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Transcript of Patrick J. Woods, HQ AFSPC/A7AQ Yvette E. Arguijo, HQ AETC/A7CAN Hazmat Storage – 101 2007 Joint...
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Patrick J. Woods, HQ AFSPC/A7AQ
Yvette E. Arguijo, HQ AETC/A7CAN
Hazmat Storage – 1012007 Joint MAJCOM HMMP Workshop
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What we’ll cover…What we’ll cover…Determine how to
properly store typical Air Force Hazmats
(laboratories excluded)
Help reduce the most common
ESOHCAMP findings
$*#!
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Who this will help…Who this will help…
• HAZMART Operators and Shop Personnel who store Hazmats
• ESOH functionals, UECs, and others who inspect hazmat storage areas
Dummies is a Registered Trademark of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
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What we won’t cover…What we won’t cover…
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Have you ever felt…….Have you ever felt…….
…Like everyone is beating down your door to inspect you?
!!!
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Types of HazardsTypes of Hazards
• When we store materials, we are primarily
concerned with PHYSICAL HAZARD
• There are two kinds of hazards according to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200, HAZCOM Standard– Health– Physical
- Dukes of Hazzard
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Physical hazard means a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.(29 CFR 1910.1200)
Physical HazardPhysical HazardBook Definition
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Compatible StorageCompatible Storage
• Hazmats are stored by compatible physical hazardsphysical hazards to avoid possible mixing that may cause….– toxic gases to be
released– property damage– violent reactions– fire or explosions– personal injury or death
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#1 Finding: Incompatible Storage#1 Finding: Incompatible Storage
Most folks just don’t know howto determine the physical hazard
What da…?
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Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards
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Typical Physical HazardsTypical Physical Hazards
•Flammable•Combustibles•Corrosives•Oxidizers•Organic Peroxides•Various Compressed
Gases
LEARN TO RECOGNIZE THE HAZARD!
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Flammable and Combustibles
Flammable and Combustibles
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Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
• Most common hazard• Several agencies
define and classify flammable & combustible liquids– OSHA– NFPA– DOT
• AFOSH Stnd 91-501, Chapter 22 follows OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 and NFPA 30
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Flammability is determined by measuring a substances FLASH POINT
Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
……………………..
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• Flammables and Combustibles are divided by class
• You must know the class of a material because there are storage quantity restrictions depending on the class
(quantities later…)
Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
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OSHA, NFPA 30, AFOSH STD 91-501, Chapter 22
Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & CombustiblesClassificationsClassifications
Classification Term Flash Point and Boiling Point
Examples
Class IA Flammable Below 73°F
Boils below 100°F
Ether
Methane
Class IB Flammable Below 73°F
Boils above 100°F
Acetone, MEK, Toluene, Benzene, Methanol, Ethanol, Gasoline
Class IC Flammable Above 73°F
Boils below 100°F
Liquid Propane
Class II Combustible At or above 100°F Diesel, JP-8, Hydrazine
Class IIIA Combustible At or above 140°F JP-5
Class IIIB Combustible At or above 200°F Hydraulic Fluid, Lube Oil
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Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
Any material having a flash
point
below 100°F call it
FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLE
at or above 100°F call it
COMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE
Bottom Line:
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Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
This is not a transportation class…
DOT sets flammable at 140°F
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Oxygen – sustain combustion
+Heat (ignition source) – raise material
to ignition temp
+
FIREFIRE is Chemical Reaction
Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
Fire Triangle or Tetrahedron
Fuel or Combustible
Material=
Air
Hea
t
Fuel
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It’s the vapors stupid…it’s the
vapors!
Flammables & CombustiblesFlammables & Combustibles
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CorrosivesCorrosives
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A corrosive material is a highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue. Corrosives act either directly, by chemically destroying the part (oxidation), or indirectly by causing inflammation.
(29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A)
CorrosivesCorrosives
Book Definition
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CorrosivesCorrosives
Both ends of the pH scale are Corrosive…
…but high andlow pH’s are INCOMPATIBLINCOMPATIBLEE
also called Alkalineor Caustic
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You can look at their colors and know what they are…
CorrosivesCorrosives
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…Not so with CORROSIVES!…Not so with CORROSIVES!
Both acids and alkalines have thesame Corrosive Labelsame Corrosive Label
You must know what type ofCorrosive it is BEFORE storing!
