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Tjtrogoj T`bips fb Gosnbres; jn jrt pjtren en j mossoen

Hy; Ljrbt` @jrros

V`b geiibgter tjics jheut `br ioab-ienl fbvetoen te Weut` Jmbrogjn jrt jnf jrtbajgts

Tjtrogoj T`bips fb Gosnbres jt t`b Xeyji Jgjfbmy ea Jrts on Ienfen

V`b siol`t, s`y wemjn sottonl on arent ea mb `js turnbf 84t`-gbntury jrt `ostery en

ots `bjf. Wug` jggeijfbs s`euif net hb lovbn iol`tiy, hut t`b Qbnbzubij-hern

geiibgter Tjtrogoj T`bips fb Gosnbres os j pjtren en j mossoen; te hronl mefbrn jnf

gentbmperjry jrt arem Ijton Jmbrogj te nbw jufobngbs, lovonl ot j pijgb on t`b

84t`-gbntury jrt gjnen t`jt `js, untoi new, hbbn femonjtbf hy mjker Burepbjn jnf

RW mevbmbnts jnf jrtosts.

V`b bx`ohotoen Xjfogji Lbembtry; Mefbrn Jrt ea Weut` Jmbrogj arem t`b Tjtrogoj

T`bips fb Gosnbres Geiibgtoen , `bif bjriobr t`os ybjr jt t`b Xeyji Jgjfbmy ea Jrts

on Ienfen, wjs j cby wbjpen on t`os Weut` Jmbrogjn jrt eaabnsovb, jomonl te s`ew

t`jt jhstrjgt jrt jnf sguipturb prefugbf on Hrjzoi, Qbnbzubij, Rrulujy jnf

 Jrlbntonj arem t`b :?74s te t`b :?<4s os js sep`ostogjtbf jnf solnoaogjnt js jny

jvjnt-ljrfb werc mjfb on Nert` Jmbrogj jnf jgress t`b Jtijntog.

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’_eu geuif net sbb t`b s`ew SXjfogji Lbembtry] wot`eut hrbjconl jii t`b prbvoeus

aeicierog stbrbetypbs jheut Ijton Jmbrogj3 t`brb os net j sonlib hjnjnj ongiufbf,”

quoppbf Gosnbres. V`b bx`ohotoen‟s ge-gurjter, Ljhrobi Tïrbz-Hjrrbore, sjys t`jt

t`b ’bxgotbmbnt jnf bnbrly ea t`b Nbw \erif jrb mjfb pjipjhib on t`b wercs”.  

@b wjs net bxjllbrjtonl. Jrlbntonb jrtost Kujn Mbiï‟s ’Orrbluijr Arjmb Ne. 8”

(:?61) hurst eut ea ots ungenvbntoenji, peiymerp`eus genaonbs (rbgtjnluijr arjmbs

wbrb gensofbrbf tee heurlbeos). V`b soivbr t`rbjfs ea Kbsûs Xjajbi Wete‟s ’Nyien

Guhb” onstjiijtoen (:??4) siogbf t`reul` t`b jor. Ot wjs tbmptonl te rbjg` eut jnf

teug` Iyloj Gijrc‟s auturost-onsporbf, aeifonl jiumonoum sguipturb ’Mjg`onb ‗ 

Mbfoum” (:?18). 

V`os spjrcy grbjtovb bt`es gembs jgress on Gosnbres. ’My monfsbt wjs gbrtjoniy

mjrcbf hy t`b werif t`jt O lrbw up on, Qbnbzubij on t`b :?24s, w`bn Gjrjgjs wjs

enb ea t`b lrbjt gotobs jienl wot` Hrjsíioj. V`bsb wbrb t`b mefbrnost gjpotjis ea t`b

werif. \b weuif sbb wercs hy Jibxjnfbr Gjifbr, Kbjn Jrp, Abrnjnf Iïlbr, jnf

iegji jrtosts iocb Kbsûs Xjajbi Wete jnf Jibkjnfre Etbre en t`b wjy te sg`eei.”  

