PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE BUD BLIGHT OF MULBERRY … · 2018. 2. 11. · OF MULBERRY TREES. II....
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PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE "BUD BLIGHT" OF MULBERRY TREES II. ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE AND THE FORMATION OF SPORODOCHIA AND PERITHECIA OF THE CAUSAL FUNGUS* By Takken MATUO With 1 Plate CONTENTS page Introduction 16 (44) I. The influence of manure upon the development of the disease 17(45) II. The influence of manure upon the formation of sporodochia and perithecia of the causal fungus on mulberry stems 27 (55) 1. The influence of manure upon the formation of sporodochia of the causal fungus 27(55) 2. The influence of manure upon the formation of perithecia of the causal fungus 32(60) III. The influence of manure upon the formation of wound periderm in the mulberry trees and the additional discussion of the pathological signifi- cance of the wound periderm 34(62) IV. The influence of manure upon the main chemical components of the bark of the mulberry trees and the pathological Significance of it 40 (68) 1. The influence of N- and 1(20- manure upon the main chemical com- ponents of the bark of the mulberry trees in the growing stage 40(68) 2. The pathological significance of the change of the main chemical com- ponents of the bark of the mulberry trees in the growing stage in N- and K20- experiments 45 (73) * Contributions from the Laboratory of Phytopathology and Mycology in the Faculty of Textile and Sericulture, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan, No. 11.
Transcript of PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE BUD BLIGHT OF MULBERRY … · 2018. 2. 11. · OF MULBERRY TREES. II....
PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE "BUD BLIGHT"
OF MULBERRY TREES
II. ON THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE UPON THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE AND THE
FORMATION OF SPORODOCHIA AND
PERITHECIA OF THE CAUSAL
FUNGUS*
By
Takken MATUO
With 1 Plate
CONTENTS
page Introduction 16 (44)
I. The influence of manure upon the development of the disease 17(45)
II. The influence of manure upon the formation of sporodochia and perithecia
of the causal fungus on mulberry stems 27 (55)
1. The influence of manure upon the formation of sporodochia of the
causal fungus 27(55)
2. The influence of manure upon the formation of perithecia of the
causal fungus 32(60)
III. The influence of manure upon the formation of wound periderm in the
mulberry trees and the additional discussion of the pathological signifi-
cance of the wound periderm 34(62)
IV. The influence of manure upon the main chemical components of the
bark of the mulberry trees and the pathological Significance of it 40 (68)
1. The influence of N- and 1(20- manure upon the main chemical com-
ponents of the bark of the mulberry trees in the growing stage 40(68)
2. The pathological significance of the change of the main chemical com-
ponents of the bark of the mulberry trees in the growing stage in N-
and K20- experiments 45 (73)
* Contributions from the Laboratory of Phytopathology and Mycology in the Faculty
of Textile and Sericulture, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan, No. 11.
16 Takken MATUO No． 3
Summary ．．．．一．一．．．．．．．一．．．．．．”．．“．一．．．．．．．”．．．”．”．．．．…．…一．．．．一．，．．．．．h一，．一．．．．．．．．．．w一”． 48（76）
工Aterature cited ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・… 一・。・．・・・・・・・・・・… 。．・・… ．… 助… ．・・．・・．・・… ．。・．・・．・・．・・… ．・・．・・．・・．．・。 49．（77）
Ex．n．lanation of plate ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．i“．．．．．i．．．．：．．．．．．．．．．．．：・．’．．．．．．．．．．．．．1．LIL．．． 54（82＞
．
璽謡聡望粥翻
Many inves．t． igations have． been．’pgblisP，gd．．cgp．ce．rning．．the influence of
mLanure upon the occurrence and’development o£ plant diseases． But it is to
be regretted that these investigations have dealt maihly wi’th the diseases of
harbacious plants and not with tlie stem diseases of woody plants． lt vLras
knewn by th・e writerC30） that the mode of the eccurrence and developmen一 t o£
the “bud blight” of mulberry trees， one of the stem diseases， is very different
，Erom that ef the diseases oi 2iarbacious plants’．
In tZiis paper the results of the writer’s experiments and some patho－
logical discussions concerning the infiuence of manure upon the development
of the ‘ 奄b浮п@blight” of mulberry trees and the formation of sporodechia and
perithecia of the causal fungus’are reported． lt is a matter of course that
these experiments were plax］ned on the basis of the mode of the occur－
rence and develepment of． this disease． ．． lnoculations were carried out to make
clear the infitience ef manure upon the development of the disease in the net－
growing stage as well as in the growing stage of mulberry trees． ・In the
growing stage the wound cork layers are formed in mulberry stems， and the
inva・sion of the causal fungus is generally repressed by the wound cork layers．
On the’ other haitd； in ’the’not－growing Stage （autumn， winter and eatly spring）
the wound cork layers are not formed in mulberry ’stems ’and the invasion
of’the eausal fun’№浮刀@is easy to’ 盾モ?р煤D’When fRie’eXbetimenp．s to make clear
the influence of manure upon the ferrnation of sporodochia and perithecia on
mulbergy stems were gqrTied oqt，． the w． riter． also．paid particular attention to
the growth Stage at which the supplied mulberry stems were cut．
The writer must record“ here his． heartiest thanks te Emeritus Pref． T．
HEMMI and Prof． S。 AKAI in．Kyoto Upiversity， and．． Dr． R．．． TAGucHエof his
b”aculty ior． their kind suggestions and advices． He also wishes to express
his thanks to Mr． M． NAKAMuRA who kindly ’assisted him in the composition
of this paper， Mr． K． SuDA who kindly・gave many advantages for the writer，
performing・these studies， and Mr．’Yv・SAKuRAr”who heartily ’assisted him in
the experiments of． these studies． The writer’s thanks must als’e be given to
！V［inistry o£ Education， which especially previded him with part of the expenses
of this study．
N． o． 3・ Pathological Studies of tke “Btstl Blig． ht” iZ （45）1 17
1． THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE UPeN THE DEVELOPMENT eF THE DISEASE
1．Materia工s and Methods
（1） The Culture of Mulberry Trees
N－expeyErnent （A）一experiment． Preparing，； Round pots （75 cm diamater，
120cm depth and bottomless） were arranged regularly’：一 in a farm of the
writer，s Faculty and lower parts（about 1ユO cm）◎f them were buried in the
soil．”：’“t‘’ Vniform young mulberry trees were planted in the pots， one tree in
one pot， in the spring of 1935． These mulberrv． trees were cultured uniformly
as far as possible in the pots by the method of the “Negari”・ training a’ @nd
summer harvest ’（all stems ’of the mulberry trees were cut at the same time
near the level of the soil during the last 10 days of June or the first 10 days
ef July every year）． The variety－name of the mulberry trees is Jitmonii．
Setting up o£ the experimental plets； Since the spring of 1945 the following
experimental plot＄ were set up． Each plot was composed of 4－5 pots situated
at random．
c，
Kind of plot
N－little
N－rnuch
N－very much
These kin
Quantity of manure given per 1 pot
Ammonium Calciurn super一 Potassium sulphate phosphate sulphate （g） （g） （g） so loe so 2eo loo se 4ee ’ ’ loe so
Caiciumearbonate （g）
100
！ee
loe
ds of manure were given in April一一一May every year． The
method of culture except manuring wqs the ＄ame， and the stems which grew
every year Crom the buds near the roots after the harvest （which．was done
duting tl te last 10 days of june or the first 10 days Qf July） were used for the
i’noeulatien experiments． ． ， （B）一experiment． Preparing； Round pots （｛5cm diameter， 120 cm depth
and bottomless） were set near the pots of （A）一experiment after the same
manner with that ofi （A）一experiment． Also in this （B）一experiment uhiform
young mulberry trees were used qnd each of them was planted． in the pot in
ti te spring of 1950． These m ulberry’trees were also cultured rkniEormly as Ear
as pgssible by the rnethod of the “Negari” training and surpmeg ．harvest．
The照riety．name of the mulberry trees is Ka三ryonezumigaeshi二Setもing up
ee The distance between the centers of the neighbouring pots was kept 150 cm （see
Plate Fig． 3）：
．一e“ The soi．1 og’一thg Sarm is clayey loam of Younger Terrace．’
18 （46） Tdkken ］N（［ATUO N． o． 3
of the experimental plots； ln the spr・ing一・・ of 1951 the・．．・foll’owing’ experimental
plots were set up． Each plot was composed of・4 pots situated at rando－rn．
Kind oi plot
N－Apr． 19， little
N－Apr． 19， much
N－Jul． 10， little
N－Jul． 10， much
N－Ang． 7， little
N－Aug． 7，， much
Note；
Quantity of manure given’
Alnmoniu． m sulphate．
．X一’L．Jrm一一w一”一一一一一．．Quantity （g）
25
100
25
ユ00
25
1eo
per 1 pot
Ca！cium super一
Date given Z9／IV
19！1V
IC／VII
工0／VlI
7／VIII
7／VIII
phosphate， （g）．
50
50
50
50
50
50
Potassium sulphate （g）．
25
25
9．5
．p．5 ．
25
25
Calcium superphosphate and potassium sulphate were gi・ven on April 19．
Th・・tipPli・d mulber・y t・ee・were cut twi・・i・ス951・Th・且・stρ耳tti・g
was d◎n・・n M・士．30． Every mulb…yt・e・w・s・ut at th・p・・t near・the r・・t・
The second cutting was done on Ju且e．20．．All the mulberry stems w豊ich
grew up after the lst clltting were cut at t軸part of 20 cエn height． The
side buds of remaining parts o至the stems grew up again some days after the． しり2nd cut乞ing． These newly gr◎wn mulberry stems were used for the experi一
田ents．
K20－exgeeri9・・eeitt Preparing；R・und p・ts were set after the same ma聯r．
with that of N－experiment． lln this K20－experiment also uPifo職yO顯9
mulberry trees weτθused aロd each of the狙was planted加出e pot in癒e
spring ofユ934（A－exp．）a簸dユ944（B－exp．）． The mulberry trees were als◎
cultured unif◎rmly as far as possible加the pots by the meth◎d of thε‘‘megari’， training a簸d sulnmer harvest． The variety－mame of th’e mulberry‘
trees is JQm◎捻ji． Setting up of the expehmental piots； Since the spring of．
1945癒efo11◎wing experimental plots were set up． E．ach plot was composed．
◎f5－6 pots situated at random．
Quantity of manure given per 1 pot
Kind of plot
A－e・p・ _暮膿、。，n
B一・… _暮膿V。n
Ammonium sulphate （g）
20D
2CO
．leo
100
Calcium super一 ’p． hosphate
（g）
100
！0e
o
o
Potassium sulphate （g）
50
0
50
0
Calciumcarboitate・ （g）
100
1eo
100
100
These klnds of manure were given in April一］M［ay every year． The，