Just because they have the same label does not mean they belong to the same Gang!
1 7 14Acid Alkaline
CorrosivesCorrosives
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Typical AF Corrosives
Typical AF Corrosives
BASEBASE
ACIDACID
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Corrosive Liquid, Acidic, Inorganic, N.O.S. (contains chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid)
Typical AF
Corrosives
Typical AF
Corrosives
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OxidizersOxidizers
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OxidizersOxidizers
Oxidizers are compounds which are capable of reacting with and oxidizing other materials (i.e., giving off oxygen).Source: http://safety.science.tamu.edu/oxidizers.html
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• The primary hazard lies in their ability to act as an oxygen source, and thus to readily stimulate the combustion of organic materials
OxidizersOxidizers
Air
Hea
t
Fuel
O2
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Oxidizer Precautions
Oxidizer Precautions
• Caution – don’t mix with organics
• Segregate from flammables and combustibles
• Signage on locker
OxidizersOxidizers
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Classification System for Oxidizing MaterialsClassification System for Oxidizing Materials
established by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 430, 2004) as a means to provide information on safe storage of liquid and solid oxidizing materials
OxidizersOxidizers
Class 4 An oxidizing material that can undergo an explosive reaction when catalyzed or exposed to heat, shock or friction.
Hydrogen Peroxide (>91% concentration)
Ammonium Perchlorate
Class 3 An oxidizing material that will cause a severe increase in the burning rate of combustible material with which it comes in contact or will undergo vigorous self-sustained decomposition when catalyzed or exposed to heat.
Calcium Hypochlorite (>51% by weight)
Class 2 An oxidizing material that will moderately increase the burning rate or which may cause spontaneous ignition of combustible material with which it comes in contact.
Chromium Trioxide (Chromic acid)
Potassium Permanganate
Class 1 An oxidizing material whose primary hazard is that it may increase the burning rate of combustible material with which it comes in contact.
Nitric Acid <70%
Strontium Chlorate
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Organic PeroxidesOrganic
Peroxides
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Organic PeroxidesOrganic Peroxides
An organic peroxide is any organic (carbon-containing) compound having two oxygen atoms joined together (-O-O-). This chemical group is called a "peroxy" group.Organic peroxides can be severe fire and explosion hazards.
- May also be toxic and corrosive - Strong Oxidizing agents
Source: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/organic/organic_peroxide.html
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• Primary hazard is that these hazmats have two of the three sides of the fire triangle: fuel (carbon) and O2 in the same compound
Organic PeroxidesOrganic Peroxides
Air
Hea
t
Fuel
• Only need slight heat, friction, mechanical shock or contamination with incompatible materials to burn•Potential to form explosive peroxides if safe storage times are exceeded or if stored improperly. Fuel
O2
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Organic PeroxidesOrganic Peroxides
• Most common used by the Air Force: Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP)– Keep cool– Do not extend shelf life –
dispose of when expired– Do Not Over Order– Disposal may be
expensive– Look for alternatives
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Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Compressed GasCompressed Gas
• Classifications– flammable– non-
flammable– oxygen – Poison
• Types– Liquefied– Dissolved– Cryogenic Compressed Gas Association is at
http://www.cganet.com
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• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.101(a) refers to the Compressed Gas Pamphlet published by the Compressed Gas Association
• Available on-line
• NOT Free
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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• Just because a gas is non-flammable does not mean it is not hazardous– Nitrogen– Argon– Helium– Carbon dioxide– Liquid carbon dioxide
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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OxygenOxygen• Oxygen is an oxidizer!
- Will accelerate burning of ignited materials
- Will even make some materials burn violently in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere even if they do not under normal conditions
• Keep combustibles and ignition sources away from areas where oxygen is used or stored.
