PathogensThings that make us sick

Protist PathogensChapter 21

What is a Protist?

Eukaryotes Anything that can’t

be classified as a plant, animal, or fungi

Unicellular and multicellular

200,000 species Classified by what

they are most closely related to

Animal-like Protists

Zooflagellates: Move by using flagella

Sarcodines: Move by pseudopods (false feet/temporary projections of cytoplasm)

Animal-like Protists

Ciliates: Move by cilia (short hairlike projections)

Sporozoans: can’t move on their own

Plant-like Protists Contain chlorophyll or accessory

pigments Carry out photosynthesis Able to move 4 Phyla of Unicellular Algae

Plant-like Protist Phylums Euglenophytes: 2 flagella, no cell

wall Dinoflagellates: Cellulose cell wall

Plant-like Protist Phylums Chrysophytes: bright yellow

pigments Diatoms (bacillariophyta): silica

(glass) in cell walls

Funguslike Protists

Heterotrophic Decomposers Have

Centrioles Lack Chitin

Cell walls

Types of Fungus-like Protists

Slime Molds: land Water Molds:

Aquatic

Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Transferred to humans by

mosquito bites Occurs mostly in tropical

areas The protist attacks red

blood cells and destroys them

Fever, achy, tired, anemia, jaundice,coma, death

Vaccinations available

Amoebic Dysentery amoeba called

Entamoeba histolytica Passed through

unsanitary food or water

Stomach cramps, diaherria, bloody stools, fever, weight loss

Boil water and only eat peeled fruits

Reason you “Don’t Drink the Water in Mexico”

Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis protozoan Transferred by sand flies Prevalent in the Middle East,

Africa, and Mexico Skin sores, fever, weight

loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anemia

No vaccination available

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Transferred by unsanitary

food and water and cat feces

Usually not symptomatic; elderly, young, and pregnant will develop symptoms that could be fatal

Wear gloves when cleaning kitty liter

Giardiasis Giardia intestinalis most common

causes of waterborne disease in the USA

diarrhea, stomach cramps, and upset stomach

Prevalent in hikers and backpackers who don’t sanitize their water correctly (iodine, filter, boiling)

Fungi Pathogens

Chapter 21

What is a fungus?

Eukaryotic Heterotrophs

Chitin (hard carbohydrate) in cell wall

Over 100,000 species

Groups of Fungus

Common Molds: fuzzy bread mold Sac Fungi: cup shaped, yeast

Groups of Fungus Club Fungi: have a large fruiting

body called a mushroom Imperfect Fungi: they don’t belong

in any other category

Athlete’s Foot tinea pedis shoes create a warm, dark,

and humid environment which encourages fungus growth

drying skin, itching scaling, inflammation, and blisters

Treatment = fungal creams Prevention = keep feet dry

Ringworm Tinea corporis Symptoms: Circular,

itching skin rash -- red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze

Highly contagious from other people and animals

Treatment = fungal creams and pills

Oral Thrush yeast fungus: Candida

albicans Occurs in 50% of the

population w/o symptoms

Symptoms occur with a change in mouth chemistry

Symptoms: White, cream colored, or yellow spots

Antifungal drugs and hydrogen peroxide rinses

Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Spreads through contact

with thorny plants, sphagnum moss, or baled hay

Symptoms: bumps and lesions similar to insect bites

Treatment = anti-fungal drugs

Prevention = wear gloves when gardening

Worm Pathogens

Ch.

Flatworms

Chapter 27.1

Types of Flatworms

Turbellaria free-living, marine or fresh

water,live on the bottom (sand, rocks, shells)

Flukes parasitic (external or

internal) Tapeworms

long and flat infect digestive tract

Tapeworms Taenia saginata

andTaenia solium Acquire eggs through

raw or uncooked beef Eggs grow into long,

flat worms that live in the intestine and feed off of your food

Symptoms: extreme weight loss, stomach pains, diarrhea

Blood Flukes Schistosoma Eggs spread by drinking

unsanitary water and skin contact

Eggs grow into blood flukes, that feed off of blood cells

Symptoms: rash, stunted grow, anemia

Asian Liver Flukes Opisthorchis viverrini Eggs spread through

uncooked fish Flukes infect the

pancreas, bile ducts, liver, and gall bladder

Symptoms: swelling of the abdomen, stomach pains, diarrhea, cancer?

Swimmer’s Itch

• schistosome cercarial• Spreads by infected

snails and birds• Common in most

Michigan inland lakes• Symptoms: itchy red

spots• Prevention: rinse off with

clean water after swimming

Roundworms

Human Diseases Filarial Worms

found mostly in tropical areas

threadlike and live in blood vessels

transmitted by mosquitoes block blood and lymph

passages causes elephantiasis

(enormous swelling)

Human Diseases Ascarid Worms

unsanitary water conditions in humans

fill digestive system, lungs, heart, and throat

reproduces inside host can kill if undetected heart worm in dogs

transferred by mosquitoes

Human Diseases

Hookworms 1/4 of world population infected hatch and grow outside of host

and live in soil attach and infect bare feet travel through blood stream and

intestines cause weakness and poor

growth

Guinea Worm Caused by the roundworm

Dracunculiasis. Get from Unsanitary water. Grow up to 5 feet long in

the body. Exit through skin and

release eggs when in contact with water.

Symptoms- nothing for first year, then blisters, nausea, swelling, diarrhea, rash, itchiness, dizziness.

Exit through lower limbs in lesions.

No treatment, but can remove with sticks around worm