very good at it. and / but 6. Anna is talented at music.......... art. as well as / in spite of

7) Complete with: if | but | in spite of | however | as | until

1) He is a great footballer, …. he prefers to play hockey. 2) I saw Martin … I was getting off the bus. 3) We won't know his opinion … we get a letter from him. 4) Nobody will like the boy … he doesn't become more friendly. 5) He wants to buy a BMW …the fact that he doesn't have much money. 6) … rich you are, you cannot buy love.

Rewrite the following sentences using the connector in brackets. 1. Isabel apologised several times. Nevertheless, Pau wouldn’t speak to her. (but)

2. We decided to walk even though it was raining. (in spite of)

3. Roger works very hard to help his parents. He’s also a good student. (In addition) (Two different sentences)

4. I’m keen on Ice cream. In addition, I’m keen on chocolate. (as well as)

5. You’re late again. Furthermore, you haven’t brought your books. (and)

6. On the one hand, I’d love to come. On the other hand, I really haven’t got the time. (However)

7. Rome is a great place to visit, but it has got terrible traffic problems. (despite)