Final Examination Review Slides

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Pathology 2B

Diseases of the Endocrine Glands

Acute Pancreatitis, Pancreas

Enzymatic Fat Necrosis Gland can return to

Normal if the cause is remove

Sequelae: sterile pancreatic abscess, pseudocyst

Causes: Alcoholism- Male Biliary Tract Disease-

Female

Hemorrhage

Acini

Necr

oti

c A

cini

Hemorrhage

Saponified fat cells

Necrotic Acini with Neutrophilic Infiltrates

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule

Afferent arteriole

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule/ nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis

Capillary Basement Membrane (thickened)

Capillary Basement Membrane (thickened)

Acute Pyelonephritis, Kidney

One of the forms of Renal Lesions secondary to DM

Begins in the interstitium tubules

Formation of cystic cavity containing purulent fluid

Neutrophils

Abscess formation

Neutrophils

Irregular shapes and sizes of follicles

Colloid/ Non-Toxic (Simple) Goiter, Thyroid Gland

Diffuse involvement without nodularity

Not associated with hypo/hyperfunctioning

Can be Endemic or Sporadic Endemic- low level of

Iodine in soil, water and food supply

Sporadic- ingestion of substance that interferes with thyroid hormone synthesis or enzymatic defects

Thyroid follicles are lined by flattened epithelium

Flattening of

epitheliu

m

colloid

colloid

Colloid/ Non-Toxic (Simple) Goiter, Thyroid Gland

Grave’s Disease (Thyrotoxicosis), Thyroid Gland

Most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism

Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Follicles + Epithelium

Antibodies to TSH Receptor, TSI, TGI, TSH-BII

Triad Hyperthyroidism Exopthalmos Pretibial Myxedema

Scallop appearance of Thyroid follicles

papilla

Tall epithelial cells

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Thyroid Gland

Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Struma lymphomatosa Lymphadenoid Goiter Most common cause

of Goitrous Hypothroidism in areas that have sufficient Iodine

Major cause of Non-Endemic Goiter in Children

Long Term Complication- NHL

GC

GC

GC

GC

Lymphoid follicles

GC

GCA

A

A

GC

A- Acini GC- Germinal Center L- Lymphocytic infiltration

LL

GC

Atrophic thyroid Follicles/ Acini

fibrosis

GC

Hurthle cells- lines residual thyroid follicles

**Eosinopilic in Staining, granular cytoplasm, enlarged nuclei, squamous epithelial cells

Papillary CA, Thyroid Gland

papilla

Most common morphologic form of Thyroid CA (75-85%)

Risk Factor: Irradiation of the head and neck area during the first two decades

Most significant diagnostic basis is the presence of nuclear grooving

Pattern of Spread: Lymphatics

s

s

s

s

papilla

Thyroid follicles

s- stroma Orphan Annie Eye- nuclei of cells (clear)

Parathyroid Adenoma

Cause of 75-80% of Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemia

Solitary Capsulated

Proliferating chief cells

Hemorrhage, Adrenal Gland

Blood vessel

Area of hemorrhage

Area of hemorrhage