PATHOLOGY 1 ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2
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Transcript of PATHOLOGY 1 ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2
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PATHOLOGY 1ST PRACTICAL EXAM PART 2
Please do read your manuals. Don’t solely rely on this reviewer. There are
other questions in the manual that I did not include in the slides.
THANK YOU FAISAL FOR MOST OF THE PICTURES.
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FLUID AND HEMODYNAMICS
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ACUTE APPENDICITISThe presence of segmenters densely occupying the appendical wall
Likewise there is necrosis of the mucosa
NEUTROPHILIC infiltrates on the wall
Blood vessels in the wall of the appendix have a dilated appearance with the lumen being more engorged with blood
*ACTIVE HYPEREMIA – bright-red discoloration*PASSIVE HYPEREMIA – blue-red discoloration
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CPC, lungAlveolar septal wall is thickened; alveolar spaces contain numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages
(+) fibrosis, vascular congestion, thickening of alveoli
Dark staining cells within the alveolar spaces: most likely due to the presence of macrophages that have taken up hemosiderin
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THROMBOSIS IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC ARTERY, coronary arteryNarrowed lumen occluded by thrombus (attached to the endothelial wall)-Damage to the endothelium exposes intimal collagen resulting in adherence and then aggregation of platelets atthe site of damage-Lines of Zahn
-2 kinds of thrombus:a.ARTERIAL – frequently occlusive, at sites of turbulence or injury, retrogradeb.VENOUS – invariably occlusive, occurs at site of stasis, in direction of blood flow
FATE OF THROMBUS:1.Propagation2.Embolization3.Dissolution4.Organization and recanalization
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INFARCT, spleenMICRO:Ischemic coagulative necrosisOccluded vesselInfarct – dark red in color
HISTO:Loss of architectural structure and form
GROSS:Ischemic necrosis – occlusion of vascular supply; RED (hemorrhagic) and WHITE (pale)
White – solid organs: limits number of hemorrhage
Pale wedged shaped, sharply definedTriangular with the apex pointing to the vessel occluded and base, the periphery of the lesion
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GENETICS
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GAUCHER’S DISEASE, spleen Crumpled tissue paper appearanceAccumulation of glucocerebrosides
Pathogenesis: affected gene is the gene that encodes glucocerebrosidase, an enzyme that normally cleaves the glucose residue from ceramide
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DISEASES OF IMMUNITY
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ACUTE PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITISHypercellularity of the Glomerulus-Proliferation of endothelial cells -Thickening of capillary loops
-Type III (immune complex-mediated) hypersensitivity
- commonly caused by Streptococcal infection
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TB with CASEATION, lung(+) central caseous necrosis
TYPE 4 delayed hypersensitivity
HISTO:- atelectatic alveoli (collapsed)-presence of epitheloid cells (arranged as Langerhan’s giant cell) which is rimmed by lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and plasma cells*Caseation necrosis is the pink-staining, granular, structureless material at the center of the lesion which contain foamy macrophages that are packed with Mycobacteria
lungs_tb42
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LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS, spleen-Periarteriolar fibrosis = “Onion skinning ” -thickening of capsule; prominence of red pulp
Onion skinning
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS, kidney
Thickened capillary loops“chicken-wire” loop appearance (indicative of active SLE
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NEOPLASIA
I did not include adenocarcinoma, bronchogenic ca, squamous cell ca of the cervix. I don’t have pictures of these slides.
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LEIOMYOMA, uterus- Smooth muscle- Benign tumor- Pink wavy cytoplasm- well differentiated mass- Presence of bundles- The usual location is in the myometrium- Typical long spindle muscle cells arranged in intercalating bundles
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RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, intercapsular massMalignant skeletal muscle tumor
Cytoplasm: eccentric eosinophilic(+) thin and thick filamentsLarge hyperchromatic nucleiPleomorphic
Striations is NOT always needed in the diagnosis of this tumor
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OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA, bone-Malignant mesenchymal tumor-Spread in the medullary canal and replace the marrow surrounding the pre-existing bone trabeculae-Pink osteoid formation
GROSS:-appears gritty and infiltrates cortex of bone-most common in long bones
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TUBULAR ADENOMA, rectum- Benign tumor of the glands-Hyperchromatic nuclei in lining of the glands
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WILM’S TUMOR, kidney(demo slide)Malignant tumor in childhood
Combination of blastemal, stromal, and epithelial cell elements are represented by abortive tubules or primitive glomeruli
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DERMOID CYST, ovaryCyst wall lined by stratified squamous epithelium; underneath are hair follicles and sebaceous glands
GROSS: appears as unilocular cysts; contains hair, tooth structures, creamy-like material, and areas of calcification
Teratoma – more than one neoplastic cell type derived from more than one germ layer
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END of PART 2
Sobrang haba ng reviewer na ito. Haaaysh.
Good luck again with the practical exam and thesis proposal.