‐Mjg`onb ‗ Mbfoum‟ (:?18) hy Iyloj Gijrc 

V`bsb fjys, `br vjst `eifonls bngempjss aovb fostongt geiibgtoens, ongiufonl

geienoji jrt grbjtbf on Qbnbzubij furonl t`b @ospjnog jnf Xbpuhiogjn pbroefs. V`b

Eronege geiibgtoen, mjoniy 84t`-gbntury bt`nelrjp`og mjtbroji, wjs geiibgtbf evbr74 ybjrs furonl bxpbfotoens on t`b Qbnbzubijn Jmjzenoj, w`bn Gosnbres jnf `br

`ushjnf Lustjve ehtjonbf ehkbgts forbgtiy arem onfolbneus gemmunotobs, sug` js

mjscs arem t`b Fb‟jruwj. 

W`b rbpertbfiy ewns jt ibjst 8,444 pobgbs on tetji hut aonfs ot `jrf te lovb j

numhbr. ’\ot` t`b Eronege geiibgtoen, aer bxjmpib, t`brb jrb `unfrbfs ea jrrews

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jnf aos` `eecs t`jt mjy net sbbm gempjrjhib te j pjontonl hy @ïioe Eotogogj, hut te

us t`by jrb jii bqujiiy ompertjnt js t`by rbprbsbnt membnts on t`b jrtostog jnf

sporotuji fbvbiepmbnt ea j guiturb.” 

V`b ’us” os j nef te Lustjve, g`jormjn ea t`b Gosnbres Lreup, j mbfoj, b -

gemmbrgb jnf prepbrty genliembrjtb aeunfbf on :?8? on Gjrjgjs. @b os wert`

$6hn, jggerfonl te Aerhbs3 fjul`tbr Jfrojnj os vogb-g`jormjn ea t`b lreup.

V`b geupib heul`t t`bor aorst werc en `enbymeen on :?<4. ’O ibjrnt j lrbjt fbji

arem my `ushjnf. @b wjs t`b aorst te tbjg` mb t`jt wb nbbf te ieec jt jii t`b

t`onls t`jt wb `jvb on gemmen rjt`br t`jn eur foaabrbngbs ... mug` ea Lus tjve‟s

husonbss ioab `js hbbn jgress herfbrs, jnf js j `ostery huaa `b rbjiiy unfbrstjnfs

t`b gempibx `osterogji njrrjtovbs t`jt wbjvb jgress Ijton Jmbrogj.” 

V`b pjor aeunfbf t`b nen-preaot Aunfjgo÷n Gosnbres jnf ots eaas`eet, t`b Nbw_erc- jnf Gjrjgjs-hjsbf Geibggo÷n Tjtrogoj T`bips fb Gosnbres (GTTG), on t`b

:?<4s. Ots hrbjft` ea jgtovotobs os omprbssovb. V`b GTTG jwjrfs lrjnts, puhios`bs

menelrjp`s, jrrjnlbs jrtost ontbrvobws, pep-up s`ews jnf sg`eijriy sbmonjrs, jnf

supperts jrtost-run spjgbs sug` js Wemj on Mbxoge, hy onvotonl iegji jrtosts te

fosguss t`bor pertaeioes wot` vosotonl gurjters.

Mbjnw`oib, t`b mjtbrojis usbf hy Ijton Jmbrogjn pestwjr jrtosts jrb t`b aegus ea j

 keont stufy onotojtbf wot` t`b Lbtty Gensbrvjtoen Onstotutb jnf Lbtty Xbsbjrg`

Onstotutb on Ies Jnlbibs (t`b rbsbjrg` woii onaerm jn bx`ohotoen jt t`b Lbtty Gbntrb

on 84:< bntotibf V`b Mjtbroji ea Aerm; Onfustrojiosm jnf t`b Ijton Jmbrogjn Jvjnt-Ljrfb).

Net surprosonliy, t`os jmhotoeus rjnlb ea jgtovotobs mbjns t`jt Gosnbres os nbvbr

s`ert ea fbvetbbs; fbjibrs jnf gurjters feib eut supbrijtovbs jheut `br

bnfbjveurs. Nbw _erc‟s MeMJ os onfbhtbf te `br aer t`b grbjtoen ea  t`b Gosnbres

Vrjvbi Aunf, w`og` jiiews gurjters te pursub rbsbjrg` on Ijton Jmbrogj. ’Tjeij

 Jntenbiio Ssbnoer gurjter ea jrg`otbgturb jnf fbsoln] fosgevbrbf t`b Gjmpjnj

Hret`brs Sfbsolnbrs on Hrjzoi] en enb ea t`bsb trops on t`b bjriy fjys,” Gosnbres tbiis

mb.

