Patapsco/Back River SWMM Model Part II – SWMM Water Quality Calibration Maryland Department of the...

Patapsco/Back River SWMM Model

Part II – SWMM Water Quality Calibration

Maryland Department of the Environment

Water Quality Calibration

General– Aggregate Five Subwatersheds– Focus on predominant land uses – Calibrate EOS loads to literature values– Calibrate Event Mean Concentrations

Detailed– Time series overlay– Comparative Analysis

Water Quality CalibrationUrban TSS and Metals Objective

– EMC (statistics of wet-weather events)– Unit Load (annual)

Parameters– Buildup Rate (Linear - Calibrated)– Build Limit (Set high)– Wash-off Coefficient (Based on Literature)– Wash-off Exponent (Based on Literature)

Calculation– Load = (Flow*Conc.) – EMC = Load / Flow

Results– Unique Solution of Buildup Rate

Validation– Timeseries Comparision

Water Quality Calibration Non-Urban Land Use (USLE) Calibration Objective

– Correlate with long term loading rate estimates USLE – Estimates gross long term erosion rate

– Parameters (Land use specific)R=Rainfall Energy (from BWI)K=Soil Erodibility (Soil type)LS=Slope Length Gradient Ratio (DEM)C=Cropping Management Factor (Landuse – Calibrated)P=Erosion Control Practice (Literature)

Delivery Ratio– Applied Based on Subwatershed Drainage to Baltimore Harbor

Parameter– Adjusted cropping management factor within recommended values

Literature Data Source CI HDR MDR LDR Water Open CL PL FL Barren

Baltimore City NPDES Report (1998) X X X



Harford County NPDES Report (1999) X X X

Harford County NPDES Report (2000) X X X

Frederick County NPDES Report (1999-2000) X

Howard County NPDES Report (1999) X X X

NPDES Monitoring (1992-1995) X X X X

NPDES Monitoring (1995-2000) X X X X

NURP Residential X X X

Urbonas and Stahre (1993) X

Howard County (1998) - Font Hill Tributary X X X

Baltimore County Storm Water Monitoring Data (CDM, 1996) X X X X

Baltimore County NPDES Monitoring (1990-1995) X X X X X X

Baltimore County NPDES Report (1998) X X X X



Event Mean Concentration References

Unit Load ReferencesLiterature Data Source CI HDR MDR LDR Water Open CL PL FL Barren

Baltimore City NPDES Report (1997) X



Harford County NPDES Report (1999) X

Harford County NPDES Report (2000) X

Baltimore County NPDES Report (2000) X X X X X X X X X

Jones Falls Water Quality Management Plan (1997) X X X X X X X X X X

Loch Raven Water Qulity Management Plan (1997) X X X X X X

Loch Raven Water Qulity Management Plan (1997) - model X X X X X X X X X

Corsi et al., 1997 X X

Horner et al., 1994 X X

Smith et al., 1991 X X X

CBP Patapsco/Back River (1984-1994) X X X



Maryland NPDES Monitoring Report (1997) X X X X

Watershed Station ID Station Location Constituent Sampling Period # Samples

Jones Falls 240 Sorrento USGS Gauge TSS 1/9/97 - 12/23/97 65

Jones Falls 241 Downstream TSS 1/9/97 - 12/23/97 59

Jones Falls 241 Donwstream Pb/Zn 6/17/97 - 6/12/98 62

Gwynns Falls 230 Villa Nova USGS Gauge TSS 1/9/97 - 12/23/97 58

Gwynns Falls 231 Downstream TSS 1/9/97 - 12/23/97 70

Gwynns Falls 231 Downstream Pb/Zn 6/17/97 - 6/12/98 78

Patapsco River 211 Hollofield USGS Gauge Pb/Zn 6/17/97 - 6/12/98 61

Back River 250 Herring Run USGS Gauge TSS 1/9/97 - 12/23/97 55

Back River (Moores Run) - Radecke Ave. Pb/Zn 2/28/95 - 1/09/01 809

Back River (Moores Run) - Radecke Ave. TSS 2/28/95 - 1/09/01 1231

Back River (Moores Run) - Biddle St. & 62nd St. Cr/Pb/Zn 6/10/97 - 8/15/00 41

Back River (Chinquapin Run) - Hillen Road Cr/Pb/Zn 6/9/97 - 8/15/00 37

Back River (Herring Run) - Pulaski Highway Cr/Pb/Zn 5/14/97 - 8/15/00 40

Water Quality Data

-DNR Core station TSS data available at stations 240, 230 and 211 (Data set contains mostly base flow samples)- Metals values not shown from 2/25/95 to 12/1/96 due to high detection limits

