S

Past

PerfectSimple

Structure (Form)

Structure

Auxiliary Verb: Had

Affirmative

Subject + Aux Verb + Past Participle

I had worked

She had slept

Negative

Subject + Aux Verb Not + Past Participle

I had not worked

She had not slept

Question

(WH Question) + Aux Verb + Subject + Past

Participle

(When) Had you worked?

(Why) Had she slept?

The Past Perfect Simple is

used:

S To describe an action

which was completed

before a specific point of

the time in the past.

My mom had done the

dishes by midnight.

S To describe an action that

was completed before

another action in the past.

S The movie had already

started when we got to the

movie theater.

NOTE: We use the Past Perfect Simple for the action that happened first

ant the Past Simple for the action which followed.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Before + point in time

By + point in time

Before, After, When, By the time

Already, Ever, Never, Just