Hut t`b ossub eatbn rjosbf wot` t`b 1<-ybjr-eif os t`jt s`b geuif aeiiew t`b usuji

pjt` ea pjtrenjlb, jnf epbn `br ewn provjtb musbum w`og` weuif rovji mest stjtb

onstotutoens. Qbnbzubij bspbgojiiy weuif hbnbaot arem j nbw, `ol`-preaoib provjtb

musbum. W`b os stbbiy en t`b mjttbr. ’\`bn pbepib jsc us jheut j musbum, wb

`jvb te jsc w`brb weuif hb t`b rol`t pijgb aer ot5 Qbnbzubij5 Wçe Tjuie5 Nbw

_erc5 Ienfen5 Oa yeu `jvb 844 wercs trjvbiionl jreunf t`b werif, ot mjcbs j hol

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foaabrbngb, jnf bjg` werc tr jvbis te j nbw jufobngb.” Ehkbgts arem t`b Eronege

geiibgtoen `jvb, s`b sjys, hbbn sbbn hy <m pbepib on t`b pjst :1 ybjrs.

‐Orrbluijr Arjmb Ne. 8‟ (:?61) hy Kujn Mbiï  

Gjpotji rbseurgbs jrb onvbstbf onstbjf on t`b aeunfjtoen‟s nbw wbhsotb, w`og`

’trjnsmots erolonji t`onconl”, Gosnbres sjys. V`os enionb rbseurgb mjy hb merb

gest-baabgtovb t`jn j musbum, jnf os j leef bxjmpib ea `ew te folotosb jnf

fegumbnt j geiibgtoen. J mjp s`ews, aer onstjngb, w`brb wercs gjn hb sbbn jt

foaabrbnt iegjtoens jgress t`b werif (mevb t`b meusb evbr Mjfrof jnf j hex

aijs`onl ’77 iejns” peps up aer t`b Musbe Xbonj Weaoj).  

W`b lovbs onsol`ts onte `br geiibgtonl strjtbly, mbntoenonl ’prb-bmbrlonl” jrtosts on

`br gentbmperjry geiibgtoen. ’V`jt febsn‟t nbgbssjroiy mbjn t`by jrb yeunl, ot

mbjns t`jt wb le eut ea eur wjy te fe t`b rbsbjrg` en jrtosts w`e mol`t net hb

gorguijtonl on ljiibrobs jnf ajors, bot`br t`reul` gorgumstjngb er g`eogb.”  

Tbraermjngb jrt, new jn jrt werif ajveurotb, os jise en t`b jlbnfj3 evbr t`b

summbr, Jrlbntonb Fjvof Ijmbijs‟s :?<4 ’Vomb” pobgb arem t`b Gosnbres

geiibgtoen wjs rb-bnjgtbf en Nbw _erc‟s @ol` Ionb. 

Bvbry t`rbb ybjrs, t`b geiibgtoens `jvb te hb rb-bvjiujtbf aer onsurjngb purpesbs

hut, iocb mest mblj-geiibgters, Gosnbres os jvbrsb te fosgussonl mjrcbt vjiub. ’My kjw freps hut et`brwosb wb fen‟t t`onc jheut t`onls iocb t`jt. \b `jvb jn jnnuji

werconl huflbt hut t`brb os j spbnfonl gjp,” s`b sjys. Nenbt`bibss, t`b rbgerf

progb jt jugtoen aer j Iyloj Gijrc werc jienb os $8.8m aer ’Gentrj Xbibve (Ehkbte N.

<)” (:?2?), jt T`oiiops Nbw _erc ijst ybjr.  

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V`b bnfuronl jnf gempibx qubstoen ea w`jt fbaonbs jnf mjcbs j geiibgter

unfbrpons `br t`onconl.

’V`bsb fjys ot sbbms jnyenb w`e huys jrt os j geiibgter, rbljrf ibss ea `os er `br

metovbs. O t`onc geiibgtonl onveivbs bnermeus rbspensohoiotobs jnf wb s`euif kuflb

geiibgters hy `ew sbroeusiy t`by tjcb t`bsb ehioljtoens,” Gosnbres sjys. On s`oatonl

t`b jrt `osterogji jxos arem nert` te seut`, auturb genneossburs woii ne feuht hb

t`jncaui aer `br aerbsol`t.

geibggoengosnbres.erl

T`etelrjp`s; Jnnj @uox

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