method oC training crmd harvest was the same． ’The stemS Which grew everY’
No． 3 Pathological Studies． of’ the ’“Bnd Blight” JX （47）エ9・
year from the buds near the roots after晦．h軍vest were used for the』ねocu・
lation exDeri．ments．
P2gs－experiinent Preparing ； Round pots were set after the saihe manner’．
with N－experiment． ln this P20s－experiment also uniform young mulberry’
trees were planted in the pots， one・tree in one pot， in the spring e± 1934一
（A－exp．） and 1944 （B－exp．） ． These mulberry trees were also cultured uniformly’
as far as possible by the method of the “Negari” training and summer’
）harvest． The variety name of the mulberry treeS is Jamonji． Setting up of’
the experimental plots； Since the spring of 1945 the following experimentaal
plots were set up． Each plot was corr］posed of 6 pots situated at randoni．
Quantity of manure given per 1 pot
Kind of plot
A－e・p・ o陰窯ellven
年・xp盤難el、。。n
Ammo惣iumsulphate （g）
200
200
100
100
Calcium super－ phosphate （g）
100
0
10e
o
Potassiumsulphate
（g）
50
5C
o
e
Ca互ciumcarbonate・ （g）
leo
leo
loe
100
These kinds of manure were given in April－May every ／year． The，
互neth◎d of trai舳g and harvest was the same・The stems whiCh grew from，
the buds near the roots aiter the harvest during the last le days of Jqne or’
the first 10 days of July were used for the inoculation experiment every Year．，
（2） The inoculation of the causal fungus to．the mulberry tree＄
As the wrlter stated ln the introduction oS this paper， the inoculation．
was carried out to make clear・ the influence of manure upon the develepment
of the disease in the not－growing stage as． well as in the g owing stage ef
the mqlberry trees． The 10 stem＄ （2－3 stems per one pot＞． were used for
the inoculation in each plot． The．一3．parts of each stem supplied whlch grew’
gp after the summer harvest’． were・ sterilized with 70－80％ alcohol and washed．
with sterilized water， and a peeling injury （2．5 mm x 2．O mm） was made with
a knife on the bark of each p4rt of the， stem． The injured part was ipocugated．
wi施the conid呈a of Gibbef’ellaぬ劾’itiptf％（NEEs）S． et H． A薙d面en由e bark
was restored to its original pQsitlon as if it had net been inj．ured and wa＄
p．a． ip． te． d with vaseline． The results oS． the inoculation were observed one or’
several month＄ a£ter．
・20． （48）．録 TakkeA MATUO No． 3
2． Resu1ts and Discussions
N－exgeeriineRt （A）一experiment． The inoQulation was carried out Sn
‘October－Deceni1 er and in March－May of the next ’ 凾?≠秩@from ，1949 to．1952．
’The growth of’ 狽??@mulberry trees ls given in the table 1．
Table 1． Showing the growth of the mulberry trees in N＝experiment
君〇一Ω鯛O唱質刷
’ N－little
N－much
N－v’ ?窒凵@much
Number of stern （of rnore than lm・height） per．1 tree
｝ec． 1949
18．9
37．2
38．2
Dec． 1950
19．3
37．7
37．3
Dec． 1951
22．7
35．0
40．7
Height （cm）
Dec． ・1949
107．0
1・19．8
135．6
Decユ950
142．8
152．1
166．2
Dec． 1951
132．5
146．2
156．3
Note ； ‘Height’ was obtained from the average value of the highest 10 stems of every
pot．
It is evident from the table 1 that the more （NM4）2SO4 was g1ven in the
・soil， the more the growth of the mulberry trees・ was promoted． Th’is result
cerresponds with the resqlts of the similar e．xp． eriments concerning the iit一
’fiuence of N－manure on the growth ofi mulberry trees which have been done
’by many investigators．
The data ofi the results of the inoculation experiment＄ were divided into
’twe groups （［E）able 2 and Table 3） according to the growth stages （that is to
say， the growing stage，，and the not－growing stage）． of the mulberry trees
while the invasion of the causal fungus occtirred， and the variances of the
i．rtv’aded area vgTere analysed．
Table 2 indicates that the mulberry trees of’ N－little plot are less lnvaded
xhan those of the other plots （N－much and N－vetY much plots）， that is，
N－manure has its infiuence on the development of the disease’ in ehe growing
rstage of the mulberry trees． On the othet ihand Table 3 shows that N－manure
does not infiuence the・ development of the”disea’se ’in’the hot－growlng sitage of
the Mulberry tr’ees．
・ Many investigators〈6， ii， i2， i5，32，36．4i，42，47， etd・） haxre studied the infiuence ef
N－manure on・ the occurrence and the development of’the various’diseases of
画t・ドAnd it h・・． bee・・ep・・t・d・1m・・t・with・ut・ ・xegPti・b’ Dth・t・ρy pl・nt・歪
a N－much plot is more susceptible to the diseases than that of’ a N－little’
plot． The result of the writer’＄ experiment， which was”sho’Wn in Table 2，
indicates nearXy such a normal tendency． However， Table 3 shews that
N一エna購re dOes皿ot i簸f1腫ence出e development of塩e disease in t1亘e狙ot－grow7
No．・ 3 PatholOgical 8魏伽s．． Of the，ff・、B鋸捌8勿”ll．
．Tabl．e 2． ／．The，infitaeqce ． of／N一’ manure ，upQn the．・ development Of the
disease in the gFowing stage of．the mulberry trees
（49） 21一
No． of exp．
1
2
3
4
．5
6
Mean
Date
Inocuiation－Measurement
琴曜P50－39／V’59
22／IV ’50－30／VI J50
20／LIII 51；31fV ”51
26！11tl ’51一 ・6；NI’ ’i？51
22／ttl ’52－29／V ’52
23，IV ’52一 6／VI ’52
一lndex，of invaded Llarea
N－1’i’ttle
20．0
’31．7’
23．6
61．1
38．1
sze38．6
N－much
32．6
41．2・
33．3
W5．3
44．2
59．6
49．4
N－very much
26．4
34．0
31．9
95．S
40．5
・61．9
48．4
Note； ‘lndex of ipyqdg．d area’ ．is．obtaiped fro；n the．product of average 1－ength（mm） and average width ’（mrn） of the real invaded areas．
Table of anaiysis of variance
NReplicate
Error
Total’
ss
425．95
6 5e6．08
412．80
7 344．・83
DF
250
117
v
212．98
1 301．22
41．28
F
5．16ee
31．52鞭
D）8．3 Difference between any two of meahs is significant at 5％ level．
．Table 3．．The infiuence of N－m4nure upon the development of the di’s’lease in the not－growing’stage of the rnulberry trees
No． of exp．
1
2
3
・4
5
Mean
Date
．Inoculatiop－Measurement
11／X ’49－25／IV ’50
24／XI ’50－27／1V ’51
12／拳ζ征1，50－27／互V ’51
23／XI ’51－13／V ’52
3／XII’51－13／V ’52
Index of invaded area
N－little
85．3
1ユ7．7
98．5・
221，e
19k7
142．8
N－much
59．6
119．9
97．3
260．8
157．．1
138．9
N－very rnuch
58．3
109．5
91．5
414．7
141．4
163．X
Table of analysis of variance
NReplicate
Errer
Total
ss
1 679．35
99 605 38
6’632．12
DF
248
107 916．85 14
v
839．68
24 901．35
829．02
F
1．e1
3e．e4“ee
・22 （5e） Takken MATUO No‘”31
’ing stage of the mulberrY’ trees． ”，Thi／s’2acti’iS’very’import’ant一．esP’ecihlly ’from
the pract．ica！ pgint ot “ievtii’begause thiS ’di’s6as’e’ ’isi’ far’”rribfe dest；uctive ip
’the not－growing’stage・than ip the growing stage Q£， mulberry trees as the
wfi．煤f¢t．． S七a圭6d iD出e previous．Paかe‡1（30）’
The writer n；ust discuss ・・here the manuring date （in this expe；iment
im．anuring vvas done in April eyery year）， because the quetttion arises how
ユong the e廷ect o量manure centinues every．year． UsHlwODA（57・58）stated that
the infiuence of manure on the grovith ef mulberry trees， which are a perenial
plant，’is’・very different from that on the growth ”of ’hetbacious plants． Ac－
cording to him the．． ﾜrow磁of n最1berry trees加spriぬg depends not on the
狙囎璽e、．、三一φWaS given in t1翼e early Spri葺9， but maiDly on．腿trilp6nt con一．
tained ih the root’ of mulberty tgees whlch．’ h4d been stoTgd in． t！ e previous
year， and the manure whlch was given in that spring has an influence on the
growth of mulberry． trees in summer and arktumn．， At． any ． rate， the writer
investigated additional工y ih出e foUowing（B）一exp6riment the relation between
the date of manuring and the infiuence of N－manure on the development of
the disease in’the not－growing stage of mulberry trees．
（B）一experiment． lnoculations were carried out on Nov． 23 and Dec． 3 of
1951， and the invaded areas were mea＄ured cn May 13 of the next”year． The
growth of ’高浮撃b?窒窒凵@trees，and the results oE’the inoculation experiments are
shown in Table 4．
T・b1・4・．@Sh・Wip9 th・・elゆ．b・㌻weeゆ・dat・6i血・・曲9・nd・h・i・flti・・ce・f
N一．mq．nure upop the growth Qf the mulberry trees as well as the development
．of the disease．in the net－growing stage of the rnulberry trees
Date of
manurmg
Apr． ’ 19
．J．u． ．．1， ． ！0’．
Aug． 7
Growth of mulberry ・tree
Number of stem（of more than l mheight） per 1 tree
N－little
9．0
9．0
8．3
N－much
13．O
le．3
9．7
．Height （cm）
N－little
133．0
134．エ
．118，，7
N－much
145．7
134．3
120．1
Ihdex of invaded area
．23／XI ’51－13／V ’52
N－littl’e
456．6
367．7
215，7 ・
N－much
438．3
635．9
373．4
3／x工1 ’51－13／v’52
N－little
147．8
223．5
144．8
NLmuch
165．1
191．8
230．7
Note； ‘Growih of rnulberry tree’ was ’Measured in December ’51．
Table 4 s．e．eng．s to sg．gg．．，est that the earlier．． （N，li！．．，e，）2SO4 is．，g． iygn．．，／， the more
vigo…sth・g・・wth・抑耳lb合・ry t・e年s is・瑚．．罵呂←出・t th巳、：⑱Yρ1・pm・nt・f
the disease一 in・・the not－growing・stage is ・not infiuenced by the date of manur－
lng． ．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．． ．．．． ．．．．．．． ．． ．．．．，．． ．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．
s
r’ mo． ／3 Patho10gical 5加4ノ召s・．．げ伽“Bzad Blight”II． （51） ・23
From the results of （A）一and （B）＝experiments， it is／concluded．th’at N一
．”高≠獅浮窒?@has not its infiuehce on ’the development of the “bud blight” g， f
m・lb…y・tree・i・th…t－9・・ゆ9・・St・gr舳麟th…m・m…re i・且…resa little the ’developmenc．／．ef the L disease in ・the grQwirig stage of mulbertry
廿ees．
磁心e躍・面・漉 The in・・ulati・n w・sρarried・ut三n’Oct・be卜December
and in March－May of the next y．ear from 1949 to 1951．． The growth・ef tke
supplied mulberry trees is given in the table’5．・
Table 5． Showing’ the growth of the mulberry trees in K20一一experiment
Number of stem （of more than 1 m height） ・
per 1 tree
Dec． 1949
鱒。宕旧。郊ε
A－exp．
B－exp．
Kc20－given
K20－not given
K20－given
K2Q7not gjven
26．1
24，5
18，2
17，9
Dec． 195e
25．3
32．3
17．3
16．7
Height （cm）
Dec． 1949
141．5’
142．1
124．6
・119．2
Dec． 1950
148．5
149．7
134．6
129．3
Note； ‘Height’． was obtained i‘rom the average value of the highest－le stems of
every pot．
The data in the table 5 suggest that the effect ot K20 on the growth of
the mulberry’trees is not remarkab．1eL Mariy investigators（2，4，i7， i8，i9，20．2i，46．56，etc．）
1・have studied on the effect of K20－manure upon the grewth of mulberry trees．
Some oS’ them thoright’ that K2e－manure premotcd a little the growth ofi
mulPerry trees． ARAMoM’i‘2）， CrsmwoDAC57），’etc．， hewever， stated・that the． in－
fiuence of K20 manure ubon the growth of ’mulberry trees was not alx？vays
rematkable and varied’ 翌奄狽?@the soil in whick the experimerit was carried out．
The res．“4t of the writeF． ’s experiment is regarded g．．o Pe，．g．ne of t’he ex’‘d’mples
that the infiuence ot KiO－fnanure on the growth 6f ’mdlberry trees was not
remarkable．