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Compressed air is a potentially deadly non-flammable gas because:
Compressed air is a potentially deadly non-flammable gas because:
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
• Under pressure it supports and will accelerate burning
• As little as 10 pounds per square inch (psi) of compressed air entering a cut or body opening can cause death
• NOTE: Substituting pure oxygen for compressed air in supplied-air respirators can cause explosions
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Flammable GasFlammable Gas
• Highly flammable when mixed with air. Just a spark… – Hydrogen– Propane– Butane– Acetylene
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Handling & StorageHandling & Storage
• Marked with a color-coded, diamond-shaped label and a written warning label which includes the material's name, hazards and safety precautions
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
• Cylinders should be stored on end on a smooth floor. All cylinders should be chained or otherwise fastened firmly against a wall, post, or other solid object
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• Empty cylinders must be stored apart from full cylinders
• Group cylinders according to their hazard classification
• Store fuel-gas cylinders at least 20 feet away from oxidizers
• Storage should be set up away from heavy traffic
• Never leave cylinders outside in direct sunlight or near other sources of heat
Compressed GasCompressed GasHandling & StorageHandling & Storage
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Transporting/moving cylindersTransporting/moving cylindersUse a special dolly when moving cylinders that does not allow excessive movement, sudden or violent contacts to help prevent injury to yourself or
damage to the cylinder
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Transporting/moving cylindersTransporting/moving cylinders
• For short distance moving, a cylinder may be rolled on its bottom edge, but never dragged
• Cylinders should never be dropped or permitted to strike one another
Picture from www.slosipe.org/TRAIN/Mod33/pg6.htm
NOTE: Do not use a forklift to move cylinders
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Valves & CapsValves & Caps• Never force valve
connections• Always open a valve slowly
and point it away from yourself and others
• NEVER use the valve or cover to move or lift the cylinder
• Check that all valves are closed before moving a cylinder
• Protective caps must be kept on valves when not in use
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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LP Gas Tanks (NFPA 58, page 58)Public-Frequented Buildings:
• Max 200 lbs stored in one location
Non Public-Frequented Buildings:
• Max 735 lbs stored in one location
• 300 ft separation of storage areason same floor
Outdoor Storage:
• At least 5 ft from any doorway or opening in a building frequented by the public with two means of egress
• At least 10 ft from any doorway or opening in a building or sections of a building with only one means of egress
• At least 20 ft from any vehicle service station fuel dispenser
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Small Compressed Gas ContainersSmall Compressed Gas Containers
Compressed GasCompressed Gas
Do not store small compressed gas
bottles in flammable lockers with other
flammableshttps://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/News/
AF/Frontiers/V3_3/v3i3.htmlarticle by Dan Dresser, HQ AFSPC/CEVC
Store flammable aerosol cans on a dedicated shelf
XX
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Determining the Physical HazardDetermining the Physical Hazard
So How do I determine
the Physical Hazard of a material?
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First: Read the Label First: Read the Label
OSHA requires labels communicate
“appropriate hazard warnings”
29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(1)(ii)
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First: Read the Label First: Read the Label
What if the hazard isn’t on the label?
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Second: Read the MSDSSecond: Read the MSDS
• MSDSs unfortunately do not have a section that clearly states thePhysical Hazard
•You must INTERPRET the data!
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• Fire Section– Flash Point
• Physical Properties Section– pH
• Handling and Storage
• Stability– Incompatibles
Interpreting MSDSsInterpreting MSDSs
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MSDS: Fire SectionMSDS: Fire Section
What is the Flash
Point?
What is the Flash
Point?
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What is the pH?What is the pH?
Remember alkalines do not mix with
acids!
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Third: Other Markings HMIS® vs. NFPA Third: Other Markings HMIS® vs. NFPA
HMIS®
– National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA)
– HMIS® is a registered mark of the NPCA – HMIS® III changes
NFPA– National Fire Protection Association
HMIS® attempts to convey full health warning information to all employees while NFPA is meant primarily for fire fighters and other emergency responders
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NFPA & HMIS® LabelingNFPA & HMIS® Labeling
• HMIS® Label • NFPA Label
• Not found on all MSDSs• Not a definitive source for the
Physical Hazard…but still a clue
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HMIS®HMIS®
Change from Protective Equipment to Physical Hazard
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HMIS®HMIS®
Physical Hazard
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NFPA Special HazardsNFPA Special Hazards
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NFPA & HMIS Info on MSDSsNFPA & HMIS Info on MSDSs
HMISNFPA &
HMIS
No consistent display of info
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HMIS or NFPA?HMIS or NFPA?
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Who you gonna call?Who you gonna call?
When you just need a little
help or reassurance
about a decision on how to store
or handle HAZMATs
CALL YOUR TEAM!