*All data collected by Baltimore City

SWMM Baseflow Concentration

Base Flow Data Source TSS Cr Zn Pb

Baltimore County NPDES Report (2000) X


Baltimore City Wastewater Facilities Master Plan (1997) X X X

Baltimore County DEPRM Watershed Monitoring Project (1997-2000) X

MDE Upper Western Shore Monitoring Project (2001) X

Constituent Gwynns Falls Jones Falls Patapsco River Baltimore Harbor Back River

TSS (mg/L) 4.17 5.15 6.19 4.66 3.06

Cr (mg/L) 0.00075 0.00062 0.00081 0.00069 0.00048

Zn (mg/L) 0.0184 0.0229 0.0154 0.02065 0.0286

Pb (mg/L) 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

References

Concentrations

Results

TSS

1

10

100

1000

10000

CI HDR MDR LDR WATER OPEN CL PAST FOR BAR

TS

S E

MC

(m

g/L

)

SWMM Model (avg)Literature (avg)MD 1992-1995MD 1995-2000Avg. baseflow conc/load

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200


TS

S L

oad

(lb

/ac/

yr)

Cr

0.00000

0.00100

0.00200

0.00300

0.00400

0.00500

0.00600

0.00700

0.00800

0.00900

0.01000


Cr

EMC

(m

g/L

)


0.00000

0.01000

0.02000

0.03000

0.04000

0.05000

0.06000


Cr

Lo

ad (

lb/a

c/yr

)

Zn

0.00000

0.05000

0.10000

0.15000

0.20000

0.25000


Zn

EM

C (

mg

/L)


0.00000

0.20000

0.40000

0.60000

0.80000

1.00000

1.20000

1.40000

1.60000

1.80000


Zn

Lo

ad (

lb/a

c/yr

)

Pb

0.00000

0.01000

0.02000

0.03000

0.04000

0.05000

0.06000

0.07000

0.08000


Pb

EM

C (

mg

/L)


0.00000

0.05000

0.10000

0.15000

0.20000

0.25000


Pb

Lo

ad (

lb/a

c/yr

)

Jones Falls

Jones Falls at Maryland Ave.Daily Flow

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Jun-

97

Jul-9

7

Aug

-97

Sep

-97

Oct

-97

Nov

-97

Dec

-97

Jan-

98

Feb

-98

Mar

-98

Apr

-98

Time

Flo

w (

cfs)

Pb Concentration Time Series Jones Falls (downstream)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Jun-

97

Au

g-9

7

Se

p-9

7

No

v-97

De

c-97

Fe

b-9

8

Ap

r-9

8

Ma

y-98

Pb

(m

g/L

)

Pb - BC Station 241

Pb - SWMM

Zn Concentration Time Series Jones Falls (downstream)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Jun-

97

Aug

-97

Sep

-97

Nov

-97

Dec

-97

Feb

-98

Apr

-98

May

-98

Zn

(m

g/L

)

Zn - BC Station 241

Zn - SWMM

Patapsco

Patapsco River at HollofieldDaily Flow

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Jun-

97

Jul-9

7

Aug

-97

Sep

-97

Oct

-97

Nov

-97

Dec

-97

Jan-

98

Feb

-98

Mar

-98

Apr

-98

Time

Flo

w (

cfs)

SWMM

Pb Concentration Time Series Patapsco River (Hollofield Gauge)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

Jun-

97

Au

g-9

7

Se

p-9

7

No

v-97

De

c-97

Fe

b-9

8

Ap

r-9

8

Ma

y-98

Pb

(m

g/L

)

Pb - BC Station 211

Pb - SWMM

Zn Concentration Time Series Patapsco River (Hollofield Gauge)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Jun-

97

Aug

-97

Sep

-97

Nov

-97

Dec

-97

Feb

-98

Apr

-98

May

-98

Zn

(m

g/L

)

Zn - BC Station 211

Zn - SWMM

Back River

Back River (Moores Run Gauge - Radecke Ave.)Daily Flow

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

De

c-9

6

Ma

r-9

7

Jun

-97

Se

p-9

7

De

c-9

7

Ma

r-9

8

Jun

-98

Se

p-9

8

De

c-9

8

Ma

r-9

9

Jun

-99

Se

p-9

9

De

c-9

9

Ma

r-0

0

Jun

-00

Se

p-0

0

De

c-0

0

TimeF

low

(c

fs)

Pb Concentration Time Series Back River (Moores Run - Radecke Ave)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

De

c-96

Jun-

97

Jan-

98

Jul-9

8

Fe

b-9

9

Au

g-9

9

Ma

r-0

0

Oct

-00

Pb

(m

g/L

)

Pb - BC/Radecke

Pb - SWMM

Zn Concentration Time Series Back River (Moores Run - Radecke Ave)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Jul-9

5

Jan-

96

Aug

-96

Feb

-97

Sep

-97

Mar

-98

Oct

-98

May

-99

Nov

-99

Jun-

00

Dec

-00

Zn

(m

g/L

)

Zn - BC/Radecke

Zn - SWMM

Best Management Practices (BMPs)

Uncertainty and variability in EMC– Instream sites from NPDES Report

Timeseries comparison of model vs data show reasonable concentration magnitude agreement

BMPs not explicitly included in model Established a baseline load scenario

Sub-Watershed LoadsAverage Annual Total Load (1992 -2000)