The data of the res．ults of the inocuiation experiments were divided・ into
一… 狽翌潤@groups （Tab－le 6 and Tqble 7） according to the growth stages （that iS
to say， the’ №窒盾翌奄獅〟@stage and ’the not－growing stage）’of the mulberry tree＄
’while the invasion of the causal fungus occurred， and the variances o£ the
invaded area were analysed．
Table 6 and ’Table 7 indiCate that the devqlopment of the d．igl，e’ase is not
infiuenced by－K2e－manure in the growing stage as well as in the not－growing
：stage of the ．mulberry．trees．
24 （52） ’Takke’n MATUO No． ”3
Table ・6． Th’e influetice Of／’KtiO‘manu・re itpon’the ’development of the disease
in・the growing stage of・ the mulberry t，rees
No． of exp．
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mean
Ddte
Inoculat’ion－Measutement
20／11i ’50－3e／V 」50
2e／lll ’50－3e／V ’5e
22XIV ’50－30／VI ’50 ．
22／IV ’5e－30／V1 ’50 ’
27／Ilff ’51－6／VI e51
27／亙1亙 ，51－6／V置 ，51
9ノ亙V，51－30／V亘’51
9／1V ’51－3e／VI ’51
Kitid of
exp．
ABABABAB
Index of invaded ・area
K2Q－given’
24．9
23．6
25．8
48．2
74．2 ・
123．2
93．9
119．4
66．7
K20一一not given
18．8
一” Q0’：iO
’49．7
44．6
67．0
96．9
105．5
112．4
64．4
Note； ‘lndex of invaded area’ is obtained ’from the product of average length（mm＞ and average width（mm） of the real invaded areas．
Table of analysis of variance
K20Replicate
Error
Total
ss
20．93
21 340．80
759．78
22 121．51
DF
17715
v
20．93
3 048．54
1e8．54
F
28．09ec“ee
Table 7． The influence of K20－manure upon the development of the disease
in the’ no’t－growing stage of the rnulberry trees
’No． of exp．
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean
Date
Enoculation－Measurernent
11／X ’49－25／IV’50
UIX ’49－25／1V ’50
25／XI ’50－28／1V ’51
25／XI ’50－28／．EV ’51
11／X／1・1 ’50－2811V ’51
11／XII ’50－2811V ’51
Kind of
exp．
ABABAB
Index o£ invaded area
K20－given
67．4
73．4
120．8
138．5
120．0
163．1
エユ3：9
K20－not given
105．1
69．7
124．3
152．3
134L6’
’121．2
ユ17．9
Table of analysis of variance
K，O
一 Replicate
Error
Total
ss DF
141．45
7 068．32
1 329．25
－FDFO
v
8 539．02 11
141．45
1 413．66
265．85
F
5．32，e
：No．3暑 Patkological Stadies． of the ‘fBu．．d Blight” IX （53） 25
P205讐e聯eri煕e醜ポ The inoculatio皿、 was－also caτriedt． out in October－
Pecember and in ］VEarch一］M［ay ef’ the next year from 1949L一一1951． The growth
ef the・ supplied mulberry trees is given in the table 8．
Table 8． Sbowing the growth． of the mulberry trees in ？201r，一experiment
Number of stem 〈of more than 1 m height）
per 1 tree
Dec． 1949
90一q｝o唱鶉咽
A－exp． P20s－given
P20s－not givenF
Brexp．PLD：．一given
PL）Os－not given F
26．1
25，9
18．1
17．9
Dec． 1950
25．3
28．7
16．3
16．7
Height
Dec． 1949
141．5
11 9．5
125．2
119．2
Dec． 1950
143．5
147．2
129．3
128．1
Note； ‘Height’ was obtained from the average va1・ue of the highest le stems of
every plot．
The data in the table 8 suggest that the effect af Pzes in the soil en
the growth of the mulberry trees is not remarkable． iMany investigators
〈2，3，i6， i7， i8， i9，46．56， etc・） have also studied on the effect of P2es－manure upOn the
growth of mulberry trees． Some of them concluded that P20s－manure pro－
moted a l ittle the grow七h of mulberry trees． But ARAMoMI（2）， UsHIwoDA（57），
etc． stated that the infiuence of P20s－manure upon the growth of mulberry
trees was not always r．emarkable and varied with the soil in which the experi－
ment was carried out． The result of the writer’s experiment is regarded to
be one of the examples that the ． effect of P20s－manure on the growth ef
mulberry trees was not remarkable．
The data， of the results of the inoculation experirpents Were divided into
two grouPs （Table 9 and Table le） according to the groWth stages （that is
to say， the gxowing stage and the not－growing stage） of the mulberry trees
while the invasion of the causa］ tungus occurred and the variances of the
invaded area were analysed．
Table g and TableユO indicate that P205－manure also has not its infiuence
on the deve！opment of the “bud blight” in the growing stage as well as in
the not－growing stage of the mulberry trees．
讐
26 （54） Takken MATUO’， 舟No．ノ31；
Table 9． The infiue’nce of P20s－manur．e up6n’ the development・，of一 the，disease
ip， the growing stage of the mugberry trees
No． of exp．
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mean
Date’
Inoculation・一一Measurement
20／HI’50－30／V ’50
20／NI ’5e－30／V ’5e
22／1．V ’50－30／Vl ’5e
22／1V ’50－30／VI ’50
2．7blill ’51一 6NI ’51
27／III ，51－6／VI，51
9／豆V’51－30／V茎’51
9／1V ’51；30／VI ’51
Kind of exp．
AB・ABABAB
1・ndex of inVaded area一
P206－given
24．9
31．4
25．8
46．2
・74．2
107．3
93．9
ユ22．6
65．8
？20s－not given
18．8
20．0
49．7
ac．6
69．6
．96．9
ユ04．O
l12．4
64．5
Note； ‘lndex of invaded area’ is obtained t－rom the product of average length（mm）1／
and average width （mm） of the real invaded areas．
Table of analysis of variance
，P20Jr
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
6．63
19 731．69
531．52
20 269．84
DF
177
．15
v F
6．63
2 818．81
75．93
37．12ee，e
Table 10． The infiuence of PLOs－manure upon’the developmeht oi the disease
in the not－growing stage of the rnulberry trees
’No． of exp．
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mean
Date
Inoculation－Measurement
11／× ’49－25／IV ’50
11／X ’49－25／・IV ’50
25／XI ’50－28／1V ’51
25／XI ’50－25flV ’51
11／XII，5⑪一28／IV．，51
11／XII ’50－28／IV ’51
Kind of exp．
ABABAB
’lndex of invaded area
P20s－given
67．4
70．4
120．8
エ10，9
120．0
140．7
105．0
P20．s－nbt given
71，3
61．0
126．8
． 152．3
141’．／5
121．2
112．4
Table of analysis’of variance
欝
P20s
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
160．60
10 262．22
1 187．41
11 610．23
1］＞F
15511
v
160．60
2 052．44
237．48
’
F
8．64sc
No．’ ’3 PatholOgical Stadies．：；げ髄θ「rBud Blight”II． （55） ・27
3’． IConclusioLn
F・・mゆereミults・f the・writer’s experiments曲i・h were stated bef◎re，
it is conclqded that Ni 一manure has not its lhfiu．ence uPdh the development of
the “bud blight” of mulberry trees in their not－Scrroviin．cr stage） though the
same manure promotes a little the deVelopment of．th．e disease in一 the growing
stage of mulberry trees． From the practical point of view the de’ 魔?撃盾垂高?獅
of this disease in， the growing stage Qf mulbeTry trees，’is almost out of t4．e
question aS the writer stated in the previous papef〈30）． So it is not too mu6h
to say that we can give much N－manure to the ．’ 垂≠浮撃b?窒窒凵@field in order ／to
promote the yielq paylng no attentibn to’ the infiuence of’the manure upg＃
the develQpment”盾?@the ‘’bud blight”． Secondly， it was known that K20－and
P2es－manure had no infiuence upon the development of the “bud ’blightZ： in
the grbwing stage as well as in the not－growing stage of mulberry trees．
II．． THE INFLUENCE OF MANURIE UPeN THE FQRMATION OF
，．SPOReDOCHIA AND ’PERITHECIA， OF・ THIE CAUSAL
F（JNGUS ON MUI［．BERRY STEMS
1． The lnfluence of Manure upon the FormatiQn of Sporodochia
of the Causal Fungus
The condia of the ．causal fungqs are．．produced mainly on th’e sporodochia
which are．．formed on the diseased mulberry steins． ．The writer investigated
the infiuence of manure upon the formation of the sporodochia on’ 高浮撃b?窒窒
stems．
衡
西明
1． Materials arid Methods
The Mulberry・steins or twigs which were cultured simultaneously w ith
those which were ’supplied for phe inoculal，1． on experiments in the previous
c・pte「：we「侍usrd・1・・ace吻．．．騨t葺1，s㌻ag←・至田． t与e「卑・1りerry． t・e・s s・m・
mulberrY’ steMs or twigs of each plot were cut from their bases．・ And the
mugberry stem media were made’after ’the usual manner（29）． The causal
fungus was inoculqted on the mg． lberry stem media and was cultured in
thermostats’ （250C） or under the’ 獅≠狽浮窒≠戟@’一eondition． The number of the
sporodochia， which bgoke out epidermis or lenticels from inside and appeared
on the surface’of the ，m． ulberry stem media， was measured about a month
after the lnoculation． ’ @Each time five test tubes of medium were supplied for
each plot．
軌
Tabte 11． Showing the infiuence of N－manure upon the formation of sporedochia of
the catisal’fungus on the mulberry stems
．鱒。。（㎝①）
ぢ五｝o唱口咽鼠
，N一一．littJq
／N－much
．N－Y・・y皿血とh
No・ 6f exp．
Date of
stem cutting Age of
sqpplied stem
1
6／VI1 ’46
ISt
Large
Small
TQtaI
Lar． ge
S田allT6tal
．Large・
Sri． i． all
Total
17．7
288．0
’305．7
19．1
・294．5
1313．6
56．4
．265．4
321．8
2
8／VII ’46
1st
3
6／VIT’46
’2nd
4．21i ’5．4
222，41 84， ．8
226，61 90．2
6．8
379．0
385．8
14．9
313．9
328．8
’6．6
72．8
79．4
12．4
1eo．1
112．5
4 5
8／．V． II．
’46
2nd
18／III
’49
2nd
3．6
43．7
47．3
6．2
61．7
67．9
Or2．
マ。・1
70．R．
o．
189．0
189．0
ρ0．
7．8
79．0
86．f
5／IV，4g
2nd
O，8
87，1
187，9
000
QU81
78
5．5
O．6
232．5
2．33．1．
1．6
．・ U95，6
’697，2
7
5／1V’49
2nd
O．3
401．7
402．Q
O．6
1 140．0
1 140．6
8
5／1V，49
2血d
0
109，6
1C9．6
o・
1 225．P．
1 2． 25．Q．
・9
10／V’50
2nd
O．6
20．4
21，0
O．2
，7． 5．5
75・Z，
，，gii8．，1，，i，gli，i ．．6gig．
sgs．8］10s3．16．1 100：0
10
20／XI ’50
1st
0
114．4
114．4・
O．4
．ユ25．4
125．8
1．0
．与晦
503，s
11
2U／XI ’50
1st
12
20／XI ’50
1st’
O．4
226．4
226．8
0
261．3
261，R．
0278．6
278Li6
O．9
427．5
428．’?
o’488，．8
488，8
1．1
・・713．s
．714．c．・
Mean
2．8
160．8
163．6
3．6
409‘0
41216
’814
448’：0
456‘4
冨冒胃①
§6d◎
Tab；e of analysis of variance （total number of sporodochia）
N’Replicate
Error
．Tot．al
ss
5白91．92
21 ’563．68
8 697．4，6
36 253．06
DF
9飼12
123．5
v
2 995．96
1 960．33
395．34
F
7．58xec－
4．96轍
D’ |． 228．7 Differe’nce betwee，n
，＄ignSficant at 1％ ’leveL
D ｝i 168．3 Difference． betwee’n
significant at 5％ leve，1，
・anY two of means iS
any ， two o，fl mean’s is
ヴ嗣O●．．ω
th／．
e・
Tablg 12． Showing the influence of 1〈20－manure．upop the formation p． f， sporodochia of
the causal fungus on the mulberry stems
も五節9．も属
A
exp．
B
exp．
1〈20－giyen
Kt，O－
not given
1〈20－given
1〈，O－
not given
’NO． of exp．
iDate of’
stem cutting Age of ／
supplied stem
Large’
Small
Total
Large
Smalt
Total
Large
Small
Tetal
．Large
Small
Tota1
1 2
6／VI・1 1 8／V・II
’46 i ”46
1st
6．6
157．3
163．3
10．8
206．0
216．8
9．9
91．1
101．0
1st
6．．c
122．rt
129．0
6．4
139．4
145．8
45，2
213．4
258．6
18．4
129．1
147．5
23．8
130．0
153．8
3
6／V産1．
’46
2nd’
4．6
41．2
45．8
4．5
149．卜
154．0
7．1
68．e
75．1
36．0
163．0
204，0
4
．91V玉1
’48
1st
2．9
448．2
451．ユ
3．5
456．1
459L6
37，．2
654．2
691．4
412
784．e
825．2
5
rt／ri
’49
2nd
O．5
75．6
76．1
IJ
160．3
・161，4
0
10．5
10．5
1．2
15．．o，
16，5
6
5’煤^IV
’49
2nd
3．6
289．4
293．0
1．8
883．3
885．1
4．9
402．1
407．0
3．0
605．6
608．6
7
5／IV’49
2nd
3．4
438．5
442．0
7．1
622．5
629，6
2．6
598．8
601．4
8
21！1［II
’50
2nd
70
000りO
70COJ
7．8
2｛ O．8
29． 8．6
3．6
460．3
463．9
9．0
732．0
741．’O
e．7
910．0
910．7
9一
21／II・1
，50
2nd
1．4
69，5
70，9
2．8
35．3
38．1
1．5
1 071．5
1 073．e
O．4
758．0
758．4
10
28／1V’50
