PATRICK DUFF, M.D.. OVERVIEW Small group teaching One-on-one teaching Providing feedback.
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Transcript of PATRICK DUFF, M.D.. OVERVIEW Small group teaching One-on-one teaching Providing feedback.
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PATRICK DUFF, M.D.
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OVERVIEWSmall group teaching
One-on-one teachingProviding feedback
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ClerkshipDirector
Residency DirectorBasic Science and Clinical Teacher
Assoc Dean forStudents
Parent
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MAXIMIZING TEACHINGKEY PREMISE
Presenting a lecture is the most EFFICIENT way to provide information to a large number of trainees
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MAXIMIZING TEACHINGKEY PREMISE
However, most adults learn more EFFECTIVELY in smaller groups or during one-on-one instruction
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGQuiet roomAppropriate lighting
Appropriate temperature
Adequate and comfortable seating
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHING
Avoid distractions
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGKnow the names of all participants
Insist that students prepare beforehand by reading and/or completing written exercises
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGEngage everyoneDo not let a single individual dominate the discussion
Present the question to everyone before asking someone to answer
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGProvide an overview
of the importance of the subject
Tie the discussion to the care of a particular patient
Correct inaccurate answers, but always in a positive wayTry to find some
kernel of truth in every response
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KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGStay within the allotted time period30 minutes for a formal lecture60 minutes for an interactive seminar
Provide a clear summary of the key points
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APPROPRIATE VENUES FOR ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Laboratory
ClinicOperating room
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KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGRecognize that time is limited
Accept that you do not have to teach everything at once
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KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGMake the student
commit to a diagnosis
Probe for additional knowledgeDifferential diagnosis
Complications resulting from the primary diagnosis
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KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGHave the
student identify the most useful laboratory/imaging tests to differentiate between the possible diagnoses
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KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Ask the student to explain the most appropriate treatment
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KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Correct obvious errors
Provide a capsule summary
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RECEPTIVENESS TO FEEDBACK“Honest criticism is hard to take, especially from a relative, friend, acquaintance, or stranger.”
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THE NECESSITY FOR FEEDBACKIn the absence of feedback, the student may mistakenly assume that he/she is “doing fine”
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
PrivateControlledEven tempered
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACKTimelyConsistentFrequentClearly identified
Descriptive, not evaluative
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
SpecificFocused on the behavior not the personality
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
Does not infer thoughts or feelings“What you did made
me feel bad.”Avoids personalizationAvoids emotionally-
charged words“Your work has been
worthless.”Avoids inflammatory
words
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACKCombined with praise for positive behaviorThe “feedback sandwich”
Avoid false praise
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CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
Provide constructive suggestions for improvement
Provide a clear timeline for re-assessment of performance
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CONCLUSIONSSmall group and
one-on-one instruction is preferred in most situations
Students must take active responsibility for the educational encounter
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CONCLUSIONSWe all learn better
when we are fully engaged in an interactive learning process
We all learn better in a supportive environment – keep the learner’s chin “up”
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CONCLUSIONSFeedback is an essential part of the educational process
Feedback must be private, timely, frequent, and constructive