Sub-WateshedFlow

(MG/yr)TSS

(ton/yr)Cr

(lb/yr)Zn

(lb/yr)Pb

(lb/yr)

Baltimore Harbor 41,130 6,415 1,132 31,623 5,128

Gwynns Falls 24,851 4,495 529 15,797 2,826

Jones Falls 21,549 4,971 348 12,003 2,038

Patapsco River 71,335 25,205 961 25,963 4,841

Total 158,865 41,086 2,970 85,385 14,834

Average Annual Baseflow Load (1992 -2000)

Sub-WatershedCr

(lb/yr)Zn

(lb/yr)Pb

(lb/yr)

Baltimore Harbor 85 2,535 211

Gwynns Falls 68 884 144

Jones Falls 56 1,650 139

Patapsco River 320 4,753 671

Total 529 9,822 1,165

% Base Load 17.8% 11.5% 7.9%

Landuse

CI12%

HDR8%

MDR19%

LDR11%

CL12%

PAST3%

FOR28%

BAR1%

OPEN4%

WATER2%

Baltimore Harbor Watershed Land Use Loading Summary

CBP TSS Results (93-97)

Urban: 44.5%Crop: 28.4%Pasture: 4.1%Forest: 23.1%

Land Use TSS (tons/yr) Cr (lb/yr) Zn (lb/yr) Pb (lb/yr)

CI 6,462 1,793 41,173 6,258

HDR 3,056 212 11,131 2,207

MDR 4,687 393 15,365 2,747

LDR 2,307 225 7,731 1,135

WATER 40 3 125 78

OPEN 839 25 1,238 340

CL 15,737 89 2,861 552

PAST 2,845 26 816 155

FOR 4,941 200 4,830 1,333

BAR 172 4 116 29

Sum 41,086 2,970 85,385 14,834

Land Use TSS (tons/yr) Cr (lb/yr) Zn (lb/yr) Pb (lb/yr)

CI 16% 60% 48% 42%

HDR 7% 7% 13% 15%

MDR 11% 13% 18% 19%

LDR 6% 8% 9% 8%

Sum Urban 40% 88% 88% 83%

WATER 0% 0% 0% 1%

OPEN 2% 1% 1% 2%

CL 38% 3% 3% 4%

PAST 7% 1% 1% 1%

FOR 12% 7% 6% 9%

BAR 0% 0% 0% 0%

Watershed SourceArea (acre)

TSS (tons)

Zn (lbs)

Pb (lbs)

Back River MDE SWMM (1992 - 2000) 35,623 3,531 15,907 2,577

MDE HSPF (1993 - 1997) -2.4% -40%

Back River Watershed Water Quality Management Plan (Baltimore County, 1996)

-10% -30% 32%

CBP Version 4.3 (1993 - 1997) 31.5% 107%

Back River MDE SWMM (1999) 2273 241 979 166

(Moores Run at Radecke Ave.) Moores Run Watershed Plan (Baltimore City, 2001) 2.2% -1% 1% 12%

Back River MDE SWMM (1999) 3194 357 1536 261

(Moores Run Watershed) Moores Run Watershed Plan (Baltimore City, 2001) -5.2% 26% 21% 40%

Baltimore Harbor MDE SWMM (1992 - 2000) 271,162 41,086 85,385 14,834

MDE HSPF (1993 - 1997) -1.6% -40%

CBP Version 4.3 (1993 - 1997) -5.6% 118%

Upper Jones Falls MDE SWMM (1992 - 2000) 16,946 2570 3341 535

Jones Falls Watershed Water Quality Management Plan (Baltimore County, 1997) Sub-watersheds 1,2,3,4 & 8 year 1982

0.0% -57% -55% 19%

Lake Roland Project (Observed) (Urban Clean Lakes Initiative,1984)

-8.1% 703%

Lake Roland Project (NVDPC) (Urban Clean Lakes Initiative,1984)

-8.1% 71%

Baltimore Harbor MDE SWMM (1992-2000) 9,684 707 3946 638

(Bear Creek & Old Road Bay)Baltimore Harbor Watershed Water Quality Management Plan (Baltimore, County, 2000)

0.8% -31% 8% 181%

Jones Falls MDE SWMM (1992 - 2000) 6992 863

(Roland, Towson and Cochran Run)Lake Roland Project (Observed) (Urban Clean Lakes Initiative,1984)

-18.1% -22%

Lake Roland Project (NVDPC) (Urban Clean Lakes Initiative,1984)

-18.1% 21%

Comparative Analysis - Existing Studies

SWMM Calibration Summary & Conclusions

Focus on predominant land use for model calibration Calibrate EOS loads to mean literature values Calibration urban EMC’s to reported mean landuse

values Overlay model with water quality timeseries data Comparative Analysis Model supports overall trends (Flow, TSS and

metals) Next - Sensitivity of water quality model to NPS

Loads

Patapsco/Back River SWMM Model Part II – SWMM Water Quality Calibration Maryland Department of the...

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