2nd
2．R．
leo．s
102．8
．，i．8
116．8
119，6
O．8
153，2
154．0
2．0
72．0
74．0
11
28’Vt7vl
’50
2nd
2．3
328．8
331．1
3．9
226．7
230．6
・12
召／▽r
’50
1st
5．0
266．5
271．5
6・戸
336．0
342．s
2．0
476．0
478．0
3．0
774．0
777．C
13
6iVI’50
1st
・14
6／VI’50
ist
2．01 1．5
245．Oj 253．0
247．01 ・’ 254．5
1．5
298．5
’300．0
0
278．5
278．5
3．51，， O．5
320．01 461．0
323，51 461．5
0
580．5
580．5
Mean
3．1
216．0
・219ユ
．4．3
305’ D6
309・，9
i．6．・．7
373．2
’379． ，9
1．sl 12．2
536．OI 464．7
537．5i・476．9
Table of tinalysis of varitin6e in A exp．
1〈，O
Replicate
Error
Total
Table of analysis of variance in B exp．
ss
538．26
7 125．09
1 550．69
9 214，04
DF
122
11
．V
538．26
・593．76
129，22
25
F
4．17
4．59ec’一x・
・ ，K，O
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
659．60
20 759，85
2 323．88
23 743．33
DF
10り3
1127
V
65g．6e
1 596．91
178．76
F
3ピ69
8．93ecce
9．．ω
諄牒》O、OぴQ詩貸、縛蔑ミ衡恥．ミ軸趣恥．、酬鳴讐概bご鳶偽紳帖矯．自．
（㎝
?jb。㊤
Table 13． Showing the influence of P20s－manure upon the formation of’ @sporoqochia of
the causal fungus on the mulberry ・stems
90覧嗣。唱ヨ
A
exp．
B
exp．
P20f）一given
P20s－not given
P20．s－given
P20b－not given
漁・f－exp． 1
、亡鑑晦．響 A”wi．f’ lf tsupplied stem
Large
smanTotal
・Large
Small
Total
Large
Small
Total
Large
Small
Total
6．0
157．3
163．3
3．3
156．3
159．6
5．8
145．2
151．0
45．2
213．4
258．6
2
8／VII’46
1st
6，3
322．7
129．0
3
6／VI童
’46
2nd
4．6
41．2
－45，8
5．1
137．3
142．4
5．5
127．7
133．2
4．2
39ユ
43．3
38．2
171．2
209．4
23．s 1 36．0
130．0 1 168．0
153．8 1 204．Q
4
8／VII’48
1st
2．9
448．2
451．1
5
20／III ’50
2nd
O．7
300．0
30017’
3．1
693．0
696．1 1
3．0
479．6
482．6
40．1
727．0
767．1
41．2’
784．0
825．2
1．2
338．0
339．2
O．7
910．0
910．7
6
21／III
’50
2nd
11．4
69．5
70．9i
3’ r？・
232，8
236．o
0
813一．3
8明き，3
4．0
7s8．0
758．4
7
24／II1
’50
2nd
2．3
100．5
・102．8
O．6
76．9
77．5
O．9
3e7．2
308．1
1．5
337．0
338．5
8
27／IV’50
2nd
2．0
147．8
149，8
2，0
72，0
74．0・
9 1 10 卜
27／IV’50
2nd
28／1V’50
’2nd
426
427
11
28flV’50
2nd”
3．9
226．7
230．6
O．3’
114．5
114．8
73．0
0ρ071’
DO，
38．6
39．6
M卿
3．5
177．1
180．5
3，’2 ’
・2s9．3’
262．5
8．9，
301．9
31P，8
14．2
341．1
3s5‘3・
Table of anarysis of variance in A exp．
P20s
Replicate
Error
Total
Table of analysis of variance in B expL i
ss
235．34
4 341．68
370，59
4 947，61
’DF
－ρ0£U
Z3
v
i235．34’
723，61
61．77
F
3．81
11．71veM
P皇Os
Replicate
Error
TQ則
ss
110．iO3
15 286i1
1 847．50
1．7 24，3．64
DF
100
． 112J
v ’110i．03’
’1 528．61
184．75
己F
8127鞭
餌
6。O（㎝。。）
犀吋①μ蜜諺6dO
O●．．も
No． 3 Pa彦hological Studil壱S．．げthe‘‘B％4 Bli8ht，，1Z． （59）31二
” ’ ’ 2．IResul’ts
N－experi職ent．．．．
The mulberry stems of （A）：experiment （see the previous chapter） were．L
supplied for thisi inv’e’ stigation．’ The investig’ations were carried on from 19416・
to 1950． The results are shown－in Table ll．
The result qf．． analysis of variances of the data in Table 11 ＄hows that the
sporodochial formation on the mulberry stems of N－little plot・is les＄・thanJ
that of the other plots （N－much and N－very mueh plots） ．
K20－ex塗er且膿eR寛 ．
碇
The investigL．tionS were also carried on・ from 19．46 ，to 1950． The re，f nit＄
are given in Table 12．
The result of analysis of variarices of the data in Table 12 （A exp； andl
B exp．） shows th2t K2’O－manure has no infiuence on the’ sporodochial forma一一
tion en． ．tbg．mglbgrry stems． But if the data・ ．coincerning mq．lbgFry． sk．e．m，． s in．
th・g・Qゆ9．・tag・．（N・・1・2・3・4・ユ2・13．・・414）ゆe・・e t・ゆu睡・m th・・
table 12 and their variances are analysed （the following tables）， we can knowT
that K，20－manisre has’a repressive infiuence on the sporodochial formatien on．
the mulberry stems．
Tab！e pf analysis of variance in the
growing stage of’ stems in’ A exp．
Table of analysis of variance in the，
growing stage of stem in B exp．
K，O
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
80．64
1 701．65
36．24
1 818．53
DF
－戸◎ρ◎
13
v
8e．64
283．61
6．e4
F．
13．35ee
46．96eeee
K，O
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
80！．e6
7 418．55
3e3．01
8 522．62
DF
－ρ0ρ0
．v F801．06i ls．86－e÷e
．1 236．431 24．48繰6e．s6S’
13
P2es－experiment
The’ihvdstigat・ion＄ were alse carried on from 1946 to 1950． The reSults
are shown in Table 13．
The result of analysis．ef varianges of the data in Table 13 （A exp， and B
exp．） shows that P20s－manure has no influence on the sporodochial formation
on the mulberry stems．
3． ．．Conc］usion
From the results of the・writer’s experiments which were mentioned above，
32 （60） ． Takl〈en MATUO， ’ No． 3’
it is concluded that the sporodochial formation on the mulberry stems is
羅訊麗謂盤，，’1謡lle灘。廟謙u濃。1番ごr鯉9
2． The lnfiuence of Mangre upon the Formation g．．．f Perithecia・of
the Causal Fungus ， ． ，
T・he perithec・ ia of the causal fungus are formed en・’ ，the perithecial stroma
Whieh appears on dead mulberry ’stems’：
1． 1｝vfaterials and Methods
The experiments of this section were done as the sequei of these of the
previo，us section． Perithecial storomata forming typical perithecia appear on
the mulberry stem media about after a month’s culture since the inQculation
◎f th・ ・au・al fu・g翠・・Th・・umber・f p・rithec圭・1・t・Q叩t・w・・rPea・ur・d tw・
months after the inocu工ati． 盾氏D
2． Results
The results ox” the measurements and・ the
data are given in’ 狽??@tables 14， 15 and 16．
analyses．．of， vayiances oE the．
Table 14． Showing the influence of N－manure upon the form．atig．．n of perithecial ・
＄tromata of the causal fungus on the mulberry stems
口oa｝o唱日
No． of exp． 1 2
，、。壁鎚，璽
，。轟ol，。卑1…
N－litt］e
N－much
N－very much
1 3eo．e
470．0
700．0
8／V・II
J46
1st
20e．0
375．0
472．0
3
6綿甲．
2nd
4
8／VII’46
2nd
ii
2 350．Oi 1 as9・L・0
795．01 1 030．e
775．01 1 463．e
5
5／IV’49
2nd
558．9
165．2
534．4
6
5／IV’49
2nd
257．8
672．2
357．8
7 8
5／1V ・1
’49
2nd
10／V’50
2nd
212．91 778．0
解早己．399・0
353．91 778．0
Mean’
889．7
530．9
679．3
Table of analysis of variance
N’Replicate
Error
Total
ss
51．69
361．07
192．81
605．57
A
DF
274
123
v F．
25．85
51．58
13．77
1．88
3．75ee
v
No．3 Pathological Sindies of tJ2e’“Basd Blight” ll． （61） 33’
Table 15． Showing the infiuence of KsiO－manure upon the formation of perithecial
stromata of the causal fungus on the mulberry stems
の〇一α嘲。℃口剛
No． of exp．
Date of．
stem cUtting Age ofsuppliea stem
Aexp．・
B
exp．
1
6／VII’”S6
1st
K20－givenl 492．Ct
ff’ 6’9’g一’ ’iven F一’ ‘65’e
K20－given
K，O－
not given
2
8／VII’46
ユst
3
6／VII’46
2nd
176．3t 76e．0
465．／91， 76e．o
．635．41 295．2
．720．41．123：e
590．Q
6eo．e
4
18111
’49
2nd
430．Cr
s2s，e
331，0
．564．0
5
与／W’49
2nd
R20．e
353．・6
6
5／IV．
’49
2nd
40：9
56．2
1
331．．3
244．41
’
31．6
13．e
7
21！111
’50
2nd
124．．8
207．5
78．3
98．9
8
21／工II
’50
2nd
144；8
121．7
341．2
448．．5
9
28／亙V・’
唐
2nd
62‘6
i18ユ
121．e
・39．7
1e
28／亙v
’50
2nd
Mean
283．5
341．9
224．5
133．3
298．0
298．6
Table of a，nalysis of variance in A exp． Table of analysis of variance in B exp．
K，O
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
1．69
86．11
3．7e
DF
188
91 ．50 17
v
1．69
10．76
0．46
F
3．67
23．．39鞭
K20
Repl・icate
Error
Total
ss
e
91．26
6．36
97．62
DF
－◎V◎V
19
Tabl，e 16．．
v
o
le．14
0．71
F
14．28“eee
Showing the infiuence of P20s－manure upori the formation of perithecial
stromata of the causal fungus on the mulberry stems
至く10． of exp爲
の。各も唱ヨ出
Date of
stem cutting Age of
supplied stem
P20s－
A1 givenexpiP20s－ not given
Bilexp．
P20ri’一’
givenP20s－no．t given
1
・6tVI
’46
1st
2
8XVI・’ S6
1st
492．el 1・Z6．・3
235．01 470．e
3’
6／VI’46
2nd
’760．0
521．e
418．e
720．4
r
34ss．el 600．0
1
123．01 696．0
1
4
20！巫1．
’50
2nd
124．8
134．2
119．1
98．9
5 6
響i響
7
27i’IV
’se
8
27／IV’se
2nd
144．8
152．8
1
604．e
44S．5
2nd 2nd 1 2nd・
62．6ii 一
105．31 一
77．7
643
89．e
39．7
233．7
ユ33．3
9
28／IV’50
2nd
18．3
8．3
10
28flV’50
2nd
108．8
153．5
Mean
293．4
269．7
261．7’
248．6
Table of a’nalysis of variance in A exp． Table of analysis of var’iance in B exp．
P20s
Replicate
Error
Total
ss
O．14
43．83
－le．20
54．17
DF v F
－FO511’
e．14
8．77
2．e4
4．30
P20s
RePlicate
Error
Total
ss
e．Q9
99．75
9．43
Xe9．27
DF
噌⊥◎り◎V
19
’v F
o．eg
11．08 10．55鞭’
R4．ご（62う Takken rv（［AIE）UO， No．・ 3
3．・ ConclitSion・
一Frona the results of the writer’s experiments which were mentioned above，
it’：is concluded that the formation of perithecial stromata 6n mulberty’ stems
is not：in舳enced by N一， K20一， er P全05－manUre so far，．as the．writer’s experi一
：ments were concerned．
一IJI． THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE UPeNi THE FORMATIeN OF…・
WOVND PERIDERJM［’ IN TffE ，1）v（［ULBERRY TREES ’AND THE
ADDETIONAL ］）iSCUSS｝ON OF ’THE PATHOLeGICAL
SgGNIFffCANCE OF THE WOUND PERIDERM
『The wound periderm is formed around出e扇戯ed or di合6as6d註6a 6f．．th6
』b・・k。f th・皿ulber・y t・ees in th・g・・wing・t・g・． Th・w。it・・iPv。・tig・t・d振
狽??@previous paperC30） the ／seasonal ehange’ @of the formation of the wound
，．，periderm （wound cork layer） in the mulberry trees and a1so the formation
degree of the wound periderm in the variOus varieti’es of rr｝ulberty trees， and
．．
??@diseussed the pathological’significance o£ the wound periderm． ln thiS
“．chapter he is going to state the resuits of his investigations cbncernlng the
influence of manure upon the ［ormation o［ the weund periderm in the mulberry
trees and also to have．the additiona玉discussion of the pathoユogica1． significa且ce
・ef the wound periderm．
Many investigators（50，9， iO．54，59，43，60，6i，45， ete・） have discussed the pathological
唐奄№獅奄?奄モ≠獅モ?@of the wound perlderm which is Eormed around the diseased area
of var三〇us plants， and it was厩erred by出em on the basis． of the results of
their hi＄tological observations that the wound cork layer stopped the advance
of the causal fungus． But the forrnatlon of the wounsl periderm is infiuenced
not 6nly by the character and condition of the host but also negatively by the
invasion power or the advance speed of the parasite； that is ’to say， the
．wound periderm is formed as磁e resu工t of the host－parasite interaction：
BRowN（8） expresses some doubt as to whether the cork layer really functioriS
≠煤@all or whether it is formed after the fungus has been stopped by some
・．… モ??高奄モ≠戟@means．・ So it is not too much to say that we cannot know the real
”pathological．sigtiificance of the wound cork layer． lf we stand only on the
．result of the histf 1ogicag observation of the diseased area．
The witer intended to know the’ pathoiogical ． Significance 6［ the wound
／．periderm as he tried iR．．．the previous ・paper by the．pa．． ethod of． inquiring intq，
伽・el・tio・b・tweep中・f・・m・ti・頭・g・ees◎f th・w・岬…k．．ユ・yer a「o耳唄
・二沈11e cut injury （by a razor－edge） on the mulberry stems of vaぼious Plots． and
No．，1－3 Pathological Studi．es of the．“Bptd Blight” IL （63） 35’
the resu1七s『「of．the ’i． inoc面atio血eXptl timents，to．the．mulberfy：ste血s・of出e Same
