Patterns in the Sky: Constellation
-
Upload
rachel-espino -
Category
Education
-
view
1.903 -
download
16
Transcript of Patterns in the Sky: Constellation
![Page 1: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PATTERNS IN THE SKYTeacher’s Guide for Discussion
Lesson 3.2: ConstellationGrade 9, Quarter 3
Ma. Rachel B. EspinoTeacher I
Buhatan NHS; Sorsogon City
![Page 2: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Observers in ancient times imagined group of stars that form pictures of animals, objects and people. These imaginary group of stars are called CONSTELLATIONS.
![Page 3: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Many of these constellations have names that can be traced back to early Babylonians and Greek civilizations, but nearly all cultures have different names for constellations. For example, the Greek called the large constellation Orion which means hunter and is prominent in the night sky all over the world in winter. Early Filipinos visualized the same group of stars as Balatik, a trap used in hunting wild pigs. Christian Filipinos named the three stars (at Orion’s belt) Tatlong Maria or Tres Marias.
![Page 4: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Do you see the
hunter?
![Page 5: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
This is how the
constellation looks like
![Page 7: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Orion: The
Hunter
![Page 8: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Orion: The
Hunter
Betelgeuse
Rigel
Tatlong Maria
![Page 9: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The POLARISPolaris, commonly known as the North Star,
is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper). It is very close to the North Celestial Pole, making it the current northern pole star.
Polaris stands almost motionless in the sky and all the stars of the Northern sky appear to rotate around it.
![Page 10: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
In the Philippines, to locate Polaris, face North and locate the Big Dipper. Two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Big Dipper are called pointer stars because they seem to point to Polaris.
![Page 12: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
We see different star patterns through the yearWhile the rotation of the Earth on its axis
caused the apparent nightly movement of the stars across the sky , the revolution is responsible for the fact that we can see different parts of the sky at different parts of the year.
An observer from Earth will be able to see the stars on the night side. The stars on the same side as the sun cannot be seen because sunlight overpowers all the starlights.
![Page 13: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
During summer, in the Philippines, the constellations of Orion and Taurus are not visible at night. They will be visible again as the cold season begin. During that time, Scorpius will not be seen in the night sky.
As the Earth revolves around its orbit, the stars that were concealed by the bright light of the Sun in the previous months will appear in the night sky.
![Page 14: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Examples of Constellations
![Page 15: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What form
do you see?
![Page 16: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Do you see a bull?
![Page 17: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Taurus: The Bull
![Page 18: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Taurus: The Bull
Aldebaran
Pleiades (star cluster, made up of seven stars)
![Page 19: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What form do you see?
![Page 20: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Do you see a
scorpion?
![Page 21: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scorpius: The
Scorpion
![Page 22: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scorpius: The
Scorpion
![Page 23: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What form do you see?
![Page 24: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Do you see a
woman?
![Page 25: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Virgo: The
Maiden
![Page 26: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Virgo: The
Maiden
![Page 27: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What do you see?
![Page 28: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Do you see a
horse?
![Page 29: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pegasus: The
Winged Horse
![Page 30: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pegasus: The
Winged Horse
![Page 31: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Suggested Additional Teaching/ Instructional ToolDownload “Stellarium” at www.stellarium.org
this software renders a 3D photo-realistic skies in real time with OpenGL. It displays stars, constellations, planets, nebulae and others things like ground, landscape, atmosphere, etc.
Tip: Identify the type of software in your PC (e.g.: Linux, Windows 32 bit, Windows 64 bit, etc.) for an efficient and faster download.
![Page 32: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
STAR PATTERNS IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Manila Night Sky)
![Page 33: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CONSTELLATION SEEN IN MANILA (March Night Sky 9 PM)
![Page 34: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CONSTELLATION SEEN IN MANILA (June Night Sky 9 PM)
![Page 35: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CONSTELLATION SEEN IN MANILA (September Night Sky 9 PM)
![Page 36: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CONSTELLATION SEEN IN MANILA (December Night Sky 9 PM)
![Page 37: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Suggested VideosPictures in the sky: the origin and history of
the constellations ( a conference with Dr. Ian Ridpath of the Royal Society of Science; it shows the description of some known constellation along with a brief history/ mythology about it)http://youtu.be/nZm-QaKqS-Y
![Page 38: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
HOW EARLY PEOPLE USED THE CONSTELLATIONS
![Page 39: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The first use for constellations was probably religious. People thought that the gods lived in the heavens and that they created them. Many cultures believed that the positions of the stars were their God's way of telling stories. So it seemed natural to recognize patterns in the sky, give them names, and tell stories about them. We inherited the names for our constellations from the Greeks. And they named the constellations after their mythological heroes and legends. So behind every constellation there is a story. For example, to the ancient Greeks, Orion was a great hunter. He was the son of Neptune (god of the sea). But the same stars were considered to depict Osiris by the Egyptians. Each different culture developed their own interpretation.