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HMMP TeamHMMP Team
• Environmental Management• Bioenvironmental Engineering• Safety• Fire and Emergency Services
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Flammable Storage Lockers
Flammable Storage Lockers
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Flammable Storage CabinetsFlammable Storage Cabinets
2nd Most ESOHCAMP findings
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Cabinet & Material LimitsCabinet & Material Limits
• Not more than 120 Gallons of Class I (A, B, or C), Class II, and Class IIIA liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet • The combined total of
Class I (A, B, or C) and Class II liquids may not exceed 60 gallons per storage cabinet– Increased number of
smaller cabinets can be used but you may not exceed the gallons specified
• Not more than three such cabinets (120 gallons each) may be located in a single fire area except in an industrial area
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MarkingsMarkings
• Cabinets will be labeled with conspicuous lettering,
Wording is non-negotiable!
FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLEKEEP FIRE AWAYKEEP FIRE AWAY
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To Vent or not to Vent?To Vent or not to Vent?
• Not required but..• If vented – vent to outdoors• If not vented – leave bungs
IN
Inside of Cabinet
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Misc Locker RequirementsMisc Locker Requirements
• Construction requirements– Door latch– Retrofitting lockers
•Must meet the specification requirements stated inAFOSH 91-501
•Not recommended!
– 2 inch raised sill•Common finding: Users leave bottom shelf
on floor of locker negating the 2” raised sill
– Do NOT alter the locker by drilling holes such as to add additional security
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ResourcesResources
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Incompatibility ChartsIncompatibility Charts
• Got One hanging on your wall?• Great resource ….if you took it off the wall
and actually used it!
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DLA Instruction 4145.11, 13 Jan 99DLA Instruction 4145.11, 13 Jan 99• Storage and Handling of Hazardous
Materials• Joint regulation (AFJMAN 23-209) for
storing hazardous materials. This manual contains technical know-how for storage of hazmats, intended for warehouse (HAZMART) personnel.
• Excellent resource for understanding the physical hazards of hazmats and how to properly segregate them.
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Flammable and Combustibles Chapter 22
AFOSH STD 91-501, 7 Jul 04AFOSH STD 91-501, 7 Jul 04
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29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
• 1910.110 -Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases
• 1910.111 - Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia
• 1910.156 - Fuel handling and storage
• 1910.106 - Flammable and combustible materials
• 1910.176 - Handling materials – general
www.osha.gov
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Chemical Hazards Response
Information System (CHRIS)Chemical Hazards Response
Information System (CHRIS)
• The Hazardous Chemical Data Manual is intended for use primarily by the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) and by Regional Response Teams for devising, evaluating, and carrying out response plans
• Includes compatibility chart• List of Synonyms• http://www.chrismanual.com/Default.htm
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PicturesPictures
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HousekeepingHousekeeping
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Paper & Cardboard in Flam CabinetsPaper & Cardboard in Flam Cabinets
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Obscuring LabelsObscuring Labels
Be careful not to put a label over information on the container that makes it non-Hazcom compliant
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Improper StorageImproper Storage
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Open Tube – material spilling outOpen Tube – material spilling out
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Improper StorageImproper Storage
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Improper Cylinder StorageImproper Cylinder Storage
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Compressed GasCompressed Gas
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Batteries in Food FrigBatteries in Food Frig
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Leaking Packages - OutsideLeaking Packages - Outside
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Sloppy – Poor HousekeepingSloppy – Poor Housekeeping
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This isn’t Water!This isn’t Water!
Bottles says
“DON’T DRINK”
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IncompatiblesIncompatibles
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Leaking ContainersLeaking Containers
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Good Flammable Locker?Good Flammable Locker?
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Good JobGood Job
TagCreative Labeling
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SloppySloppy
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HousekeepingHousekeeping
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Batteries – poor storageBatteries – poor storage
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Mixed CorrosivesMixed Corrosives
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Shelf LifeShelf Life
June 1952!
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Unlabeled Squirt BottlesUnlabeled Squirt Bottles
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Mixed StorageMixed Storage
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Indoor StorageIndoor Storage
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Indoor StorageIndoor Storage
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Unlabeled ContainersUnlabeled Containers
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Consider the human element…Consider the human element…
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Meets regulation?Meets regulation?
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Things that make you go hmmmm… Things that make you go hmmmm…
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Use storage you have…Use storage you have…
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Perfect?Perfect?
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Cool!Cool!
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Don’t forget Spill PreventionDon’t forget Spill Prevention
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Making the most of shelf life…Making the most of shelf life…
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OMG!OMG!
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Any… burning… Questions?
Any… burning… Questions?