Plots． The formation degree of．．the wo囎d cbrk layer a士ound．the．． cut inlury
depends only on the character and condition of the host and is not infiuenced
by a parasite． ． ． ．． （1） ’Materials and Methods・
The．／，＄upplied mulberry trees are those euitured simultaneously with those
which一 wete used for the’ inoculation experiments in ChapteT 1．．
Acut injury（about l cm工ength）was inflicted o且th6 baτk at the midd16
part of each mulberry stem with a razor－edge． Sections．of the tissue at the
fniddle part of the cut injury were made by free hand and were stained with
Sudan Ili for the purpose of observing the formation degrees of the wound
cork layer． Each time 10 mulberry stems were supplied for each plot．
一 （2） Results N－eXperimeRt
The injury expeTiments were carried out in 1950 and 1951． The experi一
Table 17． ’The infiuence of N－manure upon the．formatiQn of the wound cork layer
around the injury cut on the mulberry stems； the result of
the investigation in 195e
Date
Injur一 ・ Obser－
ing ’ vation
71v茎二29／v亙
151v互一4／VI亙
16NI－5／VII
（Mean）
Kind ef plot
N－li士tle
NTrnuch
N－very much
N一工ittle
N－much
N－very much
’N一・little
・N一一much ・
N－very much
Cortex I
4．63
5．e2
4．43
3．6e’
3．92
3．76
4．3e
4．eo
．3．ユ8
N－little
N－m’浮モ
N－very much
4．18
4．31
…3．79
Cortex II
5．67
6．93
5．82
5．22
5．12
4．56
6．09
5．33
4．80
5．66
5．79
5．06
Phloem I
4．89
・6．6e
7．23
4；48・
5．22
4．64
Phloem 璽
P劉羅潤 cells
6．85
7．26
6．46
6．83
6．92
7．34
5．86
5．48・
5．40
・ 5．9e
5．51
5．24
i 6．67
5．49
6．02
5．98
5．98
5．63
6．49
5．37
5．71
5．15
．6．ユ0
6．61
4．89
4．56 ，
5．20
6．ユ4
4．85
5．el
Mean
5．67
6．47
6．32
5．09
s．78
5．70
6．46
6．e8
5．96
5．e1
5．05
4．87
5．93
5，e9
4．99
6．43
6．e9
6．23
5．39 1 5．54
5．17 1 5．54
5．61 i 5．39
Note； Cortex 1’ahd’II medh the outer and innet’’”Patts of cortex． The boundary of
them is the s．tone cell：i’？hloem 1， II ’and III inean the outet， middle ana inner
parts of phloem． Figures in the table show the．average’number of the wound
cork layeny． ．
学
．36 （64＞ ’@Tak ken MATUO’ ’ ’ ’ No． ，3
Tabre 18、．↑he in且ttenbe of N－manur巳upon． the for憩atiQn of「the． wOun．d． cork・
lrye「． a「ound the i瞬y’・cd・t on．the． mulbe「「y sterPs・the翠畔of己一・．ゾ
． the investigation in 1951
． ．囁
Date ofサ ゆ り
mjurmg
31／V
2／V・ff
5／VI
（Mean）
Kind of plot
N－little
N－muchNTV，ery，，mu¢h
N－little
N－much
N－very much
N－little
N－muchN－very’@much
N－little
N－much
N－very much
Nurnber of wound cork layer ・・．’
5一一6tb day
O．31
0：08
0：00
O．11
0．38
’O．14
c．oo
ceoO．31
O．14
0．15
0．15
．．10－11th day
2，32
2［73
1．52，
2．45’
2．or
2，03
1．64
1二47
0．98
2．14
2．27
1．51
16th day
4．22
F：4響31
3ご8S：
’2．99
2．80
3．33
3i92
・，3．71
3．71
3．71
113．．61
3．64
Note； ‘Number of wound cork layer’ shows the mean value of the wound cork
；ayers which were gorrried in va．rious tissugs． ・ ’
ments in 1950 were carried out to make clear the formation degrees of the
wo囎d c◎rk Iayer， and the experiments in 1951 were done to make clear the
speed of the wound cork iayer formatibn as well as the formation degrees of ド
the wound cork ］ayer． The results are given in Table 17 and Table 18．
The data （mean of each exp．） in the table 17 and those （number of
wottnd cork layer on 16th day） in the table 18 are recemposed in・・Table ’19．
［［’able 19． Analysis of variance of the－wqund cork 一layer formation
in N－experiment
No． of exp．
90五
噛。唱ε
N－little
N－much
N－very much
1（’50）
5．67
6．47
6．32
2（’50）
5．01
5．05
4．87
3（’50）
． 5，93
5．e9
4．99
4（’51）
4．22
4．31
3．88
5（’5J）
2．99
2．80
3．33一 一
6（’51）
3．92
3．71
3．71
Mea且
4．62
4．57
4．52
NReplicate
Error
．
Total
ss
O．0342
19．2386
1ユ549
20．4277
DF
25．ハU
117
v
O．0171
3；8477
0．1・155
F
33．31ec，ee
No． 3 Pathological Staedids bf tke “Bizcl Blight” IZ （65） 37
and the’@variances． of t＃．e fermtltign dgg．rees・of thg． wound’cork laY’ er are
analysed． ，． ’
Table 19 shovgTs that the differences of the． formation degrees of the wound
perid・・導．． 增Et・vveen’．P1・ts is．蝋sig・i丘・a・t．・t 5％1・v・1．
The writer must discuss here ．the difference． o｛ the speed of the．．woUnd
cork layer foTmation between N－plots， because the speed of the formation may
b・di廷e舩b・tw・6・th・pl・t・・nd・ffect・diff・・さntly the adv・nce・葦th・騨・al
fungus though the fermatipn degrees of the wound cork Xayers are not differ－
ent between the ．same plots． Table 18・ seems to suggest， however， that the
speed of the fermation al＄o is not different among the p“6ts．
鼠2《＝｝一．包簸《丑 P2｛》5－ex夢eri腿eヨ玉重
The injury， experiments were carried out ih 1950． ［the xe＄ults are given
in the tables 20 and 21．詫
Table ．20． rl“he infiuence of K20－manure upon the format｛on of the wound
cork layer around the injury， cut on the mulberry steix｝s
Date
Injur一 Obser－
ing vation，
7／VI－29NI
in
Kind of plotCortex I
Cortex II
Phloem I
Aexp．
L“ 一 ． IK20－givenl／ 5．00
K，O一 1． 4．74n6t given l
6．36
6．25
6．42 ・
6．30
Phloem 璽
BIexp．1
7．77
6．80
K20 Lgivenl 3．821Slg？一given’1 3’38
5．14
5．23一．
5．21
4．95
6．29
6．2e
Phloem H亙
7．19
7．04
Ca皿bium．，and un7 ．．
differe豆一’Mea且
tiated cells
151v亙一4／v亙匿
A’
exp．
7．23
6．01
．6．66
6．19
K20－givenK，O－
not given i
・農；8二・・…
eXP’ 奄獅Ut’ given
16！V亙一5／V亙亙
Aexp．
K20rgivenK，O－ugtE－glygEt givepr，
3．32
2．80
4．56
4．33
3．58
3．51
4．87
4．93
5：31
4．75
B
exp．
3．97
3．16
K20－givenj・ 3．56K，O－ 3．．15 ・not given i
4．93
4．63
4．98
4．82
5．le
4．58
Zrg’Twwl’wwmaEr．66，，
4．61 ．i 4．19
6．50
5．s3
6．65
5．1・7，
5．37－
4．45
5．90
5．23
5．40
5．07
5．60
s．x3
4L98
4．44
4．87
5．30
5．54．
5．21
5．42．
5．22
5．55
5．65
5．49
5．45
4．88
4．9ユ
〈Mean）
5．64
5．’
V4 i
’6．48
5．05
5．60 ’V 5．14
5．33’ ．／ 4．8X．
K20－givenA． K，O一一eXP－ ^a6t given
6，7．8
5．40
5．．，3g． 1
4．60・1
4．10
3．57
5．30
5．13
5．6Z
5．21
6．23
5．49
6．24
6．oe
轟儘幾留1：1： 4．99
4．92
4．91
4．591
5．53
5．57
．1 6．18
5．51 ／
6．08
5．47
5．59
5．15
6．31
5．34．
5．26
4．88
Note； See the note of Table 17．
38 （66） ’ ’， Tal〈ken MATUO N一 o．3 Table 21． The infiuence of ？2Qs－manure upon the formation of the wound
cork layer around the injury cut on the mulberry． stems
DateKind of plot
In］’ur一 Obser－
ing 一 vation
7／V亙一29／V亙
15／VI－4／VII
16／VI－5／VII
Aexp．
B
exp．
Aexp．
Aexp
B
exp．
P20Er givenP20s一 not glvenP20．s－
givenP20s－not g量ven
P20i，if
givenP20s－not givenP20s－
givenP200r－
not given
Cortex I
5．00
4．87
Cortex II
6．36
5．e6
4．08
3．38
23ロ
3
78ロ
2
3．97
4．e9
5．17
5．23
4．56
4．51
4．98
5．57
Phloem ・1
6．42
6．e1
5．55
4．95
Phloem 亙II
7．77
6．39
6．22
620
Phloern II／1
Cambiumand un－differen－
tiated cel王S
7．19
7．14
7．23
6．27’
Mean
（Mean）
Aexp
6．66
596’
iP20s‘
given
P，Os一 Inot given i
3．21
3ユ5
P20f，一
give且P20s－n6t ’ №奄魔?
4．le
3．94
IPL，Ori一 ’
B 1’ given
exp．IP2Qs一］ not 9圭ven
3．65
3．27
7．19
s．s3 ［
5．31
4．78
5．37
5．50
5．90
5．67
6．16
5．17
1
5．4e
4．78
5．73
5ユ3
5．le
6．oe
4．22
4．61
5．3e
5．05
4．70
4．92
4．58
4．19
5．61
5．60
5．07
4．57
5．54
5．82
5．28
5．22
4．98
4．69
5．64
6．e9
5．6e
6．54
6．06
5．05
5．35
5．40
5．14
5．69
32ロ
6
09コ
5
5．75
5．71
6．24
6．30
6．63
5．44
4．78
4．60
6．08
5．86
5．59
5．45
5．76
5．29
5．26
4．87
Note；Se6 the．note of「tabie 17．
Mean． vaiue of each time in A aud B experiments in the tables．20 and 21
や五srecempOsed i蝕Table 22 and 23 respectively， and the variances of the wound
cbrk layer formation are．． analysed．
Table 22． Analys圭s of variance Qf the wound cork layer fQr血aもion
in K20－experime且t
No． of exp．
Kind ef exp．
弔。嵐
噸。唱£
K20－given
区20－not g三ven
z
A
6．66
6．19
2
B
3
A
5．60
5．13
4．98
4．44
4
B
4．88
・4．91
5
A5．14
4．81
6
B
5．30
’4．60
Nl ［ean
5．43
5．01
K，O－
Replicate／
Error
Total
ss／
DF
O．5122
3．9434
0．1544．
4．6100
155
v
ト
O．5122
e．7887
0．0309
11
F
16．58cece ．
25．52ec－ce
，
句
No．． 3 Pathol∂gi（；al Siudies Oプthθ‘‘Budβ1ガ9乃ご，，1乙
Table 23． Analysis of variance of the wound cork layer formation
in P20r，一experiment
（67） 39
No． ef．exp．
Kind of exp．
ぢ鳳
嗣。も忘
P20tt，一given
P20s一一not given
1
A6．66’
5．96
2
B．
5．73
5ユ3
3 4
A A
4．98
4．69
5
BMean
5．14 4．78
5．69 4．60
5．46
5．21
P20r，
Replieate
Error
Tota！
ss
O．14884
3．26414
0．48566
3．89864
DF v
614・4
O．14884
0．816e4
0．12142
F
9
t．23
6．72英
’
The table 22 and 23 indicate that the forrnation of the wound cqrk layer
is not i．nfiuenced by P205一血anure， but promoted by K20－ma且ure．
（3） Discussion
From the results of the wrlter’s experiments which were stated befere， ・it
・was’ 汲獅盾翌氏@that the formation of the wound cork layer was not influenced．
by N－manure and P20s－rnanure， but promoted by K20－manure． On the other
hand it was known by the results of the inoculation’experiments in Chapter
Ithat the development of the “bud b1ight” in the growing stage of．the
mulberry trees was infiuenced by N－manure， and not 1nfiuenced by K20－manure
as we11 as P2es－manure． Frem these results it can be concluded that the
formation degree of the wound cork ］ayer has nothing to do with the develop－
ment degree of the disease so far as the writeris experiments in this paper is
concerned．
In the previous paper（30） the writer investigated the seasonal changes d；’of
’the formation of the wound periderm （or wound cork layer） and also the
formation degrees of the wQund periderm in the various varieties ol the
mulberry trees and discussed the ’ oathological significance of the weund
periderm． ・ He concluded that the wound periderm had a very important defen－
sive function against the invasion of the causal fungus， but it was not the
enly defensive facter against the invasion． The result of the investigations
．加this¢hapter seems t・co簸丘rm the i蹴er．part o董出e previo“s co且clusi◎遡
that the wound periderm is not t’he only defensive factor against the invasion
of the causal fungus．
40 （68） Takken MATUO／No． ’ R・
亙V．THE至NFLUENCE OF．MANURE． UPON THE MA亙N CHEM亙CA：L
COMPONENTS OF THE BARK OF THE MULBERRY TREES
AN亙）THE PATHC）LOGICAL SIGN互F互CANCE OF亙T
The writer．is gOing to state ib this chapter．塩e infl耳ence of ma撫re，up◎無
癒em・in che血ica1・・脚・nents・f the bark・f th・muilberry stems． and t坤・
pathological significance of it． The wo顕d cork IaYer which脚as stated in
癒epreviquS chqpter iS fOrmed On1y in．癒e mulberry treeS Of the grOwing「
stage． And the pathological significance of it．may co箪cer並。且1y’the 量u皿ctio難
ロ◎董出edefender agains；t t艶‘沁vasion ott the causal fungus i迎the growing
…g・・fm・1berrY・・eep・b・・．・he chr・g・斜・f th・ ・h・mi・a！ e・mp・n・・…f・h・
mulberry stems are sゆpo3e母to be co加ected with the vari◎us pheロomena，．
出at is， the development of由e disease in出e not－growing．刀f
狽≠№?@as well as in
戯egrGwエng stage，出e formation degree of磁e sporodochia and perithecia，
etc．丁負e writer analysed，五rst 6f a11， the bark of the mulberry ste1ns Of N－
and K20－Plots曽hich are in 出e growing Sもage，．becatise七11e inffuenc奄of
N－manure upon t翠e deveiopment of the disease and癒at of N－a丑d K20－manure．
