CORRELATION OF SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA WITH PATHOPYSIOLOGY & IMMUNITY

Prepared by:

Abdullah Al-hamam

Fahad Al-Hulaibi

King Faisal University College of Medicine

IMMUNITY

Inflammation : First exposure:

allergen & B cell complex release Cytokines, eg IL4.

Second Exposure: IgE molecules attack to mast cell

by high – affinity receptors with in turn relesed a number of powerful mediators acting on smooth mucle and small blood vessels, such as : histamine, tryptase, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 . Which cause the immediate asthmatic reaction.

Clinical Medicine, KUMAR & CLARK, 4th edition ,Page 509

Remodeling :

• Airways smooth muscle undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia.• The airways wall is further thickened by deposition of repair

collagens and matrix proteins.

Clinical Medicine, KUMAR & CLARK, 4th edition , Page 509 & 510

smooth muscle hyperplasia

• Epithelium is damaged,

with loss of ciliated columnar

cells into the lumen.

IMMUNITY

1. Airway narrowing (obstruction) .

2. Airway hyper-responsiveness .

3. Airway inflammation.

Three Components of Asthma

PATHOPYSIOLOGY

Davidson’s medicine, Page  671

• Bronchospasm airway smooth muscle contraction (Smooth ms hypertrophy &

hyperplasia).

• Submucosal edema and increased mucus production.

• Mucus plugging.

• Thickened basement membrane.

1- Airway narrowing (Obstruction)

PATHOPYSIOLOGY

Vasodilation

Smooth ms hypertrophy&

hyperplasia

Thickened BM

Edematous submucosa

Mucous plug

Desquamation of epithelium

Hyperplasia of mucous glands

Cellular infiltration

Pathological Changes of Bronchial Asthma

• An exaggerated broncho-constrictor response to wide range of stimuli including physical, chemical, or pharmacologic agents, allergens, environmental irritants, smoke, fumes, viral respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, stress, aspirin.

• Airway hyper-responsiveness may be genetic predisposition or acquired.

2 -Airway hyper-responsiveness

PATHOPYSIOLOGY

3 -Airways Inflammation

PATHOPYSIOLOGY

PATHOPYSIOLOGY

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Wheezing

Breathlessness (dyspnea)

cough

chest tightness

THANKS ALOT