![Page 40: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
While constellations were associated with religion, they also have practical uses. Before the calendars, people had no way of determining when to sow or harvest except by looking at these patterns in the sky. Ancient people developed a way to remember the patterns by giving them names and stories.
![Page 41: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
For example, in the northern hemisphere, the constellation Orion indicates the coming of cold season. The constellations made it easier for them to recognize and interpret patterns in the sky. For example, Gemini is seen in the Philippines during the months of April and May. Farmers interpreted the appearance of Gemini as the end of the planting season and it signified rich harvest.
![Page 42: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
GEMINI
![Page 46: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Table 1: Stars and Constellations Used by Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon
Local Name Month of Appearance
Related Agricultural
Activity
Western Equivalent
Baha December to February
Learing of forest
Taurus
Pandarawa January Start of planting what kind of crops to be planted
Pleiades
Balatik February Start of planting and setting of traps to protect the crops from animals
Orion’s Belt
![Page 47: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Local Name Month of Appearance
Related Agricultural Activity
Western Equivalent
Malihe March Planting of rice, corn or vegetables
Gibbang April and May End of planting season; signifies rice harvest
Gemini
Malara May Stop planting Canis MinorLepu Late May Time to clean
or clear the fields while waiting for harvest time
Aquila
Buwaya June Start of rainy season
![Page 48: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Illustration of constellation used by Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon
Taurus (Baha) Pleiades (Pandarawa)
![Page 49: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Orion’s Belt (Baha) Gemini (Gibbang)
![Page 50: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Canis Minor (Malara) Aquila (Lepu)
![Page 51: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Another use of constellations was in navigation. The Polaris is widely used in navigation because it does not change its position at any time of the night or year. Also, one can figure out his/her latitude just by looking at how high Polaris appears in the night sky. This allowed sailors to find their way as they sail across the seas.
![Page 52: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The constellations are used today by astronomers to determine the location and name of the stars. When astronomers go to conferences they like to share their research with others. And usually they will want to tell someone which stars or objects they may be looking at. If they just give the coordinates (numbers) the other person is not likely to have an immediate idea of where the star is located in the sky. But if you say that the star's name is Alpha Tau then you will know that is the brightest star in the Taurus constellation. The stars are named based on the constellation they are in (all stars are in some constellation). The naming goes from brightest to dimmest star and is designated by the Greek alphabet. For example Beta Ori is the second brightest star in Orion (also called Rigel).
![Page 53: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The ZodiacThe sun, the moon, and the planets travel on a
set path through the sky known as the ecliptic as the Earth rotates. The list of 13 constellations they pass through are known as the stars of the Zodiac. The Zodiac constellations' names are:1. Capricorn 6. Cancer 11. Ophiuchus2. Aquarius 7. Leo 12. Sagittarius3. Aries 8. Virgo4. Taurus 9. Libra5. Gemini 10. Scorpio
![Page 54: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
In astronomy, the zodiacal constellations are a convenient way of marking the ecliptic (the Sun's path across the sky) and the path of the moon and planets along the ecliptic. Modern astronomy still uses tropical coordinates for predicting the positions the Sun, Moon, and planets, except longitude in the ecliptic coordinate system is numbered from 0° to 360°, not 0° to 30° within each sign.
![Page 55: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Astrologers use 12 of these constellations as signs of the Zodiac, omitting Ophiuchus, to make predictions. [Unlike astronomy, astrology is not a science. Signs differ from constellations, bearing only a loose reference to one another. The sign of Pisces, for instance, corresponds to the rise of the constellation of Aquarius. Ironically, if you are born under a particular sign, that constellation it is named for is not visible at night. Instead, the sun is passing through it around that time of year, making it a daytime constellation that can't be seen.
![Page 56: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Capricorn Aquarius
![Page 59: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Sagitarrius Pisces
![Page 60: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sagitarrius
![Page 61: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Aries Cancer
![Page 62: Patterns in the Sky: Constellation](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050613/58a2a7221a28ab0d0a8b6499/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Leo Ophiuchus