upon出e sporodochial formatioh were very remarkable in the groWing stage
．o董．施e． m．ulberry．色rees．． ln additio皿出e幅ter must．state．．・here the． result．of
．藍iS．anOther inveStigation虚at the．in蝕e且Ce◎f manure upOn the formatiOn Of
．sp・姻・・hi… th・ba・k．（sePar・t・d f・・m． t取・w・・d・ and pitti．・f． th・・t・rPう
showed癒e．same t叩de皿cy as・搬at－o血the Whole mulberry Stem．．（having th傘
wood a聾d pith as we玉l as．出e bark）。一
1・丁蟻・且…ce。f N－and K・0－M・購e・pq翠．噸￥・1・ Chemi・a耳ρ・m”
ponents of the Bark of the Muiberry Trees in恥e GroWing Stage
T盆e血st year．ste環s or twigs of磁e mulberτy trees．， w璋ch were cultur嘩＝
simulta且eously wi癒those w鼓ic蝕were s．upPlied f◎r the experiments、』in the．
．Previous・chapters， Were cut蜘m癒e bases on∫uPe亙・f．1950， and their bark
．騨s．SUPPユied f・r．・the analyses・．
（1）Genera1・hemical・・pap・脚t． 、．．．．．
@Materials騨ere apalysed after the． usual manner（55）．． Analytic興玉res鷹s．
werβexpτessed by the va1Ue．撫100 parts．．of．．dry．matterて％）and．alsQ・by癒e
魔¢ｯe．．P耳。翠nit Volume．of dry’．tissue．powder（昇2；．23・5D・．．’丁掛e．l results WhiCh．． Were
己expres．sed． by魚e勧◎th．夏nethods．showed士he．＄i．血三1ar．teロdeacy．exCept a．few
，substances：；．丁取e罫es硬1ts are．曲。禰．、 i草Table 24．、．．．’．・・・…．1． iF．．．・…タ・＝．．＿．・
．。．ゴ1』．．．．ゴ
Table 24．
it’・・． ’ t〈／1’iiEl－6Fna f 一””
N xx expresslon
Plot
Chemicalcomponent 一一×一一
The．i”figenCe Qf N｝ a’1d K・〇一manu「e t’pon the gene「a’ Yic£l c塑Qne尊t of th弓ba「k of the m望堕strmr
八伍oisture
Crude ash
SiO2
SOg，
Cl
P20，s
KnO
Na20 一
Cao
M琶OTotal N
Proteinous N
Not－proteinous NTotal
carbohydrate Crude fibres：“ vater ．q．oluble
total N ．Amides of
｛ amino acids Amino acidE
Ammonium N ．
Vac iue in IQO partS bf dry matter （．e／，）
N－experiment．
．N一 ＝N二．．．．．．．．．．N－very
littl・皿塾．．III！1・h
279．6
7．94
，0．53
Q．42
0．22
0，76
2．22
．e，37
1．92
0．23
1，43
0．66
0．77
9．92
28，09
0．39
0．02
0．13
0，03
289．0
7．49
0，47
0．30
0．24
0．69
1．92
0，26
1，82
0．31
1．68
1．03
0．65
9，C4
31，59
0．45
0．03
0．14
0．03
259．3
6．83
0．35
0，26
0．25
0．69
1．8Ci
O．41
2，05
0． 5． 6
1．9］
1．12
e．79
10．52
28．48
0．58
0．o：一
〇．14
0．03
K20－experipaent
A－exp．
1〈20－ K2．σ二hδモ
gtven glven
308．1
7．81
0．61
0．54
0．25
0．73
2．18
0．42
1，98
0．51
1．74
1．e7
0．67
10．41
25．01
0．41
0．Ol
O．19
e．o1
279．4
7．25
0．53
0．3／
O．27
0．82
1．87
0．48
1．83
0．58
1．71
1．0臼
O，63
10，30
25．11
0，47
0．Ol
O．18
0．02
B－exp．
Value pfo unit volume of dgy tissue powder （ing／cm3）
1 rexperiment
1〈20－experiment
A－exp．
R12δ二． ts fi（）＿110t．
gltyg！Lg！ven gly．e．！t
266．7
7，43
0．34
0．39
0．20
0．6i
2．22
0，42
1．68
e．45
1．86
0．99
0，87
10，28
21．44
0．58
0．Ol
O，20
0．O1
267，？． ，
6．37
0．35
0．38
0，22
0，55
1，84
0．40
1．29・
e．57
1，83
1．06
0，77
11．49
22，32
0．75
e．ol
e．2e
O．02
’N一一
little
1 499
42．6
2．8
2．3
1．2
4，1
11，9
2．0
10．3
1，2，
7，7
3．5
4．1
53，2
150．6
2．1
Q．1．
e．7
0．2
N－N．v。，yl－ j，0－K，〇二。δf．rmm－uch muc］i I given tinten
1 379，
35．7
2r2
1．4
111
3．3
9．2
1．2
8．7
1．5
8．0
4，9
3．1
46iO
150．7
2ユ
0ユ
O．7
0．1
1 343 1．1 331
35．4［ 33．7
1．81 2，6
1．31 2．3
1，31 1．1
3．61 ・ 3，2
9．31 ．9．4
2．li 1，8
10．61 8．6
2．9i 2．2
9．91 7．5
r， ．81 4．6
4，II 2．9
54．51 45，0
147．5」 108．0
3．OI 1．8
0．21・ O．04
0．7i ’ O．8
e．21 e．04
・1 336
34，7
2．5
1．5
1，3
3．9
8．9
2，3
8．7
2，8・
8，2
5，2
3，0
49．2
120．0
2．2
0．05
0．9
0．1
B：’exp，
K，O一 琿0毎δtg！，ysvermn一一．g－iye．n．．．一．
1 133
31．6
1．4
1．7
0，9
2，6
9．4
1．8
．7．1
1，9
7；9
4．2
3．7
43．7
91．1
2．5
0．04
0．9
0．04
1 333
31．8
1．7
1．9
1．1
2．7
9．2
2．0
6．4
2．8
｛・1．
一5；4
3，8
57，3
．111．4
3．7
0104
1．O
O．1
・…F・e・hm・t・・i・1曽・・sしIPpli・d・
9Qo
自帖》ONO偽㍉昏織N惣ミミ説服ミ．駄隷“．．財淺蹴蜘勘σ◎浮執鳩讐霞‘
（＄）爵
42 （70） ’Takken ）！vaATUO No． 3
Looking over the ta’ble 24 we can find K2e， MgO and protein to be the
substances the quantity－change of which runs parallel to the resistapce－change
of the mulberry stems in the growing stage against the invasion of the causal
fungus in N． 一plots and also to the formation－change of the sporodochia ln
N－plots and K2e－plots．
（2） Glucese， starch， and fat by microchemical methods
Materia！s for starch一 and fat－investigations we’re fixed in formalin acetic
alcohol no． 2， and those for the giucose－investigation were supplied without
fixing． Cross sections of the bark tissues at the middle part of the lst year
twig were made by free hand； and glucose， starch and fat were investigated
by Fehl五ng’s solution method， Jodjodkalium method：and Sudan鵬me癒od
respectively． These substances were investigated three tiines （each ’time 6－8
sections of each plot were observed）． The average result oE the three times
investigat｛bns is曲own in Table 25． Figures in出e table show面e formation
degree； they are obtained from the average values of various formation
degrees （O－none， O．5－very gittle， 1一］ittle and 1．5－much）．
Table 25 seems to indicate that the accumu］ation o！ glucose is influenced
by N－manure and that of Starch by K2Q－inanure． But as each result of three
times examinations舳ctuated fairly much， Inore experiments musガbe carried
out befere the writer comes to the conc］usion．
（3） Amino acids by paper chromatography
Dry powder（0．3 g）of materia1◎f each plot was hydroユysated in．6N－HC1
（4cc） at 115－1200C £o，r 18 hours． Protein ，and the other high－molecu’lar
nitrogenous substances are considered to have been dissolved into amino acids
aftey this procedure．
The method of two－dimensional chromatograms was taken using 4e cm2
filter paper （T6y6－reshi no． 2） and large Petri dishes into which solvents were
poured． The material hydrolysate which was put as a dot qn the趾er paper．
was developed upwards or the filter paper firstly with the mixture of phenog
leO ： dist． water 23 （in volume） and secondly with the water saturated mlxture
of butanol 4： gracial acetic acid 1 （in volume）． The deveiopment was done・
under the natural temperature in bell jars． The’e．2．0／e－ninhydrin butanol soltt－
tiQn was spraYed en the filter paper to know the presence of amino acids．
And Rf values of the amino acids were measured． On the other hand chemi－
cals of various amino acids were used and examined of their Rf valttes on the
No．3 Pathological Studies of the “’‘Bud Bli．g． n’t” II． （71） 43
亀
Table 25． The influence of N一 and K20－manure upon the accumulation of glucose， 調
starch and fat in the bark of the mulberry stems in．the growing stage
Kind of plot
Kind of ＼ ロ へ
tlssue’＼
N－experiment
Epidermis
Cortex chlorenchyrna
Cortex collenchymh
Phloem parenchyma
Phloem medu晦ry ray
Cambium and un－ differentiated cellg．
Total
N：一一一’一N’一”’一’ 垂香|verlittle much much
13
エ3
13
1．2
1ユ
1．3
7．5
1．1
1．2
1．1
1ユ
1．O
O．9
6．4
エ．0
1．工
1．2
1．2
e．g
O．8
6．2
K20－experiment
A exp．
K20－ K20－not コ
91ve血 91ven
1．2
1．3
1．2
1ユ
1ユ
1，4
7，3
1．2
エ．2
1ユ
1．O
O．9
1．0
6．4
B exp．
ΦのOO三〇
謀2＄の
Epidermis
Cortex chlorenchyma
Cortex collenchyrna
Phloem parenchyma
Phloem medullary ray
Total
Epidermis
［Cortex chlorenchyma ｝
…
Cortex collenchyma
お£Ph1・em p・・engb．ym・
lPhl。，mm。d。11。，y，。y
Cambium and un－ di．fferentiated cells
ITotal I
K20一 K20＝notglven glven
o．e1
1．5
e．7
0．8
1．e
4．01
O．03
工3
0．6
0．8
0．9
3．63
0
1．o．
O．7
1．3
e．7
4．0
∩δ5FD
O∩V∩）
6447
コ ロ ロ コ
0∩UO2
2566346
ロ ロ
コ ロ ロ ロ コ
0000002
9臼rDρn）7rD
コ ロ ロ
コ
ロ
0．（U（U（UO72
の03
o，e3
1ユ
O．7・
1．O
O，8
3，63
一 ． 」
1．2
1．3
1．2
1．1
1ユ ・
1．e
69
1．2
1．2
1．2
1ユ
1．1
1．4
7．2
O．O1
1．O
e．4
i’O．9
e．6
2．91
騒。β．αβ㎝腿艇鍼
34576．・50
コ ロ ロ ロ コ コ ロ
0⑪0（UOO3
0
1．3
e．6
1．2
e．7
3．8
o
e．s
O．6
1．2
0．7
3．3
2rO6ρ◎6FDnU
の
コ
コ
ロ
0000003
肥鵬鵬艀舗胚部
same filter paper by the same method． The Rf values o£ the amino acids in
the material hydrolysate were compared with those of the amino acids of
chemicals in order to determine．’狽??奄奄メ@names． The results are shoWn ・in the
table 26．
歓．．
ら
Tabre 26， 1〈f values o£ amino acids in the barl〈 hydrelysate of the mulberry stems
gt・．．
N遭t The mix’ture of phenol leO ： dist． wat． 23
1〈ind of
amlno acid
Glycine
Alanine
Ser量11e
Valine
Leucine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Histidine
Prolintt．
Unknuwn A
l｝ B．
n C
Chemicals
68558206433
2．4．．．2772385．28
00000000000
In bark hydrolysate
N－little
N一 N－verymuch much
1
484631012153G1
24267238528347
000000000000GO
36163100910180
2誰2お72忍3‘42β’337
00000000000000
46352008903208
24267237428346
000000000GOOGO
1〈20一 1〈20－not
glven glven
36362006909278
242β72B’742’733お
00．0000000QOOOO
9μ4151
2。42
β7
000100
エ．0り2200「
D8
7、4
0田0
Qり9一178
ユB33石
00000
The water saturated mixture of butanol 4： graciar acetic acid 1
Chemicals
一．
84りD19
ユ32浴あ
0∩VOOO377098
33お万2。3
0．．0己．．0．000
’ln bark hydrolysate
N一一
littleN一一 N－verymuch much
713678．75577085
1325622642．3222
00000000．0000．00
70478095669286
㎝α3α2砺αβα3σ2α燈偲q2脇α2皿。2
6044，697654919
’1
R2。5β22β4’2322
000000000⑪000
5②0・
1（20－ 1（20－110t コ ロ
9iven glven
62376565549085
13256226423222
000000000000GO
7ー
ユ93
0．G
437995679196
2’5お2。2β42322’2
0000000QOOGO
v
薩（『b。）
皿犀騨Φ嵩蚤臼αO
O．◎⇒．
No． 3 Pathological Stuclies．・’of’the “Bpttl Bliglit” ll． （73） 45
Looking over the table 26，・we can knQw the presence of the folloviTlng
amino acids with 3 unknown substances in ・ the bark hydrolysate of the mul－
berry stems of all N一 aind K20－plots； glycine， alaqnine， serine， valine， leucine，
aspartic acid， gltitamic acid， phenylalanine， tyrosine， histidine， and，proline．
2・． The． Pat・hological significance of the Change of the iMain Chemical
Components of the Bark of the Mulberry Trees in the GTowlng
Stage in N一 and K20一 Experiments
SuzuKi・C4S，49） stated that K－N｝｛4 ratio in riee leaves was rela”L’ed to the re－
sistance of the rice pldnt to the blast disease： The result一 of the wi”iter’s
experiment concerning the ash ingredients in the bark of the mulberry stems，
which were shown in Table 24，’ 奄獅р奄モ≠狽?п@that the change of the am－6uht of
K2e （and・ also MgO） ran parallel to the change of the resistance of the mul－
berry stems ’狽潤@the invasion of the causal fungus in l－experiment oand also to
the change of the・sporodoch｛al forniation in N一 and K2e－experiments． The
change of 1〈一NH4 ratio in the bark also runs p：rallel to the change of the
resistance of the・mulberry stems and also to the change of the sporodochial
formation．． But the writer・ thinks that 一it is very dicacult to deterrnine・ experi－
mentally the pathologic31 significance of the ash ingredients；At a町rate
anQther inVestigation mltst be’planned in ．future te・determine the pathological
significance of K20 or K－NH4 ratlo and also MgO in the bark of the mulberfy
trees．
TAHARAC52）．thought that the growth of PiricuZaria Oryzae BR．・et CAv．
was promoted when tixe balance of various nitrogenous． substance＄ broke in
rice leaves， for instance， vLThen the density of nQt－pro．teinous N rose in com－
