FORM (I)AffirmativeRegular verbs: S + V + EDplay playedwalk - walked

Irregular verbs: V form 2 (see list of irregular verbs)write wroteread readbe- was (I, he, she, it)/ were (you, we, they)

FORM (II)Negative:S + DID NOT (DIDNT) + V

I didnt playHe didnt walkWe didnt writeYou didnt read

I wasnt/ we werent

FORM (III)Interrogative:DID + S + V ?

Did you play?Did she walk?Did they write?Did we read?

Was he? / Were you?

Spelling with -ED (regular verbs)1. Verbs in e, add only D: 2. Verbs in cons. + y, change y in i when adding -ED: carry- carried, study- studied, fry- fried, try- tried3. Verbs in vowel + y do not suffer any changes when adding ED: play-played4. Verbs in c receive k when adding ED: panic-panicked5. Verbs in l double l in British spelling; in American spelling there is no change: travel-travelled (Br. Eng.)/ traveled (Am. Eng.)

Spelling with -ED (regular verbs)6. Monosyllabic verbs, ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant when adding ED: stop- stopped,plan- planned, rob- robbed,beg- begged7. Bisyllabic verbs, with the stress on the second syllable, ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the final consonant when adding ED: reFER-referred; preFER- preferred, regRET- regretted

Usage 1. An action that started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:I saw a movie yesterday.Last year, I traveled to Japan. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car two hours ago.

2. Listing a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples:I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

3. Duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.Examples:I lived in Brazil for two years.Ruti studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day.They did not stay at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

4.A habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as used to. To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples:I studied French when I was a child.He played the violin.He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after school.

5. Past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression used to."Examples:She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

6. IF sentences type II. In the main clause we use present conditional (would + V) and in the conditional phrase we use past simple.Examples:If Ihada lot of money, I would share it with you.You would get a higher grade if you paid more attention.If I were you, I would handle those chemical substances more carefully.

Time Expressions

The Past Continous Tense

FORM (I)Affirmative:S + WAS/WERE + V + ING

I was playingHe was readingWe were writingThey were walking

Remember the rules on the spelling of verbs when adding ING!

FORM (II)Negative:S + WAS NOT (WASNT)/ WERE NOT (WERENT) + V +ING

I wasnt readingShe wasnt playingThey werent dancing You werent getting

FORM (III)Interrogative:WAS/WERE + S + V + ING

Were you writing?Was he reading?Were they dancing?

Usage1. Unfinished or incompleteaction in the past that was interrupted by another event or action:

"I was havinga beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang." 2. To express a change of mind:

"Iwas goingto spend the day at the beach but I've decided to go on an excursion instead."

Usage3. An action in progress at a certain time in the past:

Hewas playingfootball on this time yesterday.

4. With'wonder', to make a very polite request: "Iwas wonderingif you could baby-sit for me tonight."

Usage5. Two or more actions happening at the same time (in the past)While shewas preparingdinner, hewas washingthe dishes.

6. To describe the background in a story written in the past tense "The sunwas shiningand the birdswere singingas the elephant came out of the jungle. The other animalswere relaxingin the shade of the trees..."

REMEMBER!

Past Continuous is incompatible with the verbs not normally used in the progressive form (verbs of perception, verbs of opinion, verbs of cognition, verbs expressing feelings, attitudes, volition, permanent situations, possession and modal verbs)!

Time ExpressionsAswe were playing, it started to rain. Whilewe were playing, it started to snow. This time yesterdaywe were playing basketball. All last nightthey were traveling through Anatolia. We were having dinnerbetweensevenandeightyesterday evening It was rainingat noon yesterday. I was not visiting the museumat ten yesterday. I was visiting the castle then.

Past Continuous Tense vs. Simple Past TensePast continuous tense - longaction Simple past tense -shortaction that happensin the middleof the long action.

When/while

I was watching TVwhenyou telephoned.While I was walking past the car, it exploded.

Exercises1) What(do)when I(call)you last night?..2) I(sit)in a cafe when you(call)...3) Susie(watch)a film when she (hear) the noise.4) Yesterday I(go)to the library, next I(have)a swim, later I(meet)Julie for coffee....5) We(play)tennis when John(hurt)his ankle...6) He(take)a shower when the telephone(ring)...7) When I(walk)into the room, everyone(work)...8) He(live)in Russia when the Revolution(start)...9) When her train(get)to the station, we(wait)on the platform...10) He(be)so annoying! He(always leave)his things everywhere...

11) On holiday we(visit)Rome,(see)the Vatican, and(spend)a few days at the beach....12) Why(stand)on a chair when I(come)into the room?..13) When I(leave)the house, it(snow)...14) He(work)in a bank when he(meet)his wife15) My fatherat 70 km/h when a policemanhim.(drive) (stop)..16) What the manager (do) at 7:00 pm yesterday?17) When Donny (enter) the room, everyone (talk).18) The client really (walk out) while Troy (present)the proposal?19) The thieves (hide) in the kitchen when the police (come) in.20) While we (do) the experiment, we (break) some test tubes.

Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call). She said she (call)me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she (wait)for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (talk)to me. I couldn't believe she (make)a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on. She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep, actually)in class. Some of the students (talk)about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw)a picture of a horse. While we were talking, I (hear)her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang)up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut)vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again. It (be)Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in class.