parison・with that of protein． SAKAMoToC40） stated that the increase of sus－
ceptibility of r・ice leaves to the blast disease owing to N－manure depended on
that accumulation．of ammonia in the leaves which had the injurious in－
fiuence upon the．function of the cells of the rice leaves． However， the results
of the writer’s experiment which wefe shown in Table 24 jndicates that the
amount of not－proteinous nitrogen otfree aMmonia in the bark did net always
run parallel to the change of the resistance of・ the mulberry trees to the
invasion of the causal fungus in N－experiment and a！so to the change of the
sporodoehial’ formation in N一 and K20－experiments．
OTANiC37・39） g． tates that the change of the susceptibility oE， the’rice leaves
to the blast disease depends on the change of the amount of so］uble organic
N compounds （especially nt－amino acids and basic amino aeids） in the rice
leaves． He（37．38） regarded these compounds as the nitrog’en seurse’of the
46 （”／’4）
Takken MATUO No． 3
grow山or the prGduction of enzyme of Piricularia Ory2ae BR．．et CAv． whic丘
invaded沁the rice leaves． TANAKA and KATsuKI（53） a互so stated that the i且＿
crease of am1ds in the rice plant under出e＄usceptib互e condition promOted the
grow磁of Piriculari’a Ory2ae．BR． et CAv． ALTEN and ORTH（1）studied the．
reiation betwee皿amino acids contained 1n t壼e tubers and the leaves of the
potato and the susceptibility of the potato to Ph－vtophthora infes～短％s DE BARY。
They found out that both the co且centration of arginine in the tubers and the
leaVeS Of t．he pOtatO and the reSiStanCe Of the tUberS t◎・the inVaSiOn Of the
causal fungus were raised by K－ma且ure． On the other hand they recognized
that arginin （and．a工so sulphur－containing amino acids）checked the germina－
tion of the sporangia of the causal fungus． Ma町other investigators（5・7・13・14・
24・25・26・27・28β1・33・34・35・44・etc・）have a1So Studied the influence of amino acids t◎the
growth or the sp◎re f◎rmation of various fungi、 These experimental results
suggest that the influence of amino acids t◎the growth o士the spore forma－
tion of f面gi is not de加ite and varies wi出the kinds of amino acids as well
as those of fUngi．
The writer iロvestigated th◎se kinds of amino acids which were produced
as the results of protein hydrO五ysis （or ln free state） in the bark of the mu1」
berry’ste組s by the paper chromatography董n the prev三〇us section． He is now
going to inquire in竜。 the infiueロce of塩ese ami且。 a6．ids to the growth and
the sporuiation Of Gibberella laterilium（NEEs）S． et H． The fundamental
components of出e medium which was supPlied for this experiment are as
follows K2HPe，5g， MgSO40．2 g， sucrose 10 g， water l l a且d agar 20 g．
Varlous amino acids of chemicals were added to出e fundamental components
in the proportions◎f 1％，0．1％a且d O．01％per the amount of water． The／
cultural experiment was done in test tubes出ree times at abollt 25。C． Each
time 5 test tubes of medium were supPlied for each amino acid． The average
results of these experime餓ts are曲。職訟the table 27． The data三皿the
table 27 indicate t蝕at the e廷ect of amino acids to’the growth◎f G． lateriti刎％
（NEEs）S． et H． is且ot de五nite and varies wiぬ癒e kinds of the amino acids，
but the e任eCt Of ami且O acidS tO the SpOre fOrmatiOn．Of the Same fUnguS三S ヨvery remarkable and pr◎motes the spore formatign without exception so far
as the writer’S experiments are concemed．亙七waS kn卿n by chemical analyseS
in the previous section that N－manure．promoted the amount of protein in出e
bark but K20－man蟹e diminished it a little．亙t was also know卑．in Chapter I豆
of this paper that N－manure promoted the sporodochiaほormation of G． Jateri一
隅田刃◎且the mulberry stems but K20－manure diminished it in the growing
Sta黛e◎f the mulberry treeS． These experimental reSUItS Seenl to Suggest that
No． 3 Pathological Studies of the “Bud Blight” II． （75） 47
Table 27． The effect of various araino acids to the growth and the sporulation
of G． lateritium （NEES） S． et H． ’L
Amino acid
Kind ％ added
Giycine 1
ーム0
1eO．1－Alanine
1
0．1
0．Ol
SerineOユ
。．el
Growth
（hyp霊舗蹴f。m）
2．e9
2．14
2．37
ユ．12
1．65
2．38
Spore formation
Pionnotes
＋＋（＋）
十十
＋（＋）
SporedochiaTotal
十十
十十十
十
十
十十
十 十十十十
十十十
＋（＋）
＋＋＋＋（＋）
十十十十十
＋＋（＋）
十十十十十十．
十十十十
＋＋（＋）
1．82
2．40
dl－Valine
1－Leucine
ユ
O．1
0．Ol
r
1
e．1
0．O1
2ユ5
2．16
2．16
1．7e
2ユ5
2．4ユ
＋＋（＋）
十
十
士
十十十
＋（＋）
十］
＋（＋）
＋＋（＋）
十十
＋＋＋（＋）
十
1－Aspartic acic1
1．一G］utamic acid
e．el
…＋＋ナ＋（＋）
十十十十
十十十
十十十
＋（＋）
十
十
±
十十十
＋＋（十）
十駒．
2．26 十 十 十十
。ユ
・O．O1
2．34
193
＋＋（＋）
十
・ 十十
＋＋十
…＋＋＋＋（＋）
i十十十十／1
e
’E
dレPhenylalan三ne l 直
1
0．1
e．o1
2．ee
2．36
2，23
ラ
十十十
（
＋＋（＋）
＋＋（＋）
＋（＋）
＋＋＋（＋）
＋＋＋（＋）
十十
1－Tvrocine
1－Histidine
O．1
e．e1
2．10
2．75
＋（＋）
（＋）∵ ＋＋＋（＋）
＋（＋）
O．1
0．O1
2．38
2．65
十十
＋（＋）
＋＋（＋）
十
1－Proline
…
…＋＋＋＋（＋）．t．一t．一一÷一．s．．＋一）
1
0．1
e．ol
2．63
2．81
2．64
（Control） o 2．36
十 十十十十
十 十十十
十 十
±（＋）
十十十十十
十十十十
十十
（＋）
Note； （1） pH values of the media before the inoculation ot the fungug一 were pH
5．2－7．0 except those of aspartic aciq． （e．1．0／， ：pH 3．e一一3．1 and not coagu］able） and．
glutamic acid（1％；pH 3．0一一3ユand not coagulable）． （2）1％plots of serine，
tyrocipe and histidine were not established from the beginning． （3） ‘Growth’
was rneasured when 5 days had passed since the inoculation， and ‘spore forma－
tion’ was measured when 20 dayg had passed since the inoculation．
48 （76） ’Takken rvlATUO No． 3
the degree of’the spore formation of．一G． lateritium （NEEs） S． et II［． can’be
explained by the amount o£ preteSn （er amino acids as the product of protein
hydrolysis）． lt may be doubtful that the differences of the spore formation
en the mulberry stems among N一 or K20－plots depend wholly upoR the differ－
ences of the amount of protein （or amino acids as the prodqct of protein hy－
drolysis） in the bark of the rp． ulberry stems amcng the same plots． But the
wr．lter cap say wlthout a mistake that the differences of the amount oS protein
（or amino acids as the prOduct of protein hydrolysis）1n日uence more or工ess
the spore formation o’f the causal fungus on the mulberry stems．
SaRgEktwary
This paPer dea．lt with the pathological studies of the “bud b1ight” of
midberry trees， especial］y of the infiuence of manure upon the dev’ ?撃盾垂高?獅煤@of
this disease and the formation of sperodochia and perithec i a of the causal
fungus， The mulberry trees which were cultured in the round pots （75 cm
or 95 cm diameter， 120 cm depth， bottomless） and buried in the soil） one tree
in d’ne pot， were supplied for these investigations， and the following results
were obtained．
1． N－tnanure has no infiuence on the development of the “bud blight’S
of mulberry trees in the not－growing stage （autumn， winter and early spring）
though the same manui－e promotes a little the development of the disease in
盤egrowing stage of mulberry trees． Thisτesult is very in七eresti皿g frGm
the pathological qnd also practical points of view， because the development oE
this disease in the not－growipg stage of mulberry trees is far more conspicu－
ous and destructive than that in the growing stage of mulberry trees． K28－
manure and P2es－manure have no influenqe upon the development of this
disease in the growing stage as wel］ a＄ in the not－growing stage o£ the
mulberry trees．
2． The formation of sporodochia ot the causal fungus on the mulberry
stems is promoted by N－manure， but is repressed by K2e－manure only in the
growing stage of the mulberry trees and is not irifluenced by P20s－manure．
On the other hand the formation of perithecial stromata of ’狽??@causal fungus
・nth・．豪ﾈerry，st・m＄ i・．i曲・…dth・ith・・by P・0・一院・躍e… by N一・nd
K20－manure．
3． The formation degree of the wound periderm （or wound cork layer），
No． 3 Pathological Studies of tke “Bud Bli．oht” IL ． （77） 4g
which is formed around the injury on the mulberry” stem in the growing
stage， is．「promotedりy ・K20－manure， but is not in舳e丑ced by N－and P205－
manure． lnquiring inte the rela’tion between’ the formation degree of the
wottnd cork玉ayer and the de寸e工opment degree◎f磁e disease沁the喜rowing
Stage in N一 and K2e－experiinents， the writer． could know ．the follgwing fact
that the formation degree o£ the wound cork ’layer had nothing to do with
the development degree of the dis・ease． This result seems to． confirm the・
latter part of the fo11owing ． writer’s conclusion， which was stated in the
previous paperC30）， that the wound periderm has a very important defensive
function against the invasion of the causal fu’獅№浮刀@but is not the only defen－
sive factor against the invasion．
4．． The infiuence of N一 and K20－manure upon the main chemieal com一・
ponents of the bark of the mulberry stems was investigated． KtC）， MgO and
protein Were found as the substances， the quantity－change of which ran．
parallel to the resistance－change of the mulberry stems to the invasibn of the，
causal fungus （in N－experiment） and also to the change of the sporodochial
forma・tion （in N一 or K20－experiments） ． The wcriter discussed especia：，ly on the，
ihfiuence of the aMount－change of the． protein ip the bark upon the sporedo－
chial formation of the causal fnngus． ’The kinds of ． aminQ acids which were
produced by the hydrolysis of the． protein in the bark （gr in f；ee state．） were
investigated by the paper chromatogTaphy； and glycine， alanine， serine， valine，
leucine， aspartic acid， g］utamic acid， phenylalanine， tyrosine， histidine arcd pro．line．
were found． 一・ The writer confirmed by anot“ner investiga． tion that these arp．ino・
acids promoted without excePtion the．，’sporQdochia1 formation ’of ．the causag
fungus． From the results of these experiments・the wtiter’ concluded that the・
differences of the amount of protein （or ．amino，acids as th’e products o£ the
protein・ hydrelysis）・’ in the bark of the・tnulberry stems among ’N一 or ’K20－plots－
infiuepced more or less the difference of the spore formatibn of’the causal．
fungus’ on the same・mulberry st’ems．’
（1）
（2）
賑意e夏a引目e¢量愈e翻
ALTEN， F． und C＞RTH， H． ； Untersuchungen tiber den， A！．p．一inQsauren， gehal・t und die－
AgfElligkeit der Ka．rtoffel ge． gen die Krau“．’ und，KnQIIenf2ule （PkytQibntkordi’
’infe．s． ians DE ’BARY）． Phytopath； Zeitshr．・Bd． 13， S．．・243－271， 1940．．
AR．L“．IY．1，・PMI，．S・．．； ．’Stg． ．di．eF ．’on． deter．：n， ing the amount of 3 important ，elements of’
ma．n．／ure一．一fQr／・mulberry／trees．’ （ln Japanlese．） Rep．，Saitama－Sangyo，shil〈enjoS Vbl．．
26，．p． 1－132， 1936；．’．．， ’．． ． ・ ・ ．． ．，．．，’・
50 （78） Takken rmTUO No・ 3
〈3）
・（ 4）
〈5）
く6）
（7）
（8）
〈9）
ae）
〈11）
・（12）
）』
31（
r（14）
t（15）
く16）
・i（17）
く18）
q19）
； Studies on the nourishment of mulberry trees by the water culture method．
IXI． On tbe infiuence of P20i on the growth of mulber1y trees． （ln Japanese．）
Jour． Seric． Sci． Japan． Vol． 12， p． 271－281，1941．
；Studies on the nQurishment of mu王berry trees by the water culture method．
Iv． en the infiuence of KLO on the growth oi mulberry trees． （ln Japanese．）
Ibid． Vol． 13， p． 255－264， 1942．
BAKER， R． E． D．； Observations on the conditions for spore formation in Sporodinia
grandis LINK． N一 ew Phytol． Vol． 30， p． 303－316， 1931．
BONING， K．； Beitrtige zur Kenntnis des parasitischen Verhaltens． Zeitschr． fur
Parasitenkunde Bd． 2， S． 645－755， 193e．
BRENNER， W．； Die Stickstoffnahrung ．der Schirnmelpilze． Cent． Bakt． Abt． IJ．
Bd． 40， S． 555－647， 1914．
BRowN， W．； The physiology of the hosVparasite re1ation． Bot． Rev． Vol． 2．， p．
236－281，ユ936． ．
CoNANT， G． H． ； E｛istological studies o£ resistance in tobacco to Tkielavia basicola．
Amer． Jour． Bot． Vol． X4， p． 457－480，．1927．
CuNNINGHAM， H． S．； A study ef the hi：tologic changes induced in leaves by
certain leaf－spotting fungi． Phytopath． Vol． 18， p． 717－751， 1928．
GAssNER， G． und HASSEBRAUK， K．； Untersuchungen Uber die Beziehungen
zwischen Mineralsalzernahrung und Verhalten der Getreidepfianzen gegen Rost．
Phytopath． Zeitschr． Bd． 3， S． 535－617， 1931．
und 一； Zweijahrige Feldversuche ifber den Einfiuss der DUngung au’f die
Rostanf琶11igkeit von Ge旋eidepflanzen． Ibid． Bd．7， S．53－61，1934．
HARTELIus， V． ； Glutamic acid， aspartic acid， asparagine and glutamine as anti－
growth substances for s－alanine・ Cornpt． Rend． Trav． Lab． Carlsberg． S6r
Physiol． Vol．． 24， p． 185－222， 1946．
HAwKER， L． E．；Physiology of fungi． p． 1－36e， 1950．
HEMMI， T．， ABE， ’D． and ENov－E， Y．； Studies on the blast disease of the rice
plant． VI． （・En Japanese．） N6jikairye－shiryo （N6rinsh6 N6seikyoku） No． 15Z
p． 1－232， 194！．
IDE， T．； On the relation between various P20s－compound＄ of manure and the
growth of rnulberry trees． Agric． and Hortic． Voi． 27， p． 696， 1952．
1sHエDA， Y．；Studies on 3三mportant elements of manure for mulberry trees． E．
The influence ef 3 important rnanure eleMents on the growth of rnulberry
trees． 20th a且nual meeting Qf the Sericu王ture Society of Japan， in Tokyo，
Apr． 195e （Speech）．
and KITAyAMA， S． ；’ The ihfiudnce of 3 important m2nure elements on the
weight of harvested mulberry leaveS and’ the growth of silkwormsL ’21th annuai
meet－ing of the SericuitUre Society of Japan， i’n KyotO， May 1951 （Speech）．
JIBIK：1．， K．，． etc．；Stud董es． o且the呈．n伽enc60f 4 impOrtant：．τ血段hure ele血ents upon
the growth of mulberry trees and also the food－value of the mulberry leaves
No． 3
（2e）
〈21）
〈22）
〈23）
〈24）
（25）
〈26）
〈27）
〈28）
〈29）
1（30）
〈31）
（32）
〈33）
〈34）
，（35）
」Pathological Studies o／the‘‘Bud石工g乃∫，’．乙～． （79） 51
to silkworms， Cln．Japanese，） Rep． K：umamoto－SangyQshiken∫6。 Vo1．5（No．
1－6），p．1－180，1950． ．
KOBAYAsHI， S． and YAMAUcHI， H、；0聡 the in且u壱nce of K－m鋤ure uPon the
grQw姪of mulberry trees and the quality of mulberry leaves．1． ◎n the in－
fiuence of K－manure upon the inorganic components especially upon K20 in
mulberry trees． （亙n Japanese．） Jour． Seric． Sci． Japan Vol．14， p．17－23，
1943．
a亘d ；On the inf玉uence of K－ma旦ure up6n the growth of mulberry trees
and the quality of the mulberry Ieaves． II． On the 三nfiuence of K＿manure
upon the am◎unt of carbQhydr｛弐te in mu！berry leaves． Ibid． Vol．14， p．15G－155，
1943． 「
コ ロK6KETsu， R．；Uber die Brauchbarke至t und Zweck皿Essigke1t der“pulvermethode”
fUr die Bestimung des Wassergehaltes im P且anze且k6rper． Bot， Mag． Bd．93，
S．169－175，1925．
K：OSTYTSCHEW，、S・；Lehrbuch der P且anzenphysiologie・Bd・2， S・137，工931．
LEON玉AN， L． H．；Agtudy of factGrs promoting pycnidium formation in some
Sphaeropsidales． Amer． Jour． Bot． Vol．11， P，19－50，1924．
aロdLII工Y， V。 G．：Studies Q葺the nutrition of．fungi．亙． Thiamine， its con．一
st圭tuents， and the source of nitrogen． Phytopath． Vo1．．28， p．531－548，1938．
and ；Studies on the nutrition of fungi． IV． Factors influen．cing the
growth of some thiamin－requiring fungL Amer・Jour． Bot． VoL 27， P．工8－26，
1940．
工ILLY， V． G． and BARNETT， H． L．；Physiology of the fungi． P．1－464，1951．
and LEONIAN， L H．；N五trGgen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevi5iae．
Proc． West Va． Acad． Sci． Vol．16， p．60－70，1942．
MATu．0， T．；Studies ill the concepts of the species and the physiologic form in
Fusarium causing the bud blight of mulberry tre．es． Jour． Fac． Text． Serie．
Shin＄hu Univ． No．1， Ser． A， p．45－81，，95ユ．
；Pathological studles of the“bud blight ． of mulberry trees．1． On the
Qccurrence and developlnent of the disease．亙bid． No．2， Ser． A， p．1－43，ユ952．
MI：写， A．」．；Factors affecting the sporulation of P勿Zlosガ。∫αsoZ伽磁in artificia1
．6ulture． Phytopath． Vol．23， p．503－524，1933．
MORI， S．， YuAsA，．T． and NAKAJIMA， T．；On the relation between N－K：2（）エatio
of ma且ure and the susceptibility of the rice plant to‘‘Helminthosporiose”．
The annual meeting of the PhytopathQlogical Society of Japan， in TokyQ， Apr．
1949 （Speech）。
NIELSEN， N。 uロd HARTELIUS， V．；Untersuchung曲er die・Wuchstoffwirkung der
Aminostiuren gegenUber Hefe． Bioch． Zeitschr． Bd．295， S．211－225，1938．
und ；Versuche tiber den Einfluss desβ一Alaning auf das Wachstum von
．Aspergi〃us．niger．．Ib：（i． Bd．296， S。171－173，エ938，
und ；Untersuchungen壼ber die Wuchstoffwirkung vonβ一Alanin，β一
ち
52（80） tt Takken MATUG No、3 謬
AlanyレGlycin， Asparagins2ure， GlycylasParaginstiure dnd verwahdte Stoffe auf
Hefe． Ibid． Bd．296， S．359－366，1938．
（36） OKAMOTO， H．；On th6 relation between manure ahd the occurrence of施e blast
disease of the rice plant． Hokuriku． Byogaichukenkyukai K．aiho．．No．1r p．
17－18， 1950．
（37） OTANI， Y．；0且the relation． between the principal compo且ents of rice plant an（l
its susceptibility to the blast disease． The an且ua正meeting of th母．Phytopatho一．
10gical Society of∫apan， in Kyoto， May 1951．（Speech）． ． ． ．． ．
（38） ；0且growth． factors and nitrogen sDurces of Pi．ricaslaria Oryz・ ae CAv． Ditto，
（Speech）． ． － ．． ． ．・
（39） ；Studies on the relation between the pr三ncipal components of． rice planむ
and its susceptibility to‡he blast d三sease，亙li．（亘n Japanese．）．．． Ann． Phytopath．
Soc． Japan． VoL 16， p．97－102ン1952． ． ． ． ．
（40） SAKAMoTo， M：．；On the relation between the resistance． of theエice plant to the
blast disease and N－manure．（亙n Japanese．）（Abstr．）夏bid． VGI．ユ2， p．：．57－59，．
1942．
コ（41） ScHAFFN｛T， E． und VOLK， A．；Uber den廼）infiuss der Ern萱hrung auf die Emp一．
fanglichk：eit der Pfianzen f伽ParasitenσTei1）． Forschungen auf den Gebiet／
der Pfianzenkrankheiten． Bd．3， S、1－232，1927．．r一 ． ．．．一
ロ コ（42） und ；Uber den Einfiuss de【Em琶hrung auf die Emp簸nglichke三t der．
pflanzen f蔽r Paras圭ten．（1互Tei1）． Phytopath． Zeitschr．ゴBd「 1， S． 5’35－574r
1929．
（43）SHAw・ L・；Studies…e・i・t・・ce・f．？pP｛・and otheU・sace・us plqnts t・fi「e
blight． Jour． Agr． Res． VoL 49， p．283－313，1934．
（a9）STEINBERG， R・A・；G・・wth・f f・・gi i・・yρth骨ti・nut・i・nt・。豆・ti・…．．’II・B・t－
Rev． Vo1．16， p．208－228，1950．
（45）STRU・KM・Y・R・・B・E・and Rlk…A」・・W・u・d－P・・id・・m i・・m・ti・再・white－pi・d
』 trees resistant to blister rust． Phytopath． ▽01．41， p 276－281，1951．．
（46） SuDA， K．；On the infiuence of i血portaht eleねents of．manure to七he．chemical
components and crops of mUlberry leaves． （ln J4panese．） BUII． Seric。 Silk・．
indus． Vo】．10， p．5－11，1937．
（47） SUZUK工， H．；Studies on the influence of some environmental’factors’on the sus一・
ceptibility Qf the rice plarlt to blast and Helminthosporium d三seases and◎n
the anatom量cal characters of the plant． IL 〕［nfluence of differences in soi夏
moisture and in the amQunt of nitrogenous fe士tilizer given．∫Our． Coll． Agric．
Tokyo亙mp． Univ． Vol．．13， p．235－275，1935．． ド
（48） ；On the K－NH4 ratio which is the essence of th¢resistance’of tice plant．
錨，豊，llsease．．（lp，・」apa4ese’）．Bdt・「and．．r？P”・． Vo1・．1；・’P・．．8e3T8e5 and’
（49） ；On the r6sistar1とe of t耳e．．t三6e pマant to the blaSt diSease and内．．the－water
drop on the rice leaves．．αh．Jaゴan色sの：：Agtic．．．laぬd Ho止．tic議．．、VoL．’19， p．344一
．． 、． 345，1944．． ． 一 ．．・ ． ．．l ttt． ． ．：．．．「．．1． ∫ ．．．．．．．． A幽． ・．．．．．．”．．噛’ 『．．．．．．
No． 3 P鋤0108吻1醜晒63qプtn’e“Bzzd Blight”エ～， （81） 53
（se）
（51）
（52）
（53）
〈54）
（55）
（56）
（57）
（58）
（59）
（6e）
（61），
’
SwARBRIcK：， T．；The heaHng of wound量n woody stems． Jour． Pomol． Hort． Sci．
Vo上．5， p．98－114，1926．
コ ロTAGUcH工， R；Untersuchungen廿ber die jahTeszeit工iche Anderung des Wasser．
．und Reservestoffgehaltes der Stengel und Wurzeln vom Maulbeerbaum．（ln
Japanese．） Bul， Sci． Fak． Terkult． K：y茸shu Imp． Univ． Vol．8， p．350－373，1939．
TAHARA， J．；On the for】ηs1：0f niヰrogen Wh．ich is contaihed in the rice p正ant and
some resu五ts of investigation＄concerning the resistance of the rice plant to
亡he blast d三sease （Prdim芝nary report）・ （’ln Japanese．） ∫our． Sci． Soil apd
Manure Japan VoL 9， p．550－554，1937．
TANAKA， S． and KATsuKI， H．；Growth factors of Piricutaria oryxae BR． et CAv．
The annua1 meeting of the Phytopathological Society of∫apan， in KyotQ， May
1951 （Speech）．
TOGASHI， K．；Studies on the pathology of peach canker． B血1．1． Co11． Agr． Fores．
Morioka No．16／P．1－178，1931．
Tokyo Un圭v．， Fac． Agr． Chem．；Nδgeikagaku Bunsek亙sho（ln Japanese．） Vo1．1，
p．1－354，Vo玉．2， p．エー667，1948． ・
TsuRUTA， S．， etc．；Experiments Qn the manure for mulberry むrees． （ln
Japanese．） Rep． Nagano－Sangyoshikenj6． VoL 16， p．55－120，1931．
UsHlwoDA， T．；S6ensehi nQ Kiso． （ln Japanese．）Sangyo－shinsho（Sa早shikyoku） とし No．7， p．1－40，1949． ． ＼ ．
N粛法難鷺ofmanu「ingthemu’ber「y ・（唖ese・〉
ノYOSHII， H．；Studi…nα・卿・・獅・漁・・々伽ゴMIYABE．亙V． On th・・／・nth・・c－
nOs’e of力鮒。ω痂tomentosa caused by GloeospoT’げunz Kaiva鳶amii MIYABE．（ln
，apanese．） Bu1． ScL Fak． Terkult．， KyUshu亙mp． Univ． Vol．5， p．524－545，1933．
；On the nature of immunity of Cucurbita rnoschata DUCH． and乙α9εηα7．’ia
leucanthαRUSBY to watermelon－wilt．σn Japanese．）互b三d， VoL 10， p．273－300，．
1943。
；The coliditions of the fGrmation of the wound cork layer which is the
resistance factor to the biackrot of sweet potatoes． （望n∫apanese．） Agri・c。 and．
Hort量。． Vσ1．19， p．663－664，1944．
’
54（82） ．T・kk・n融Tug 、Ngr3コ
ヒ． 垂
ゴ．O．璽x轡脚卿璽等el三・：1．ゴ．1．1鎖
Fig．1 Showing the formatio取σだsporodo6hia o．n’．the．lmulb．erry steln media．． IA N一
・．@li・七1の1・・㌶k．N一血・・h p1・・， C・N－ve・y．m・・h・P1・・一、、．． l
F’・．Q論th6「fOrmat’On Of per’thed’al・s‘r．maもa．：On即．rlrlr∵te血
Fig・．3．@Sh・w量・g．亡h・．1・ult・re・f th・m・lb…yt・ee・．（D・・．1951）．．一．二：，．．．・旧．一1
・ ： ・冠．． ■・・．・．．．・．『．． ，・．． ＿」．）
・・ ’ ．L．源．．’1．．．1．・．．
く…．・∴．．．．．．．． 1．．．．．． ．．．
へ弓．．．．．．．・・．…．：・．．・・1．1 ．．
・． P．．・： い．．、、 ．：＝』
、
’
Plate
